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Pyrite Pyrite is often mistaken for gold because of its light brass color and bright metallic luster, so it is also called "fool's gold". The composition usually contains cobalt, nickel and selenium, and has a NaCl crystal structure. White iron ore with the same composition and orthogonal (rhombic) crystal system is called white iron ore. The components often contain trace elements such as cobalt, nickel, copper, gold and selenium, which can be comprehensively recycled in the process of sulfur extraction when the content is high.

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brief introduction

crystal chemistry

physical features

Emergence and combination

Identification feature

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related news

physiological function

Lack of symptoms and consequences

Brief introduction of iron supplementation

crystal chemistry

physical features

Emergence and combination

Identification feature

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related news

physiological function

Lack of symptoms and consequences, iron supplementation, editing, this paragraph is introduced.

Pyrite is often pyrite, because it has a light brass color and a bright metallic luster.

Be mistaken for gold, also called "fool's gold". Pyrite is iron disulfide. Pure pyrite contains 46.67% iron and 53.33% sulfur. Pyrite is generally used as raw material for producing sulfur and sulfuric acid, not for ironmaking, because ironmaking has better iron ore. Pyrite is widely distributed and can be seen in many ores and rocks, including coal. Generally speaking, it looks like a brass cube. Pyrite will become limonite or jarosite after weathering. Pyrite can be generated by magmatic separation, hot water dissolution or sublimation, and it can also be generated in igneous and sedimentary rocks [1]. In industry, pyrite is used as raw material to produce sulfur and sulfur dioxide. The chemical composition of pyrite is FeS2, which is the main mineral raw material for extracting sulfur and producing sulfuric acid. Its crystal belongs to sulfide minerals with equiaxed crystal system. The composition usually contains cobalt, nickel and selenium, and has a NaCl crystal structure. There are always complete crystal forms, such as cubes, octahedrons, pentagonal dodecahedrons and their aggregates. There are stripes parallel to the crystal edges on the crystal faces of the cube, and the stripes on each crystal face are perpendicular to each other. Aggregate is dense, massive, granular or nodular. Pale yellow (copper yellow) color, green and black stripes, strong metallic luster, opacity, no cleavage and jagged fracture. Mohs hardness is relatively high, reaching 6-6.5, which can't be carved with a knife. Specific gravity 4.9-5.2. Under the surface conditions, it is easily weathered into limonite. pyrite

How to distinguish "fool's gold" from real gold? As long as you draw it on the unglazed white porcelain board, you will see the streaks (that is, the powder left on the white porcelain board), and the truth will be clear. The stripes of gold ore are golden yellow, and the stripes of pyrite are green and black. In addition, when weighed by hand, gold is particularly heavy, because the specific gravity of natural gold is 15.6- 18.3, while pyrite is only 4.9-5.2. Pyrite is the most widely distributed sulfide mineral and can exist in all kinds of rocks. Pyrite is the main raw material for extracting sulfur and producing sulfuric acid, and it is also a very cheap ancient gem. In Victorian England (A.D. 1837- 190 1), people liked to decorate this gem with special shape and ornamental value. It can be used not only for grinding precious stones, but also as a base for jewelry, jade and other handicrafts. The world-famous producing areas are Riotto, Czech Republic, Slovakia and the United States. China's pyrite reserves rank among the top in the world, and the famous producing areas are Yingde, Yunfu, Maanshan, Anhui and Baiyin Factory, Gansu.

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pyrite

Theoretical composition (WB%): iron 46.55, sulfur 53.45. Co and Ni isomorphism often replace Fe, forming FeS2—CoS2 and FeS2—NiS2 series. With the increase of Co and Ni content instead of Fe content, the unit cell increases, the hardness decreases and the color becomes lighter. Arsenic, selenium and tellurium can replace sulfur. It usually contains a finely dispersed mixture of antimony, copper, gold and silver. There may also be trace elements such as germanium and indium. Au often occurs in the cleavage plane or crystal lattice of pyrite in the form of equiaxed crystal system of trace gold and ultra-trace gold (structural form), A0 = a0=0.54 17nm; ; Z=4. Pyrite structure. Iron atoms occupy the vertex angle and face center of cubic cell; S atoms form dumbbell-shaped parathion [S2]2-, and its center is located at the center of cell edge and body center. The axial direction of [S2]2- is the same as the diagonal direction of the small cube corresponding to the cell 1/8, but they do not intersect each other. S-S spacing is 0.2 10nm, valence bond is * *, sulfur ion radius is less than twice and the sum is 0.35nm. The dodecahedron crystal of folk prescription complex, Th-m3(3L24L33PC). Crystals are complete, usually cubic and pentagonal dodecahedron, and less octahedron. The main simplex: cube A, pentagonal dodecahedron E, octahedron O and folk complex dodecahedron. There are three groups of vertical stripes on the crystal surface, namely, polygonal stripes of cubes and pentagonal dodecahedron stripes. Twins are mainly formed according to (1 10) and (11), and staggered twins are formed according to (1 10). Aggregate is granular, dense block, dispersed or spherical. Cryptomeric metamorphic colloidal pyrite is called colloidal pyrite.

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pyrite

Light brass yellow, the surface is often yellowish brown and ochre. Stripes are green and black or brown and black. Strong metallic luster. Opaque. Cleavage, extremely incomplete The hardness is 6~6.5. The relative density is 4.9~5.2. Can be detected. Pyrite is a semiconductor mineral. Due to the substitution of non-equivalent impurity components, such as Co3 and Ni3 instead of Fe2 or [As]3 and [AsS]3 instead of [S2]2-, conductive electron centers (N-type) or hole centers (P-type) are generated. Under the action of heat, the trapped electrons are easy to flow and orient, forming an electron flow, generating thermoelectric potential and pyroelectricity.

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It is the most widely distributed sulfide in the crust. In magmatic rocks, pyrite is finely disseminated and belongs to post-magmatic thermal pyrite.

The product of liquid action. In contact metasomatic deposits, pyrite often coexists with other sulfides and was formed in the late stage of hydrothermal process. In hydrothermal deposits, pyrite coexists with other sulfides, oxides and epochs. Sometimes a large number of pyrite deposits will be formed. In sedimentary rocks, coal measures and sedimentary deposits, pyrite appears as massive, nodular or lenticular. In metamorphic rocks, pyrite is often a new product of metamorphism. Pyrite is unstable in the oxidation zone and is easy to decompose to form iron hydroxide such as goethite. After dehydration, stable limonite can be formed, according to which pyrite is often illusory. This action often forms limonite, goethite and lepidolite on the surface outcrop of the oxidation zone of metal deposits, so it is called iron hat. Jarosite (KFe3[SO4]2(OH)6) can be formed under the strong acidic conditions in the oxidation zone, and its distribution is second only to limonite.

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The crystal form is complete, the crystal face is striped, and the dense block is similar to chalcopyrite, but it can be distinguished from it by its light brass yellow color and high hardness.

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Main raw materials for producing sulfur and sulfuric acid. When associated elements contain gold, cobalt and nickel, they can be extracted. Medicinal native copper is pyrite (crushed or calcined), also known as lead. Efficacy: removing blood stasis and relieving pain, and connecting bones and tendons. Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparations: Huoxue Zhitong Powder, Zhong Jun Da Die Powder. Application in middle school chemistry: burning or roasting sulfuric acid, sulfur or pyrite in the air to obtain sulfur dioxide gas. pyrite

The oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide is the key to the production of sulfuric acid, and its reaction is: 2SO2+O2→2SO3, which cannot be carried out at room temperature without catalyst. According to the different ways of converting sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide, the methods of producing sulfuric acid can be divided into contact method and nitration method. In the contact method, vanadium pentoxide V2O5 supported by diatomite containing potassium oxide or potassium sulfate (accelerator) is used as a catalyst to convert sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide. Nitrification method is to use nitrogen oxides as oxygen transport agent to oxidize sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide: SO2+N2O3+H2O→H2SO4+2NO. According to the different equipment used, nitration method can be divided into lead chamber method and tower method, and now the lead chamber method has been eliminated. The concentration of sulfuric acid produced by tower method is only 76%; The contact method can produce sulfuric acid with a concentration above 98%; Used the most. Main equation: 4fe2+11O2 = 2fe2o3+8so22so2+O2 = 2so3so3+H2O = H2SO4.

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To distinguish "fool's gold" from real gold, we only need to draw it on the unglazed white porcelain board, and the lines drawn (that is, the powder left on the white porcelain board) will be clear. The stripes of gold ore are golden yellow, and the stripes of pyrite are green and black. In addition, when weighed by hand, gold is particularly heavy, because the specific gravity of natural gold is 15.6- 18.3, while pyrite is only 4.9-5.2. Pyrite is the most widely distributed sulfide mineral and can exist in all kinds of rocks. Pyrite is the main raw material for extracting sulfur and producing sulfuric acid, and it is also a very cheap ancient gem. In Victorian England (A.D. 1837- 190 1), people liked to decorate this gem with special shape and ornamental value. It can be used not only for grinding precious stones, but also as a base for jewelry, jade and other handicrafts.

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1, iron is an important component of hemoglobin, and the function of hemoglobin is to transport oxygen to cells and take carbon dioxide out of cells. The link structure of heme and tetraglobulin in hemoglobin provides an effective mechanism, that is, it can combine with oxygen without being oxidized, and plays a key role in the transport of oxygen from lung to tissue. 2. Myoglobin consists of a heme and a globulin chain, which exists only in muscle tissue. Its basic function is to transport and store oxygen in muscle. 3. Cytochrome is a series of heme compounds, which have a very important influence on respiration and energy metabolism through its electron conduction in mitochondria. For example, cells A, B and C are necessary to generate energy through oxidative phosphorylation. 4. Iron in other iron-containing enzymes can be non-heme iron, NAP dehydrogenase and amber dehydrogenase, which participate in energy metabolism, as well as heme-iron-containing catalase, poly-oxidase (involved in trihydroxy acid cycle), phosphoenolpyruvate kinase (rate-limiting enzyme in sugar production pathway) and nucleotide reductase (enzyme needed for DNA synthesis). 5. Iron catalyzes the transformation of β -carotene into vitamin A, the synthesis of purine and collagen, the production of antibodies, the transport of lipids in blood and the detoxification of drugs in liver. Iron is also closely related to immunity. Studies have shown that iron can improve the body's immunity, increase the phagocytic function of neutrophils and phagocytes, and enhance the body's anti-infection ability.

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1. Anemia: In severe cases, it can increase the mortality rate of children and mothers and obviously reduce the working ability of the body. 2. Behavior and intelligence: Iron deficiency can cause damage to psychological activities and intellectual development and behavior changes. Iron deficiency (lack before anemia) will also damage children's cognitive ability, and it is difficult to recover after iron supplementation in the future. Animal experiments show that short-term deficiency can reduce the iron content in the brain of young animals. In the future, iron supplementation can correct iron storage in the body, but it has no effect on iron in the brain. Long-term iron deficiency will obviously affect physical endurance. The animal experiments carried out by Finch et al. show that the damage of iron deficiency to the running ability of animals has nothing to do with the level of hemoglobin, but is caused by the damage of muscle oxidative metabolism caused by iron deficiency. In terms of immunity and anti-infection ability, both human and animal experiments have recorded that one of the characteristics of iron deficiency is the decline of anti-infection ability. 1. In terms of body temperature regulation, another feature of iron deficiency anemia is that the ability to maintain body temperature in a cold environment is impaired. 2. In the aspect of lead poisoning, animal and human experiments have proved that iron deficiency will increase the absorption of lead. 3, some pregnancy consequences, sweaty bowel disease research shows that anemia in early pregnancy is related to premature delivery, low birth weight infants and fetal death. Symptoms of iron deficiency include pale skin, tongue pain, fatigue or weakness, loss of appetite and nausea. Effect of iron deficiency on immune system: 1. The ability to resist the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms is weakened. 2. Reduce the reaction speed of immune cells from rest to war. 3. Reduce the activity of antioxidant biochemical enzymes. 4. Antibody production stops or proceeds at a very slow speed. 5. Iron deficiency anemia, insufficient oxygen supply to cells. The result is listless, tired and tired all day, and more susceptible to infection. Excessive free iron flowing in the blood will not only help to resist and protect the human body, but will be swallowed up by bacteria and become food for bacteria, which will multiply in large numbers. This is why we must be more careful when we supplement iron for our children.

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There are two main forms of iron in food: one is non-heme iron, which mainly exists in food in the form of Fe(OH)3 complex. This form of iron must be reduced to ferrous ions under the action of gastric acid before it can be absorbed. There are many factors affecting its absorption: if the diet contains more phytate, oxalate and carbonate, it can form insoluble iron with iron and inhibit the absorption of iron. This is the reason why the absorption rate of iron in grain is low. Taking too many antacids is not conducive to the release of iron ions and hinders the absorption of iron. In addition, there are many factors conducive to the absorption of iron. Vitamin C can form a soluble chelate with iron, which makes iron dissolve at high PH, which is beneficial to iron absorption. Animal proteins such as beef, pork, liver and fish contain meat factors, which can also promote the absorption of iron. Milk and eggs have no such effect. When dietary calcium is sufficient, phosphate and oxalate that inhibit iron absorption can be removed, which is also beneficial to iron absorption. The second is heme iron, which is the iron combined with porphyrin in hemoglobin and myoglobin. It is directly absorbed by intestinal mucosal epithelial cells in the form of iron porphyrin. This kind of iron is not affected by inhibitory factors such as phytic acid, nor by promoting factors such as vitamin C, so that endogenous secretion of gastric mucosa promotes its absorption. Generally speaking, the absorption rate of iron in plant food is low, mostly below 10%, and the absorption rate of iron in animal food is high, but milk is deficient in iron, and the absorption rate of iron in eggs is also low because of the existence of high phosphorus protein in egg yolk. In order to prevent the formation of iron deficiency, animal liver, whole blood, meat and fish should be mixed in daily diet. Eat more iron fortified foods, such as iron fortified salt and milk powder. Getting Started Atlas More Atlas

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