1, position limit system
The position limit system refers to the system that the futures exchange restricts the positions of members and customers in order to prevent the manipulation of market prices and the excessive concentration of futures market risks on a few investors. If the amount exceeds the limit, the exchange may, as necessary, forcibly close the position or increase the margin ratio.
2. Large reporting system
The large-sum declaration system means that when the speculative position of a member or customer's position contract reaches more than 80% (inclusive) of the position limit stipulated by the exchange, the member or customer should declare his capital and position to the exchange, and the customer can declare it through the brokerage member. The large household declaration system is another system closely related to the position limit system to prevent large households from manipulating market prices and control market risks.
3. Physical transmission system
The physical delivery system refers to the system formulated by the exchange. When the futures contract expires, both parties to the transaction transfer the ownership of the goods contained in the futures contract according to the regulations, and settle the open contract.
4. Margin system
In futures trading, any trader must pay a certain proportion (usually 5- 10%) of the value of the futures contract he buys and sells as the fund guarantee for the performance of the futures contract, and then he can participate in the futures contract trading and decide whether to add funds according to the price change.
This system is the deposit system, and the funds paid are the deposit. The margin system not only embodies the unique "leverage effect" of futures trading, but also becomes an important means for the exchange to control the risk of futures trading.
5. Daily settlement system
The settlement of futures trading is organized by the exchange. The futures exchange implements a daily debt-free settlement system, also known as "marking the market day by day", that is, after the daily trading, the exchange will settle the profits and losses, trading deposits, handling fees, taxes and other expenses of all contracts according to the settlement price of the day, and at the same time transfer accounts receivable and accounts payable, and increase or decrease the settlement reserve of members accordingly.
The settlement of futures trading is classified, that is, exchange settlement members and futures brokerage companies settle customers. After daily settlement, the futures exchange can withdraw funds directly the next day after the opening, while the stock market sells shares on the same day, and the funds need to be withdrawn the next day (except Saturday and Sunday).
Extended data:
Transaction characteristics:
1, bidirectional
One of the biggest differences between futures trading and stock market is that futures can be traded in both directions, and futures can be long or short. When the price rises, you can buy low and sell high, and when the price falls, you can sell high and buy low. Going long can make money, and shorting can also make money, so there is no bear market in futures. In a bear market, the stock market will be suppressed, while the futures market will remain unchanged and opportunities will still exist. )
2, the cost is low
Futures trading countries do not levy stamp duty and other taxes, and the only cost is the transaction fee. The procedures of the three domestic exchanges are about two ten thousandths or three ten thousandths, plus the additional fees of brokers, and the unilateral handling fee is less than one thousandth of the transaction amount. Low cost is the guarantee of success.
3. Leverage
Leverage principle is the charm of futures investment. Futures market transactions do not need to pay all the funds, and domestic futures transactions only need to pay 5% margin to obtain future trading rights. Due to the use of margin, the original market has been enlarged ten times.
Assuming that the daily limit of copper price closes on a certain day (the daily limit in futures is only 3% of the settlement price of the previous trading day), the operation is correct. The return on capital is as high as 60%(3%÷5%), which is six times the daily limit of the stock market. (You can make money only if you have the opportunity)
Step 4 double the chance
Futures is a "T+0" transaction, which makes your capital use to the extreme. After grasping the trend, you can close your position at any time. (Convenient access can increase the security of investment)
5, greater than the negative market
Futures is a zero-sum market, and the futures market itself does not create profits. In a certain period of time, regardless of the transaction costs of capital entry and exit, the total amount of funds in the futures market remains unchanged, and the profits of market participants come from the losses of another trader.
The stock market has entered a bear market, the market price has shrunk dramatically, the dividends are meager, the state and enterprises absorb funds, and there is no short-selling mechanism. The total amount of funds in the stock market will show negative growth for a period of time, and the total profit is less than the loss. (Zero is always greater than a negative number)
The comprehensive policy of the country, the needs of economic development and the characteristics of futures all determine that futures have huge development space. The full name of stock index futures is stock price index futures.
Also known as stock index futures and futures index, it refers to standardized futures contracts with stock index as the target. Both parties agree that the stock index can be determined in advance at a certain date in the future.
The index of the transaction target. As a type of futures trading, stock index futures trading has basically the same characteristics and processes as ordinary commodity futures trading.
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