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Main potato varieties in the United States in recent 200 years
The main potato varieties in the United States have remained basically unchanged in the past two hundred years.

Potato is a perennial herb of Solanaceae and the fourth largest food crop in the world after wheat, rice and corn. Potatoes are also called potato, potato head, sweet potato, potato, potato and so on. (Shanxi Datong area is also called yam).

In some southern provinces, it is also called "winter potato" because it is often planted in winter after autumn rice harvest. Potatoes have different names in different countries, such as Irish potatoes in the United States, Dutch potatoes in Russia, French apples, German pears, Italian potatoes and Baba in Peru. Together with wheat, rice, corn and sorghum, it is called the five major crops in the world.

Potato tuber contains a lot of starch, which can provide abundant calories for human body, and is rich in protein, amino acids, vitamins and minerals, especially its vitamin content is the most complete among all food crops. In Europe and America, especially in North America, potatoes have long been the second staple food.

Potatoes are native to the Andes in South America, and the history of artificial cultivation can be traced back to southern Peru from about 8000 BC to 5000 BC. The main potato producers are China, Russian, Indian, Ukrainian and American. China is the country with the largest potato output in the world.