1. Conduct risk demonstration carefully before investing.
Before investing, we should fully understand and master all kinds of information through various channels, and analyze all kinds of risks that the investment object may bring from both macro and micro aspects.
From a macro perspective, it is necessary to accurately analyze the changes of various political, economic and social factors; Understand the cyclical characteristics of economic operation and the changing trends of various macroeconomic policies, especially fiscal policies and monetary policies; Pay attention to the change of bank interest rate and the change of various factors affecting interest rate, such as inflation rate, unemployment rate and other indicators.
From the microscopic point of view, we should not only grasp the national industrial policy as a whole, but also analyze the various factors that affect the price changes of national debt or corporate debt. For investors of corporate bonds, they need to know the credit rating, management level, market share of products, development prospects, financial indicators and so on.
In addition, we should further understand and master the following conditions of the bond market: trading rules, market size, investor composition, basic economic and psychological conditions, market operation characteristics and so on.
2. Formulate various investment strategies that can avoid risks.
(1) The bond investment period is stepped. The so-called term ladder means that investors spread their funds into bonds with different maturities. Investors often hold short-term, medium-term and long-term bonds. No matter when it expires, there are always some bonds that are about to expire. When the bonds expire, they invest their money in the longest-term securities. Suppose an investor has a capital of 654.38+10,000 yuan, and he uses 20,000 yuan to buy various bonds of 1 year, 2-year, 3-year, 4-year and 5-year respectively. In this way, he has 20,000 yuan of bonds due every year, and then buys 5-year bonds after the funds are recovered, and so on. This method is simple and easy to operate, which enables investors to use and allocate funds in a planned way.
(2) Diversification of bond investment types. The so-called diversification means that investors invest their own funds in various bonds, such as government bonds, corporate bonds and financial bonds. The returns and risks of various bonds are different. If you concentrate your funds on a bond, it may have various adverse consequences. For example, if you spend all your money on buying government bonds, although this kind of investment behavior is very safe and the risk is very low, because the interest rate of government bonds is relatively low, investors will lose the high income they can get from investing in corporate bonds. If all the funds are invested in high-yield low-grade corporate bonds, the income may be high, but it lacks security, and it is likely to encounter operational risks and default risks. In the end, the promise of high income may become empty talk. Diversification of investment types can achieve the purpose of dispersing risks and stabilizing returns.
③ Short-term bond investment period. The so-called short-term means that investors will invest all their funds in short-term securities. This investment method is more suitable for current corporate investors in China. Because the long-term funds that most units in China can control are very limited, they can only use some temporarily idle funds for securities investment. Taking short-term maturity can not only make bonds highly liquid, but also obtain higher returns than bank deposits. Due to the short term of the bonds invested, once the enterprise needs funds, it can be quickly transferred to meet the needs of production and operation. This investment method can maintain the liquidity and flexibility of funds.
3. Use various effective investment methods and techniques.
(a) the use of treasury bonds futures trading for hedging. Treasury bond futures hedging transaction is very effective for avoiding interest rate risk in treasury bond investment. Treasury bond futures trading means that when investors buy or sell treasury bonds in the financial market, they conduct a forward transaction of the same type of bonds at the same time, and then use long-short trading skills flexibly to hedge the two transactions at an appropriate time, and offset or partially offset the gains and losses of spot trading within the relevant period with the gains and losses of futures trading, thus avoiding or reducing the interest rate risk of treasury bond investment.
(2) accurately calculate the investment income and use it as the basis for investment decision. The calculation of investment income is sometimes very complicated and must be carried out accurately.