Futures: It is basically the same as forward, except that this contract can only be conducted on the exchange, and this contract or the contract itself can be bought and sold.
Option: Sign a contract, agree on a transaction price now, and exercise your rights at a fixed time and place in the future.
Swap: Financial swap refers to a transaction in which two or more participants sign an agreement directly or through an intermediary to pay a series of principal or interest or principal and interest to each other or cross. According to the different payment contents, there are two basic forms of financial swap: interest rate swap and currency swap.
Interest rate swap: interest rate swap is a financial swap that only exchanges interest, that is, both parties to the agreement calculate and exchange a group of interest flows for the same nominal principal amount according to different interest rate calculation indicators.
Currency swap: Currency swap is a financial swap that exchanges principal and usual interest, that is, both parties to the agreement exchange interest flows in different currencies within a given period, and at the end of the period, exchange the principal for calculating interest at the exchange rate agreed in the agreement.
Option: It is a financial instrument based on futures. In essence, the option is to price power and obligation separately in the financial field, so that the transferee of power can exercise power on whether to trade or not within a specified time, and the obligor must perform it. In option trading, the party who buys the option is called the buyer, while the party who sells the contract is called the seller. The buyer is the transferee of power, and the seller is the obligor who must perform the buyer's exercise of power. Specific pricing issues are comprehensively discussed in financial engineering.