To meet the needs of the development of the socialist market economy, our country has now formed a rich intermediary organization system. It is no exaggeration to say that in all areas where market entities require the intervention of a third force, there are corresponding intermediary organizations to provide services. There are many types of intermediary organizations. The following is only a brief analysis of the development status of the twenty main intermediary organizations in my country:

(1) Accounting (auditing) firms. Since my country restored the CPA and auditor systems in 1980, social audit intermediaries and CPAs have developed rapidly. There are nearly 10,000 accounting (auditing) firms with more than 130,000 employees. Among the employees, nearly 50% and 20% are certified public accountants and certified auditors respectively. The two divisions and two institutes have played an important role in promoting economic development, maintaining financial disciplines, establishing a socialist market economic system, and regulating market behavior. However, the problems existing in the two divisions and two institutes are also quite prominent. Vicious competition and illegal operations have caused heavy losses to the country and enterprises. We believe that as one of the most important institutions among assurance intermediary organizations, the existing practitioners of the two divisions and two firms are not too many, but it is determined that the scale of the firms is too small, the quality of the practitioners is low, and the personnel structure is unreasonable , low professional standards and levels, irregular behavior and other issues.

(2) State-owned assets investment and operating companies. The operation and management of state-owned assets by a number of state-owned asset management companies is a commonly used form in developed countries with market economies. It relatively isolates the government from enterprises, which not only prevents the government from direct administrative intervention in enterprises, but also allows the government to micro-manage affairs. liberated from it. my country's state-owned assets investment and operation companies were created and developed during the reform of state-owned enterprises, and there are currently more than 1,000 of them. The existence of such intermediary organizations allows the state to manage state-owned assets without directly managing state-owned enterprises. This not only has the dual significance of enhancing the vitality of enterprises and transforming government functions, but also is the need to solve the absence of state asset owners, implement the property rights of corporate legal persons, realize the optimal allocation of assets, and maintain and increase the value of state-owned assets. It is a reform of state-owned asset management that is in line with my country's national conditions. the best way. Since 1994, when the State Council approved the pilot program of China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation and others to change from industrial companies to holding companies, many departments and regions have made useful attempts at intermediary management of state-owned assets, accumulated a lot of experience, and now have the ability to operate nationwide. Conditions for advancing within the scope.

(3) Asset and credit evaluation agencies. Liancheng Asset Appraisal Firm, established by the China Patent Office in 1984, is my country's first intangible assets appraisal agency focusing on intellectual property appraisal. In the same year, professional credit assessment agencies emerged in cities such as Beijing. In 1987, the first non-bank credit rating agency was established in Shanghai. Since then, my country's asset and credit rating agencies have developed rapidly. There are now nearly 4,000 asset appraisal agencies nationwide, employing nearly 50,000 people. my country's asset and credit assessment institutions have developed in response to the adjustment of corporate organizational structures and the needs of Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative operations. Judging from future trends, as the financial system reform develops in depth, financial risks will become very important and sensitive. problems; the restructuring of state-owned enterprises also faces the problem of reducing risks and preventing the loss of state-owned assets. As an important means of reducing and preventing risks, the high-level development of asset and credit assessment intermediaries is particularly important.

(4) Lawyers, notaries and arbitration institutions. There are more than 50,000 law firms in my country with more than 500,000 employees. Nearly 80 foreign law firms have set up offices in my country; there are more than 3,000 notary institutions with more than 10,000 employees; and there are more than 6,000 arbitration institutions. family, employing more than 100,000 people. This type of intermediary agency has special significance and role in maintaining the market economic order. It is an objective requirement of the market economy as a legal economy. Its existence is conducive to protecting the legitimate rights and interests of market entities, allowing them to engage in equal transactions and equal competition, and promote the economic development. A healthy development track. Judging from the current situation of such intermediaries, the work of decoupling law firms from judicial agencies is progressing relatively quickly, and some dynamic private partnership law firms have emerged. However, most notary and arbitration institutions are still affiliated with the judicial department and are far from the real There is still a considerable distance between the intermediaries.

(5) Financial intermediaries. At present, various intermediaries such as insurance agencies, financial leasing, securities companies, trust investment funds, pawns and auctions are active in my country's financial market. It is the existence of these institutions that enables my country's financial system reform to develop smoothly and effectively promotes the realization of a modern enterprise system. There are more than 230,000 insurance intermediary service outlets of various types in my country, employing more than 900,000 people; there are about 1,000 leasing companies mainly distributed in large and medium-sized coastal cities; there are more than 50 national and local securities companies, and trusts There are more than 300 investment companies and more than 2,000 outlets that also engage in securities business; my country currently operates more than 80 investment funds and more than 1,000 pawn shops. Compared with the requirements of the developing financial market, these existing intermediaries are still far from meeting the needs. Vigorously cultivating high-quality financial intermediary organizations is a focus of the development of my country's intermediary market.

(6) Tax intermediary. Our country’s tax intermediaries were established in 1986, and now there are approximately 4,000 across the country.

Although tax intermediaries play an extremely important role in improving citizens’ tax awareness, promoting tax system reform, improving tax order, resolving conflicts in taxation, and maintaining social stability and harmony, my country’s tax intermediaries also have many problems: First, Most tax intermediaries are affiliated or affiliated with tax authorities at all levels and are not intermediaries in the true sense. They are subject to serious administrative interference and find it difficult to conduct business openly, fairly and impartially. Second, the names of tax agency intermediaries are not uniform. It gives some organizations that are not qualified as tax agents an opportunity to act as tax agents at will; third, there is a monopoly on the tax agency market in some places, which has had a serious negative impact; fourth, there is a lack of unified qualification regulations for practitioners, which allows fraudsters to roam the streets. in.

(7) Labor intermediary. As intermediary service agencies for the flow of production factors, they have developed rapidly in our country. There are 30,000 urban labor and employment intermediary agencies nationwide; 22,000 township labor service stations (offices) have been established in rural areas; national talent markets are in Beijing and Shanghai. Established; senior talent markets and professional talent markets have also been established in Beijing, Shanghai, Qingdao and other cities; the layout of seven regional talent markets across the country has been completed; a number of national-level professional talent markets have been established one after another; provinces, prefectures (cities) across the country And more than 95% of counties and cities have established basic talent markets. The current problem is that there are too many and excessive employment agencies in some places, and a large number of irregularities have occurred, and even serious incidents of violation of law and discipline have occurred. Therefore, it is urgent to develop and cultivate intermediary organizations to seriously rectify the employment intermediaries in the labor market.

(8) Agricultural intermediaries. There are more than 1.5 million agricultural economic and technical associations of various types in the country. These are non-governmental economic organizations in the process of agricultural industrialization that farmers consciously adapt to the needs of the market economy and organize themselves to enter the market. This kind of professional association, run by the people, managed by the people, and benefiting the people, allows farmers to unite in the fields of production, operation, and technology to conduct organized trading activities, improve their ability to withstand market risks, and form a market mechanism for self-protection. This type of organization safeguards the legitimate rights and interests of farmers by reflecting farmers' opinions to the government and conducting transactions with other interest groups in society. As a historical necessity in the deepening process of economic system reform, agricultural intermediary organizations will develop further with the development of agricultural industrialization and commercialization. The current problem is that this type of organization is very spontaneous and local, and there are great differences in organizational form, name, and operation methods from place to place. In order to promote their healthy development, experience should be summed up in a timely manner, agricultural intermediary organizations should be rectified and standardized, and an agricultural intermediary organization system with Chinese characteristics should be established as soon as possible.

(9) Real estate transaction intermediary. Intermediaries related to real estate transactions include land valuation agencies and real estate brokerage agencies. Since Shenzhen transferred its first piece of state-owned land use rights in 1987, by the autumn of 1994, more than 500 government-approved land valuation agencies have been established across the country. At present, there are more than 10,000 real estate brokerage agencies registered across the country, and there are hundreds of thousands of full-time and part-time real estate agents providing intermediary, agency, and consulting services. With the opening of the secondary real estate market and the commercialization of housing becoming a new economic hot spot, the problem of real estate transaction intermediaries has become more and more prominent. Criminals who commit fraud in the name of intermediaries have seriously disrupted the order of the real estate market. Therefore, we should learn from successful foreign experiences, develop real estate intermediaries in line with our country's national conditions as soon as possible, and promote the healthy development of the real estate industry.

(10) Broker. my country's brokerage industry is developing rapidly. Currently, there are nearly 5,000 brokerage institutions with nearly 100,000 employees, active in commodities, finance, securities, futures, information, transportation, property rights, sports, literature and art, tourism, real estate, labor force, etc. In various markets, it plays an important role in accelerating information transmission, improving transaction efficiency, and promoting the rational allocation of social resources. my country's brokerage market presents two extremes. One is that there are too many brokerage institutions, and a large number of unqualified people are involved, resulting in poor service quality and endless violations and crimes; the other is that technology, education, and There is a shortage of cooperative brokerage agencies in fields such as sports, literature and art, and real estate transactions, which has become a bottleneck for development. From time to time, the news of famous literary and artistic stars cheating, tax evasion, sports athlete transfer disputes, piracy of literary and artistic works, deceptive behavior in real estate transactions, etc. are all related to the underdevelopment of the brokerage market.

(11) Information consulting agency. There are currently 80,000 information consulting companies in my country, and the databases they own account for one-tenth of the world's total databases. Judging from our sample survey, the fastest growing intermediary organizations in various places are almost all information consulting agencies. However, there is indeed a big gap in the quality of information consulting agencies in our country. There is an extremely shortage of consulting personnel with high academic qualifications and high intelligence. Consulting agencies are filled with people without professional knowledge and who do not have the skills to collect, process, organize and organize information. Technical skills required for analysis. my country's information database is lacking in information and the utilization rate of information resources is not high. The capacity of my country's databases accounts for about one percent of the world's total capacity, but the social value it generates only accounts for one thousandth of the total value of the world's information resources. Most of the thousands of domestic information databases are so-called "death row", and less than 10% are dynamically updated and effectively used.

(12) Advertising company. Advertising in our country has emerged and developed since the reform and opening up.

It is the market intermediary with the fastest development speed and the deepest experience among the people. At present, there are more than 60,000 advertising agencies and nearly 600,000 employees. Advertising plays a special role in promoting people's awareness of market economy. Advertising has a natural internal connection with market economy. The problem existing in my country's advertising industry is that "there are too many and too many, not too many good ones but not too many bad ones." Therefore, we should strengthen the management of the advertising industry, improve its quality, and improve its services in order to provide healthy and beautiful advertising products to the society and promote the development of the socialist market economy.

(13) Property rights transaction intermediary. This is an intermediary organization that emerged and developed with the optimization of corporate structure and the reform of state-owned enterprises. The earliest property rights trading intermediary institution in my country was the Zhengzhou Property Rights Trading Market established in 1989. Since then, various places have rushed to set up various property rights trading agencies. Currently, there are nearly 200 across the country. Problems with existing property rights trading intermediaries are: 1. Most of them are affiliated with state-owned asset management departments, while others are affiliated with institutional reform or economic management departments, and there are very few private ones; 2. There is a lack of standardized management systems and models, so This results in an unsmooth system and unscientific management; (3) Since the country has not yet issued unified management regulations, there are also many problems in terms of personnel composition, internal management, business operations and charging standards.

(14) Technology intermediary. It includes three types: information intermediary, technology transfer agency and innovation incubation, providing relevant services in information liaison and communication, technology trading agency and the establishment of high-tech enterprises respectively. There are tens of thousands of technology intermediaries of various types in my country. Generally speaking, the development of information intermediaries and technology transfer agency intermediaries has reached considerable scale, while innovation incubation intermediaries are still in their infancy. "Business incubator" is the product of a combination of technology intermediary and venture capital. It can provide high-tech enterprises with capital credit, factory equipment leasing, staff recruitment and technical training, vocational re-education, new product identification, quality certification, business management consulting, Market development and other services. According to the needs of economic development, our country should vigorously develop innovative incubation intermediaries in the future. In addition, in view of the current situation that my country's science and technology intermediaries have a large number but poor quality, and the proportion of professionals, especially expert-level personnel, is low, the science and technology intermediaries that will be cultivated and developed in the future should be highly intelligent expert groups.

(15) Educational intermediaries. The development of my country's education industry has been rapid in recent years, and the pace of industrialization of higher education is accelerating. Correctly resolving the contradiction between government macro-management and schools' independent education is a key point in education reform. The best way is to use education intermediary organizations to coordinate communication between the government and schools. Intermediary organizations are responsible for professional demonstration, quality assessment, experience exchange, social fund-raising and other tasks, reducing the government's management pressure at the micro level and allowing it to concentrate on managing education from the macro level. At present, in the field of vocational education in my country, there is the China Staff Education and Vocational Training Association. As a cross-industry and cross-department national association, it has more than 300 group members and plays an important role in promoting the development of vocational education. In addition, education intermediaries also include educational evaluation, professional setting demonstration, teaching quality evaluation, industry-university-research collaboration, donation for scholarships, achievement exchange, study abroad, etc. In order to meet the urgent needs of the development of education industrialization, the top priority is to formulate laws and regulations for education intermediaries and establish a sound and complete education intermediary system.

(16) Sports intermediary. Currently, there are three sports brokerage companies registered with relevant national departments: Hongtian Sports Brokerage Co., Ltd. in Guangdong, Hope International Sports Brokerage Company in Shanghai, and China Sports Brokerage Company. Due to the unclear status of sports intermediaries and the unsatisfactory management system, although there are a certain number of intermediaries such as agents and clubs in various places, most of them are "underground", which seriously restricts the performance of their roles. The lack of standardized operation of sports intermediaries cannot but be said to be one of the important reasons for the chaos of the sports market and the slow progress of industrialization. It also restricts the improvement of the level of sports in our country to a certain extent. In a sense, without good sports intermediary services, it will be difficult to optimize the combination of sports resources and produce high-level sports teams and outstanding athletes. Therefore, it is necessary to vigorously cultivate and develop sports intermediaries so that they can become the fulcrum for macro-control and turn the government's intentions into the actions of the sports industry entities.

(17) Cultural intermediary. According to data from more than 200 literary agents, brokerage companies, auction houses, literary and art workers' federations and associations in Beijing, it is estimated that there may be thousands of cultural intermediaries across the country. The existing problem is that private literary and art intermediaries have not formed a large scale, have no standardized management system, and are in a state of disorder. This is one of the important reasons for the poor order of the literary and art market. Therefore, rectifying and developing cultural intermediaries is currently an important task to promote the development of cultural and artistic undertakings. The China Federation of Culture and Art Workers, established when the People’s Republic of China was founded, and its affiliated Writers Association, Dramatists Association, Artists Association, Calligraphers Association, Musicians Association, Photographers Association, Dancers Association, Quyi Artists Association, The Television and Film Artists Association and the Folklore Artists Association should also be included in cultural intermediary organizations in terms of their social functions. Giving full play to the role of these associations will effectively promote the development of my country's cultural and artistic undertakings.

(18) Consumer Association. This is an intermediary organization with high reputation among the people of our country.

At present, there are more than 30,000 consumer associations across the country, and they handle hundreds of thousands of complaints every year, saving consumers an average of more than 100 million yuan in economic losses every year. The Consumers Association is an intermediary organization covering the whole society. It was established and carried out its work in accordance with the "Consumer Rights Protection Law of the People's Republic of China". It insists on fighting against behaviors that harm the interests of consumers and effectively protects the rights and interests of consumers. . It has played an important role and made outstanding contributions in promoting the healthy and orderly development of the socialist market economy and the construction of two civilizations. The Consumers Association is now basically a semi-official organization authorized by the government to punish business practices that infringe on consumers. How to transform into non-governmental organizations and reduce the financial burden on the state is a practical problem faced by the Consumers Association.

(19) Industry associations. Industry associations are an inevitable product of the development of market economy. They provide two-way services to the government and enterprises. They not only share government functions but also reflect the opinions and suggestions of enterprises. They are meso media connecting micro and macro management. There are currently 92, 368 and 840 large, medium and small industries in our country respectively. There are millions of enterprises in these industries. It is neither possible nor good to rely solely on government management. It is necessary to rely on industry associations for self-discipline. Management, standardizing corporate behavior, and reducing government burdens are management reforms that have huge benefits at both the macro and micro levels. my country's industry associations are managed according to social groups. There are currently 200,000 various societies, including 1,860 national and 198,000 local societies. Among national associations, academic, industrial, professional and joint associations account for 38%, 23%, 9% and 10% respectively. The development of the market economy not only puts forward higher requirements for industry management, but also provides greater opportunities for the development of industry associations.

(20) Chamber of Commerce. This is a social intermediary organization that achieves harmonious coexistence of different social entities through consultation, dialogue, negotiation, and adjustment among different social interest groups under the conditions of market economy. Since the reform and opening up, chambers of commerce have gained new life, and industrial and commercial enterprises from all over the country have organized chambers of commerce on their own initiative. China currently has nearly 1.05 million private chambers of commerce members, and more than 3,000 organizations at or above the county level. Since 1993, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce has worked with local federations of industry and commerce on pilot trade associations. At present, the federation has formed a sound organizational network across the country. There are more than 2,000 local chambers of commerce at all levels with more than 700,000 members. It has cooperated with nearly 100 organizations around the world. It has established connections with chambers of commerce in several countries and regions and has certain credibility and reputation at home and abroad. The current problem is that most chambers of commerce are official organizations, so there is also the issue of how to transform them into private organizations.

The 20 types of intermediary organizations analyzed above can generally be divided into three categories: 1. Accounting (auditing) firms, asset and credit assessment agencies, lawyer notarization arbitration institutions and securities trading institutions, etc. They The services provided are of appraisal and notarization nature, which play an extremely important role in the healthy development of the market economy and maintaining social security and unity. Such intermediaries have a large number, many employees, and a wide range of services. It should be said that they have played a very important role in more than ten years, and this must be affirmed. However, we must also be clearly aware that such intermediary agencies do have problems such as low quality, unreasonable structure, irregular operation, and lax management. One-sided pursuit of economic interests, violation of the principle of seeking truth from facts, reckless conduct, providing seriously inaccurate reports, violating policies and laws, causing huge losses and adverse social impact to society, enterprises and residents, must be cleaned up and rectified to improve their quality and Service quality and maintenance of the image and reputation of intermediary organizations. 2. Intermediary agencies in science and technology, education, culture and sports are involved in the industrial transformation of these undertakings. Only by establishing a considerable number of intermediaries with qualified quality to provide high-quality services for the industrialization of these departments can their smooth development be ensured. This is an intermediary organization that needs to be nurtured and developed. 3. Chambers of commerce and associations are intermediary institutions that span between social intermediaries and market intermediaries. They are not only industry self-discipline management organizations for industrial and commercial enterprises, but also self-discipline industry management organizations for intermediaries. They are responsible for maintaining market order, ensuring the quality of intermediaries, regulating the operation of intermediaries, controlling the number of intermediaries, and supervising the employees of intermediaries. Behaviors have important meaning and role, and they are intermediary organizations that need to be vigorously developed.