Petrochemical industry refers to the whole processing industry that produces petroleum products and chemical products with petroleum and natural gas as raw materials, including crude oil and natural gas mining and petroleum product sales, and is one of the pillar industries in China. Generally speaking, the petroleum and petrochemical industry can be divided into: petroleum exploitation, petroleum refining, petrochemical industry, chemical products and fertilizer industry.
"Petroleum exploitation" refers to the process of extracting crude oil and natural gas from underground and separating crude oil and natural gas. "Petroleum refining" refers to the process of processing crude oil into gasoline, diesel oil, kerosene, naphtha, heavy oil and other petroleum products. "Petrochemical" refers to the process of processing petroleum products and petrochemical intermediates into petrochemical intermediates.
And "chemical products" refers to the process of processing petrochemical intermediates into products. "Fertilizer industry" refers to the process of synthesizing fertilizer from petroleum products. Each process has its own functions and characteristics. The specific classification and characteristics are as follows:
The petroleum industry includes global exploration, exploitation, refining, transportation (usually through tankers and pipelines) and sales of petroleum products. Petroleum is also the raw material of many chemical products, including medicines, fluxes, fertilizers and plastics. Industry is usually divided into three main parts: upstream, midstream and downstream. The midstream is usually included in the downstream.
Extended data
Price formation mechanism of petrochemical products
1, the process of price transfer
In view of the widespread existence of "intermediates" in chemical industry and the lack of spot market for trading "intermediates" in China. Therefore, the price formation process of China Petrochemical terminal products is complicated, and it is often influenced by upstream price monopoly.
The industrial chain diagram shows the main links of the petrochemical industrial chain, and the prices of the end products of the industrial chain are formed through the processing links of their respective industrial chains.
Aromatic hydrocarbons can also come from catalytic reforming of petroleum light fractions. Light fractions of petroleum and natural gas can be converted into synthetic gas by steam, and heavy oil can be partially oxidized to produce synthetic ammonia and methanol.
Trienes can react with inorganic products to obtain "intermediates", including PE, EG, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylonitrile, caprolactam, p-xylene and so on. , that is, raw materials for the production of synthetic resin, synthetic rubber and other products.
Usually, the formation of price is mainly dominated by two factors: one is consumption, and the other is cost. The process and effect of price transmission are also very different between these two types.
(A) consumption-driven type
Under the influence of consumption and downstream demand growth, prices began to rise. At this time, the marginal profit of processing links also increases, which in turn drives the price of raw materials to rise. This process is repeated in every processing link of the industrial chain until it is transmitted to the source of the industrial chain. A link is blocked, especially in the link where the production capacity is far greater than the output or demand.
(B) cost-driven
In the case of cost-driven, the price of raw materials at the source of the industrial chain rises first, and as a result, it is required to transfer the increased cost of raw materials to the price of products in this processing link. This process is repeated in every processing link of the industrial chain until the final product is transmitted to the end of the industrial chain. The difference is that the push of cost is not as smooth as the pull of demand.
Consumption atrophy
Contrary to the above two situations, it is the transmission process when consumption shrinks and costs fall. Consumption shrank, products began to accumulate, and enterprises began to cut production, which led to the decline of raw material prices in this processing link. This process is gradually transmitted to the upstream, eventually forcing the price of products at the source of the industrial chain to fall back. Upstream products may be the upstream of other industrial chains.
cut the cost
For downstream enterprises, the decline in raw material costs is a good thing. It can not only improve the processing profit, but also reduce the product price and expand the market. However, in the whole transmission process of cost reduction, it is difficult for processing enterprises to deal with it. Faced with the ever-decreasing price of raw materials, enterprises are facing losses no matter what price they buy.
Baidu encyclopedia-petroleum and petrochemical industry