Question 2: How many tons of solid asphalt is 0.03 cubic meter?
Question 3: Density of petroleum asphalt Petroleum asphalt is an organic cementing material, which is solid, semi-solid or viscous liquid at room temperature. The color is brown or dark brown. Because of its complex chemical composition, components with similar physical and chemical properties are often grouped into several groups, which are called components. Different components have different effects on asphalt properties.
Asphalt is usually divided into three components: oil, gum and asphaltene. In addition, asphalt often contains a certain amount of solid paraffin.
1 oil content
It is the lightest component in asphalt, with a light yellow to reddish brown color and a density of 0.7 ~ 1g/cm3. It is soluble in most organic solvents, such as acetone, benzene and chloroform. , but insoluble in alcohol. In petroleum asphalt, the content is 40% ~ 60%. Oil makes asphalt fluid.
2 resin
It is a dark brown or reddish brown viscous substance with a density slightly higher than 1g/cm3. It can be dissolved in gasoline, chloroform, benzene and other organic solvents, but its solubility in acetone and alcohol is very low. The content of petroleum asphalt is 15% ~ 30%. It makes petroleum asphalt plastic and cohesive.
3 asphaltene
It is a solid substance with a density greater than 1g/cm3, and it is black. Insoluble in gasoline and alcohol, but soluble in carbon disulfide and chloroform. The content of petroleum asphalt is 10% ~ 30%. It determines the temperature stability and viscosity of petroleum asphalt.
4 solid paraffin
It will reduce the cohesiveness, plasticity, temperature stability and heat resistance of asphalt. Because the wax in asphalt oil is a harmful component, chlorine salt treatment, high temperature oxygen blowing and solvent dewaxing are often used.
The composition of petroleum asphalt is unstable. Under the influence of sunshine, air, water and other external factors, the composition will continue to evolve, oil and gum will gradually decrease, and asphaltene will gradually increase. This evolution process is called asphalt aging. After aging, the fluidity and plasticity of asphalt become worse, and the brittleness increases, which makes asphalt lose its waterproof and anticorrosive function.
Question 4: What is the density of petroleum asphalt? 1 150 ~ 1250kg/m2。
Question 5: What is the density of asphalt concrete? SMA 13 2.46 tons/m3 AC 16 2.43 tons/m3 AC20 2.44 tons/m3 AC25 2.45 tons/m3.
Question 6: What is the specific gravity of soft asphalt? Petroleum asphalt is the product of crude oil processing. It is a black or dark brown viscous liquid, semi-solid or solid at room temperature, mainly containing hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon derivatives soluble in organic solvent chloroform. Its nature and composition vary with the source and production method of crude oil. It is a waterproof, moisture-proof and anticorrosive organic cementing material, which is mainly used in paint, plastic, rubber and other industries and paving roads.
Asphalt can be divided into coking coal asphalt, petroleum asphalt and natural asphalt according to its source.
coal tar pitch
Coal tar pitch comes from the by-product of coking, that is, the black substance left in the still after tar distillation. It is just different from refined tar in physical properties, and there is no obvious boundary. Generally, it is bounded by asphalt with softening point of 26.7℃, tar below it and asphalt above 26.7℃. Coal tar pitch mainly contains anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene, which are difficult to volatilize. These organic substances are toxic, and coal tar pitch has different properties because of its different components. The change of temperature has a great influence on coal tar pitch, which is easy to crack in winter and soften in summer. After heating to 260℃ for 5 hours, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene and other components contained in it will volatilize. Coal tar pitch is mainly used for anticorrosive coatings.
Oil asphalt
Petroleum asphalt is the residue after crude oil distillation. Depending on the degree of refining, it will become liquid, semi-solid or solid at room temperature. Petroleum asphalt is black and shiny, and has high temperature sensitivity. Because it has been distilled to more than 400℃ in the production process, it contains few volatile components, but there may still be high molecular hydrocarbons that have not volatilized, which is more or less harmful to human health. Petroleum asphalt is mainly composed of oil, gum and asphaltene, and also contains 2%-3% pitch carbon, carbon-like substances and wax. Oil and gum in asphalt can penetrate asphaltene. The structure of asphalt takes asphaltene as the core, and absorbs part of colloid and oil to form micelles. It is mainly used as infrastructure materials, raw materials and fuel. This No.70 Grade A road petroleum asphalt is listed on the Shanghai Futures Exchange.
asphalt
Natural asphalt is stored underground, and some of it forms ore beds or accumulates on the surface of the earth's crust. Natural asphalt is generally formed by various physical and chemical actions, and its toxicity is very small. According to the different solubility of carbon dioxide (CO2) in natural asphalt, it can be divided into asphalt ore and coke asphalt. Bitumen ore is a kind of asphalt that can be almost completely dissolved in carbon dioxide, while coke asphalt is almost insoluble in carbon dioxide. Because of its high quality, natural asphalt is usually mixed with other asphalts and can also be used to prepare anticorrosive paint.
Performance of asphalt
Cohesion-the ability to resist deformation is the viscosity of asphalt. High-grade roads, high-temperature and heavy-load traffic in summer use high-consistency asphalt; Asphalt with low consistency should be selected for roads with cold winter and low traffic volume.
Temperature sensitivity-the sensitivity of viscosity to temperature changes. The characterization indexes are softening point and penetration index (PI).
Durability-quality change of asphalt after aging, residual penetration ratio, residual ductility (10℃ or 5℃), etc.
Plasticity-the ability to deform without being damaged by external force, reflects the ability of asphalt to resist cracking. Change it to 10℃ ductility or 15℃ ductility.
In areas with low temperature or large temperature difference in winter, asphalt with large low temperature ductility is needed, which is safe.
The above contents are compiled according to the problems encountered by the students in their actual work for reference. If in doubt, please communicate and correct in time.
Question 7: What is the bulk density of asphalt concrete? About 20.0KN/m3.
Question 8: What is the density of asphalt at 160 degrees? Asphalt can be obtained from pine oil and tar, and also exists in mineral form. Asphalt thickens when heated and hardens when cooled. In ancient times, it was used for building and caulking. To obtain asphalt, wood must be burned into charcoal and wood tar must be collected from embers. In Mesopotamia, mineral asphalt basically exists in pure form and can be collected from surface sediments. There are also such deposits in Palestine.
Sumerians use asphalt, and Palestinian residents also use asphalt. During the excavation of the city of Jericho, a pile of brick walls bonded with asphalt was found, dating from about 2500 BC to 2 100 BC. Asphalt is actually mainly used to make gypsum. Babylonians generally used asphalt as a binder when making bricks; People in the valley of India (about 2500 ~ 2200 BC) also used asphalt in this way. It is often mixed with sintered bricks and plant fibers to increase its strength. In addition to protecting brick houses, it is also used for thermal insulation or as a moisture-proof layer. The ancients built a bridge on the Euphrates River, and the pier surface was coated with asphalt to prevent corrosion.
In ancient times, another main use of this substance was to make ships watertight: Ghirga Messi of Babylon and Noah, the corresponding figure in the Bible, carefully coated the inner and outer layers of their ships with asphalt. Similarly, Moses was able to reach the daughter of the Egyptian Pharaoh safely because the papyrus cradle he was riding on was treated with asphalt before being thrown into the river. Where there is no natural asphalt, people use wood tar to distort the seams of ships. For example, Viking ships from the 8th century to10th century used wood tar treated ropes to twist the joints.
Now, the main use of asphalt is paving the road. Asphalt was probably first used for this purpose in Babylon, where it was used as an adhesive to pave the way for people to March. At present, asphalt roads are paved with asphalt and stones, and then leveled with a roller. Although Macadam gave this method a name with his own surname, he advocated paving with gravel instead of pressing it tightly with adhesive. In fact, asphalt subgrade was invented by Telford (1757 ~ 1834).
There are two kinds of asphalt: natural asphalt and artificial asphalt. The density is generally around 1. 15- 1.25, and it is shiny. When the temperature is low enough, it becomes brittle, flat and shell-shaped. Good adhesion, water resistance and corrosion resistance. Its label can be specified according to its softening point, penetration and ductility. Low softening point soft asphalt, medium asphalt and high asphalt. Used in paint, plastic, rubber and other industries, as well as auxiliary pavement construction.
Asphalt is a mixture with no fixed melting temperature, so it has no melting point. The general index is softening point, which varies with different components. The softening point of distilled petroleum asphalt is greater than 100℃, and the penetration is about 90-200.
The specific heat capacity of asphalt is liquid 1.34kJ/(kg? ℃) solid 1.67kJ/(kg? ℃)
Question 9: What is the density of AC13 asphalt concrete? The standard density of fine-grained asphalt concrete is given in the budget quota of highway engineering in China, so as to calculate the dosage of fine-grained materials in the quota and the conversion between volume and weight. The norm stipulates that the standard density of fine-grained asphalt concrete is 2.35 1g/cm3, which means that one cubic meter of fine-grained asphalt concrete is about 2.351t.
The dosage of asphalt concrete (AC- 13C) can be determined according to the provisions of China highway engineering budget quota:
According to the budget quota of highway engineering, the density of AC- 13 is 2.35 1g/cm3, and the asphalt-aggregate ratio is 5.22%.
100M3 materials required for asphalt pavement are:
Asphalt122.536t; ;
Sha 471.22m3; ;
Mineral powder128.404t; ;
Stone chips 261.18m3;
Coarse aggregate is 723.22m3
Asphalt concrete, commonly known as asphalt concrete, is a mineral material with a certain gradation, such as crushed stone or gravel, stone chips or sand, mineral powder and so on. It is mixed with a certain proportion of road asphalt materials under strictly controlled conditions.