Futures, options, stocks and bonds are called the four major inventions of financial markets because they are the most basic and common trading varieties in financial markets and play a vital role in the development and operation of financial markets. Its futures refers to a contract in which both parties agree to deliver a certain subject matter at a predetermined price and quantity at a certain time in the future; Option refers to the buyer's right to buy or sell a subject matter at a predetermined price at a certain time in the future after paying a certain fee; Stock refers to the shares issued by the company, representing the ownership of the company and the rights and interests of shareholders; Bonds refer to debt certificates issued by debtors to creditors, representing debtors' debts and creditors' rights. The emergence and development of these four financial instruments have promoted the development and perfection of the financial market and provided investors with more choices and opportunities.