Recently, the People's Bank of China, the China Banking Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission (hereinafter referred to as the "Three Meetings") jointly issued the Guiding Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting the Innovation of Rural Financial Products and Services (Yinfa [20 10] 198). The person in charge of the relevant departments of the "one line, three meetings" answered the reporter's question.
First of all, please briefly introduce the background of comprehensively promoting the innovation of rural financial products and services.
Accelerating rural financial innovation and actively improving and perfecting rural financial services are the important focus of financial work, and also the realistic requirements of coordinating urban and rural development, accelerating economic restructuring and promoting the construction of new socialist countryside. In recent years, around the goal of establishing a multi-level, wide-coverage and sustainable rural financial service system, the "Three Sessions" and various agricultural financial institutions have made great efforts to promote rural financial reform and innovation, improve and perfect rural financial services in many aspects, and promote the inclination of financial resources to the countryside, and have done a lot of fruitful work. However, in many rural areas of China, there are few marketable financial products and a single financial service model, and the problem that the quality and efficiency of financial services do not match the rural economic and social development and farmers' diversified financial service needs is still outstanding.
Over the past year or so, with the strong support of the party committees, governments at all levels and relevant government functional departments in nine pilot provinces, the "One Party, Three Meetings" and various agricultural financial institutions have made active efforts, carefully planned and deployed, and worked hard. Generally speaking, accelerating the pilot work of rural financial products and services has achieved obvious phased results:
First, a large number of innovative financial products have been developed and piloted according to local conditions. According to the preliminary statistics of the People's Bank of China, there are 133 leading pilot innovative products in 9 pilot provinces and 88 pilot counties (cities). The pilot innovative products that have obvious influence on the pilot effect nationwide include: collective forest right mortgage loan, land contractual management right mortgage loan and homestead use right mortgage loan, large-scale agricultural machinery mortgage loan, "credit+insurance" products, small and medium-sized enterprise collective bills and "Huinong card". The emergence of a large number of innovative pilot products has effectively broadened the financing channels of agriculture-related funds, facilitated loans for rural areas and farmers, and has been widely welcomed by rural areas and farmers in the pilot areas, resulting in tangible benefits.
Second, the pilot mobilized and stimulated the internal enthusiasm of financial institutions and promoted the obvious increase of agricultural credit. According to the preliminary statistics of the People's Bank of China, by the end of June 20 10, the balance of agricultural loans in nine pilot provinces was 2.6 trillion yuan, up 24.2% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 13.6 percentage points higher than the same period last year. Among them, the growth rates of rural loans and farmers' loans were 19.4 and 7.4 percentage points higher than the same period of last year, 7.9 and 7 percentage points higher than the total agricultural credit directly driven by all innovative financial products in nine pilot provinces, and the loan balance was 26.4 billion yuan, up 40% year-on-year. Agricultural credit has increased substantially, which is the most prominent effect of the pilot.
Third, the pilot has promoted the establishment of an effective coordination mechanism for cross-departmental work in rural finance, and formed a set of policy support systems to promote rural economic development and encourage rural financial innovation. Since the implementation of the pilot, nine pilot provinces have generally established an effective coordination mechanism for cross-sectoral work of rural finance, implemented the responsibilities and progress requirements of the pilot, and strengthened the overall coordination of the pilot work. Henan, Liaoning, Hubei and other provinces have also held special meetings many times to mobilize and deploy the pilot work. In terms of supporting policies, the People's Bank of China comprehensively uses various monetary policy tools such as refinancing and differential reserve ratio to provide positive incentives and vigorously promote the construction of rural payment system and credit environment; The central and local governments in the pilot provinces give special subsidies to financial institutions that expand agricultural credit to a certain proportion, and some pilot counties and cities have also established agricultural loan risk compensation funds, incentive funds or special financial subsidies through local financial contributions; Financial supervision departments give active support in market access and network layout adjustment of new rural financial institutions; Insurance regulatory authorities have broadened the coverage of agricultural insurance, actively increased the variety of agricultural insurance, and improved insurance supporting services. These efforts have provided strong basic support for speeding up the pilot project, and at the same time brought together many government departments to further strengthen the coordination and cooperation of cross-sectoral policies.
Fourth, the pilot has further enhanced the multi-sector understanding of the necessity and urgency of accelerating rural financial reform and innovation, promoted the construction of rural financial basic service facilities and the benign development of rural financial ecological environment, and accumulated experience and laid a foundation for comprehensively promoting rural financial system innovation, product innovation and service model innovation.
20 10- 1, "One Party, Three Meetings" jointly held a symposium on accelerating the innovation of rural financial products and service methods in Shangqiu City, Henan Province, and made an in-depth summary and exchange on the pilot work. In the first half of this year, the People's Bank of China led relevant departments to go to representative provinces and cities across the country, conducted in-depth research on promoting the innovation of rural financial products and service methods, and listened to opinions from all sides. Generally speaking, at present, promoting the innovation of rural financial products and services in an all-round way not only has a considerable foundation, but also has urgent practical needs. In particular, coordinating urban and rural development, accelerating the adjustment of economic structure and the transformation of economic development mode have put forward new requirements for the financial system to implement the strategy of strengthening agriculture and benefiting farmers. The new situation of international and domestic agricultural development in the post-financial crisis period requires China's financial sector to make new achievements in promoting rural financial innovation and improving and perfecting rural financial services, which is also a "win-win" for further consolidating the foundation of agricultural and rural development and promoting financial institutions to vigorously develop rural potential markets. Therefore, on the basis of earnestly and systematically summarizing the practical experience of accelerating the innovation of rural financial products and service models for more than a year, the "Three Sessions" decided to comprehensively promote the innovation of rural financial products and service models nationwide from the second half of this year.
2. What is the purpose and main content of comprehensively promoting the innovation of rural financial products and services?
The core purpose of comprehensively promoting the innovation of rural financial products and service models is to firmly grasp the breakthrough point of innovative rural financial products and service models, and through the active and unremitting efforts of the financial system, strive to innovate, popularize and popularize some financial products and service models that truly meet the actual needs of rural areas and farmers across the country, vigorously innovate and improve the new mechanism of agricultural financial services, and keep pace with the times to meet the diversified financial service needs of rural areas. On the basis of efforts to alleviate the financing difficulties of rural areas and farmers, we will provide more, more affordable and more convenient financial services for rural areas and farmers, so that more low-and middle-income people in rural areas can enjoy modern financial services and comprehensively improve the comprehensive level of rural financial services on a larger scale and at a higher level.
Comprehensively promote the innovation of rural financial products and services, focusing on the following three aspects:
First, vigorously promote and popularize financial products that have proved effective in practice. For example, vigorously promote micro-credit loans for farmers and joint loans for farmers, develop micro-credit in rural areas, and comprehensively improve the coverage, satisfaction rate and service efficiency of these financial products and services. These financial products are mature financial products in areas that have been popularized at present, but in many parts of the country, promoting such financial products is also a financial innovation.
Second, according to the new situation of rural development, actively develop and launch some pure innovative financial products suitable for the actual needs of rural areas and farmers. This financial product has never been seen before, and there is an urgent demand in reality. For example, innovate loan guarantee methods and expand the scope of loan collateral; Explore the introduction of mortgage loans for rural land contractual management rights and homestead use rights; Explore the development of agricultural loan guarantee insurance; Explore the issuance of collective bills for agriculture-related SMEs and asset-backed securities for agriculture-related loans; Expand the variety of agricultural futures trading and so on. This is conducive to promoting more financial resources to the countryside.
The third is to accelerate the innovation of rural financial services. For example, promote the "one-stop" service of rural financial supermarkets and guarantee villages for loan officers; Promote new ways of rural financial services such as mobile banking, networking mutual insurance and migrant workers' bank cards; Actively carry out rural financial consulting, agency insurance sales and agriculture-related financial management business. By improving the rural financial service process and recreating the rural financial service model, the vast rural areas and farmers can get more convenient and high-quality modern financial services.
3. What are the basic requirements for comprehensively promoting the innovation of rural financial products and services?
First, we must correctly grasp the principle and direction of comprehensively promoting innovation, and select the key points and breakthroughs of innovation to achieve practical results. Rural financial service is an important link between the party and the government to connect rural areas and farmers. The starting point and end result of comprehensively promoting the innovation of rural financial products and service methods is to comprehensively improve and upgrade the comprehensive service level of rural finance, so that rural areas and farmers can get better financial services, and more financial services are affordable. Therefore, rural financial innovation can't be innovative for innovation's sake, can't be blindly innovative regardless of policy provisions and risks, and can't be fraudulent. It is necessary to adjust measures to local conditions, focus on the financial products and services that rural areas and farmers need most urgently, and strive to find new breakthroughs; We must persist in seeking truth and being pragmatic, persist in risk control and financial sustainability, pay attention to practical results and benefits, do practical things and do practical results, and do practical things and do good things for rural areas and farmers.
Second, promote the innovation of rural financial products, financial services and financial system as a whole. Rural financial innovation should adhere to the organic combination of rural financial product innovation, financial service innovation and rural financial system innovation, make overall plans and promote in an orderly manner. By comprehensively promoting rural financial innovation, we will further promote the development of competitive and dynamic multi-level rural financial markets, further improve the rural financial organization system in which rural policy finance, commercial banks, cooperative finance and folk finance coexist harmoniously, accelerate the construction of a multi-level, wide-coverage, sustainable and low-cost rural financial service system, give full play to the role of financial functions, vigorously support the overall planning of urban and rural development, economic restructuring and transformation of economic development mode, and provide solid financial service guarantee for accelerating the construction of a new socialist countryside.
Third, we should pay attention to strengthening coordination and cooperation among departments, and constantly enhance the internal motivation and policy synergy of rural financial innovation. Promoting the innovation of rural financial products and services in an all-round way is a long-term systematic project, which requires the unremitting efforts of many departments. In the process of comprehensively promoting the innovation of rural financial products and services, financial management departments should pay special attention to actively establishing and improving the inter-departmental coordination mechanism, especially to strengthen the organic coordination of financial policies, industrial policies and fiscal and taxation policies, especially to mobilize and give play to the inherent enthusiasm of financial institutions to promote and participate in rural financial innovation, especially to strengthen the construction of rural financial basic service facilities, rural credit system and financial ecological environment, and the cultivation of financial professionals, so as to continuously enhance the internal incentive, policy synergy and development sustainability of rural financial innovation.
Fourth, we should pay attention to strengthening the basic data statistics, policy propaganda and interpretation and policy effect evaluation of rural financial innovation. It is very important to do a good job in statistics, information and policy publicity and interpretation of rural financial basic data. Financial management departments and financial institutions should earnestly find out the base and lay a solid foundation for innovation. We should pay attention to strengthening the communication and exchange of basic data and information, learn from each other, and timely summarize and exchange good experiences and practices of rural financial innovation; Pay attention to strengthening the investigation, research and thematic analysis of rural finance. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the effect evaluation of rural financial innovation, urge and encourage innovation to achieve new results; Do a good job in publicizing and explaining rural financial innovation policies and correctly guide policy expectations. It is necessary to comprehensively promote the work achievements and typical experience in the process of innovation of rural financial products and service methods through extensive publicity and reports in the news media, create a good environment for innovation public opinion, and let rural financial innovation get more attention and better development.
Four, how to give full play to the positive role of capital market and insurance market in comprehensively promoting the innovation of rural financial products and services?
Capital market and insurance market are playing more and more important roles in rural financial development. Vigorously promoting the product and service model innovation of capital market and insurance market in the field of agricultural financial services is not only an important part of comprehensively promoting the innovation of rural financial products and services, but also plays an important role in promoting, radiating and supporting the innovation of rural credit products and services.
From the perspective of capital market, the key point is to support qualified agriculture-related enterprises to achieve listing financing and refinancing in the stock main board market, small and medium-sized board market and growth enterprise market, and to support qualified agriculture-related enterprises to issue direct financing products such as corporate bonds, short-term financing bonds, medium-term notes, high-yield bonds and convertible bonds through the inter-bank bond market, so as to further broaden the financing channels and sources of agriculture-related enterprises. Since 2009, * * * 14 agriculture-related enterprises have been listed on the SME board and the Growth Enterprise Market, with a total financing of1/kloc-0.88 billion yuan; * * * 8 agricultural listed companies refinanced, with a total financing of 5.47 billion yuan. By the end of June 20 10, 3/kloc-0 agricultural enterprises had issued 60.4 billion yuan of short-term financing bills, 0.79 billion yuan of medium-term bills and 420 million yuan of collective bills for small and medium-sized enterprises through the inter-bank bond market, raising a total of 78.72 billion yuan. Generally speaking, more and more qualified agriculture-related enterprises have entered the capital market and further developed with the help of direct financing products in the capital market. In the process of comprehensively promoting the innovation of rural financial products and services, the CSRC will vigorously strengthen close cooperation with various financial management departments, and as always, actively encourage and support agriculture-related enterprises to further expand the scale of direct financing in the capital market. At the same time, actively encourage and support agricultural products production and operation enterprises to enter the futures market to carry out hedging business, and give full play to the positive role of futures trading mechanism to avoid market risks of agricultural products; Promote futures operating institutions to actively carry out agricultural products business innovation and steadily expand the varieties of agricultural products futures trading. In 2009, the turnover of the national agricultural futures market reached 65.438+0.24 billion lots, and the turnover reached 62.2 trillion yuan. China agricultural futures market has a solid foundation to support the rapid and healthy development of agriculture, countryside and farmers.
From the perspective of insurance market, the key point is to vigorously develop and popularize insurance products and services suitable for rural areas and farmers, continuously expand the coverage of agricultural insurance and agriculture-related insurance, improve the quality of insurance services, and actively promote the construction of rural insurance market system. In recent years, agricultural insurance (divided into planting insurance and aquaculture insurance) and agriculture-related insurance (referring to insurance that directly provides insurance protection for agricultural services, rural areas and farmers in addition to agricultural insurance) have developed rapidly. By the end of 2009, the national agricultural insurance premium income reached 654.38+0.38 billion yuan, and the insurance amount reached 3865.438+0.2 billion yuan, ranking second in the world in terms of premium scale. Agricultural insurance includes farm house insurance and agricultural machinery insurance premium income of 2.52 billion yuan, providing risk protection of/kloc-0.6 trillion yuan, and paying compensation of/kloc-0.64 billion yuan. In promoting the innovation of rural financial products and services in an all-round way, the CIRC will continue to implement the principle of "minimum living allowance and wide coverage", actively promote the development and improvement of rural insurance providers and service networks, continue to expand the coverage and pilot varieties of policy-based agricultural insurance, and accelerate the pilot of rural micro-life insurance and rural micro-loan credit guarantee insurance; At the same time, actively promote the cooperation between banking financial institutions and insurance institutions, support the expansion of rural loan collateral, enhance farmers' loan credit, and expand farmers' financing means (such as personal policy pledge loans, etc.). ), promote the improvement of the decentralized transfer mechanism of agricultural credit risk, pay attention to strengthening the supervision of insurance business and the training of insurance talents, strive to promote the benign interaction between urban insurance market and rural insurance market, and form a new pattern of coordinated development of urban and rural insurance markets.