Why is there no free lunch in Zhang's Preface?
Liang Foreword thinks like an economist.
order
The first chapter is the thinking mode of economics.
1. 1 understanding order
1.2 the importance of social cooperation
1.3 How did all this happen?
1.4 intellectual tools-skills of economists
1.5 mutual adjustment and cooperation
1.6 Rules of the game
Property rights as rules of the game.
1.8 Deviation of Economic Theory: Shortcomings or Advantages?
1.9 Prejudice or conclusion?
No theory is a bad theory.
Brief review
Problems and discussions
Chapter II Efficiency, Exchange and Comparative Advantage
2. 1 Good things and bad things
2.2 The mystery of material wealth
2.3 Trade creates wealth
2.4 Is it worth it? Efficiency and value
2.5 Learn to weigh: compare the opportunity cost of production
2.6 Benefit from specialization and communication
2.7 Why specialization?
2.8 From interpersonal trade to international trade, and then to interpersonal trade.
2.9 Transaction costs
2. 10 Motivation to reduce transaction costs: middlemen
2. 1 1 Intermediary creates information
2. 12 market as the discovery process
Further reading: economic growth: specialization, exchange and legal system
Brief review
Problems and discussions
Chapter 3 ubiquitous substitution: the concept of demand
3. 1 About "Need"
3.2 Marginal value
3.3 Daily choice is marginal choice.
3.4 Demand curve
3.5 Law of Demand
3.6 Demand and demand
3.7 The demand itself will change.
3.8 Everything depends on other things.
3.9 The wrong feeling caused by inflation
Time is on our side.
3. 1 1 Price elasticity of demand
3. 12 flexible thinking
3. 13 Elasticity and Total Income
3. 14 The riddle of vertical demand
3. 15 All scarce commodities must be distributed in some way.
Is only money important? Monetary costs, other costs and accounting
Brief review
Problems and discussions
Chapter IV Opportunity Cost and Commodity Gift
4. 1 opportunity cost review
4.2 Cost is related to behavior, not things.
4.3 What should we do now? The irrelevance of "sunk cost"
4.4 Producer cost as opportunity cost
4.5 Marginal opportunity cost
4.6 Cost and Supply
4.7 Supply curve
4.8 The supply itself will also change
4.9 Marginal Cost and Average Cost
4. 10 volunteer fee
4. 1 1 supply price elasticity
4. 12 cost proof
Brief review
Problems and discussions
The fifth chapter demand put forward (a)
5. 1 Market is a bidding process.
5.2 Transaction costs, again.
5.3 Property right and system
5.4 Coordination of currency prices
5.5 Basic Process
5.6 Competition, Cooperation and Market Clearing
5.7 Changing market conditions
5.8 Credit market
5.9 Competition stems from scarcity
5. 10 surplus and scarcity
5. 1 1 market process and central planning
Further reading: time preference and interest rate
Brief review
Problems and discussions
Chapter VI Requirements Presentation (Part II)
6. 1 impulse price limit
6.2 Competition when the price is fixed
6.3 Correct signal and error signal
6.4 Looking for a house in the city? Read the obituary!
6.5 Spirits and Drugs: Motive of Crime
6.6 Skim milk, whole milk and milk merchants
6.7 Maintain prices and excess
6.8 Supply, Demand and Minimum Wage
6.9 Who is paying taxes?
6. 10 high-priced sports, low-priced poetry: whose sin?
6. 1 1 Does cost determine the price?
6. 12 The Quitter released its first record.
6. 13 "There is gold in the mountains!" So what?
6. 14 Even the butcher has no courage.
6. 15 Why is it so expensive to change the bedpan?
6. 16 a little more, it's free anyway.
Cost and ownership
Extended reading: correctly expressing economic problems
Brief review
Problems and discussions
Chapter VII Profit and Loss
7. 1 Salary, rent and interest: income predetermined in the contract.
7.2 Profit: positive or negative income.
7.3 Calculating profit: What should the cost include?
7.4 Comparison of Economic Profit and Accounting Profit
7.5 Uncertainty: A Necessary Condition for Profitability
7.6 entrepreneurs
7.7 Entrepreneurs with Residual Claims
7.8 Where does the responsibility end?
7.9 Non-profit organizations
7. 10 Entrepreneur and Market
7. 1 1 Is it just luck?
7. 12 Profit and loss as a signal of coordination: the role of monetary measurement
7. 13 Various speculations
7. 14 results of commercial speculation
7. 15 commodity speculators and futures markets
7. 16 Prophet and loss
Beware of experts
7. 18 Competition restrictions
7. 19 Competition in other fields
7.20 Competition for Key Resources
7.2 1 Competition and property rights
Extended reading: discount and present value
Brief review
Problems and discussions
Chapter VIII Competition and Monopoly
8. 1 Who can be called a monopolist?
8.2 Other options, flexibility and market forces
8.3 Privileges and restrictions
8.4 Price Recipients and Price Seekers
8.5 "Optimal" allocation of market and resources of price recipients
8.6 Competition Process
Brief review
Problems and discussions
Chapter 9 Looking for Price
9. 1 Popular theory of pricing
9.2 Ed Sack debuted
9.3 The Basic Law of Maximizing Net Income
9.4 The concept of marginal revenue
9.5 Why is the marginal revenue lower than the price?
9.6 Let marginal revenue equal marginal cost
9.7 What about those empty seats?
9.8 The Dilemma of Discriminating Price Makers
9.9 Schools as Price Seekers
9. 10 Some price discrimination strategies
9. 1 1 Ed Sack found a way.
9. 12 dissatisfaction and its explanation
9. 13 lunch price and dinner price
Rethinking cost plus
Brief review
Problems and discussions
Chapter X Competition and Government Policy
The pressure of competition
10.2 control competition
10.3 duality of government policies
10.4 Sales below cost
10.5 what is the appropriate cost?
10.6 "Predator" and Competition
10.7 price control
10.8 "anti-monopoly" policy
10.9 interpretation and application
10. 10 Vertical restriction: competition or anti-competition.
10. 1 1 selection range
10. 12 for evaluation.
Brief review
Problems and discussions
Chapter I XI Income Distribution
1 1. 1 supply and demand sides
1 1.2 Capital and human resources
1 1.3 human capital and investment
1 1.4 property rights and income
1 1.5 Actual rights, legal rights and moral rights
1 1.6 Expectation and investment
1 1.7 man or machine?
The demand for productive services comes from 1 1.8.
1 1.9 Who is competing with whom?
1 1. 10 trade unions and competition
1 1. 1 poverty and imbalance
1 1. 12 Why did the imbalance increase?
1 1. 13 Income redistribution
1 1. 14 Rule change and social cooperation
Brief review
Problems and discussions
Chapter XII Externality and Conflict of Rights
12. 1 positive and negative externalities
Perfection is unattainable
12.3 negotiation
12.4 reducing externalities through adjudication
Complaining homeowner
The importance of precedent
12.7 problems caused by drastic changes
Reduce externalities through legislation.
Minimize costs.
12. 10 another way: levy emission tax.
12. 1 1 pollutant discharge permit?
Efficiency and fairness +02. 12
12. 13 bubble method
12. 14 social problems caused by rights and pollution
Traffic congestion is an externality.
Brief review
Problems and discussions
Chapter XIII Market and Government
13. 1 private and public
Competition and individualism
13.3 economic theory and government behavior
The right to take coercive measures.
13.5 is it necessary for the government?
13.6 exclude those who don't pay.
13.7 hitchhiking problem
13.8 positive externalities and hitchhiking
13.9 law and order
13. 10 national defense
13. 1 1 roads and schools
13. 12 Income redistribution
13. 13 voluntary transaction management
Government and public interest
Information and democratic government
13. 16 interests of elected officials
13. 17 Concentrate income and spread costs.
Positive externalities and government policies.
How do people identify public interests?
13.20 prisoner's dilemma
13.2438+0 Limitations of Political System
Brief review
Problems and discussions
Chapter XIV Overall Performance of the Economic System
14. 1 GDP
14.2 GDP or GNP?
14.3 GDP as the total income created by domestic economy.
14.4 GDP is not an indicator to measure all purchases in the economy.
14.5 GDP is the total added value.
14.6 Is the added value always positive?
14.7 scattered problem: unsold inventory and second-hand goods.
14.8 total amount fluctuation
14.9 inflation
14. 10 monetary measurement problem
Economic recession and inflation since14.11960
14. 12 What caused the overall fluctuation?
Extended reading: the limitation of national income accounting
Brief review
Problems and discussions
Chapter XV Employment and Unemployment
Unemployment and non-employment
15.2 employment, non-employment and unemployment
15.3 labor market decision-making
15.4 unemployment rate and employment rate
15.5 cost and decision
Unemployment and economic recession
15.7 why is unemployment deeply rooted?
15.8 Phillips curve
15.9 reducing unemployment rate through illusion: inflation and misleading labor force
15. 10 labor market policy
Brief review
Problems and discussions
Chapter XVI Money Supply
16. 1 cigarettes as money
16.2 currency evolution
16.3 the story of legal tender
The essence of money today
16.5 How much currency is there in the market?
16.6 currency manufacturing
Anything that can be made can be destroyed.
16.8 Credit and trust
16.9 controlled banks: statutory deposit reserve system
The Federal Reserve is the supervisor and the rule enforcer.
16. 1 1 feeding tools
16. 12 discount rate
16. 13 open market operation
16. 14 but who is really in charge?
Further reading: What about gold?
Brief review
Problems and discussions
Chapter XVII Monetary Policy and Fiscal Policy
the Great Depression
17.2 miracle Japanese economy
What will happen during the recession?
17.4 error group
17.5 mismanagement and currency calculation errors
17.6 currency equilibrium
17.7 Money demand
17.8 why do people hold money balances?
17.9 actual currency balance and expected currency balance
17. 10 How stable is the money demand?
17. 1 1 monetary policy practice
17. 12 when will the monetary policy take effect?
17. 13 fiscal policy
17. 14 the necessity of properly grasping the opportunity
Federal Budget as a Policy Tool
17. 16 unfinished business
Brief review
Problems and discussions
Chapter 18 Economic Performance and Political Economy
18. 1 political environment
18.2 term and series effects
18.3 Infinite deficit
Why not governments at all levels?
18.5 Political Economy of Monetary Policy
18.6 discretion and rules
18.7 who's in charge?
A new round of debate
What will happen in the future?
Brief review
Problems and discussions
Chapter XIX National Policies and International Trade
19. 1 Explanation of international trade
19.2 why does the lender have to be equal to the borrower?
19.3 balance and imbalance
19.4 international imbalances are vague
19.5 imbalance is a disguised policy judgment.
However, will this situation last forever?
19.7 foreign exchange rate and purchasing power parity
Bretton Woods System
19.9 fixed exchange rate or floating exchange rate?
19. 10 is unknown.
19. 1 1 What we already know.
19. 12 Common currencies
19. 13 personal interests, national interests and public interests
19. 14 defending comparative advantage
Globalization and its dissatisfaction
The power of public opinion
The power of special interest groups
19. 18 outsourcing dispute: reproduction and analysis of original sound
Brief review
Problems and discussions
Chapter 20 Promoting Economic Growth
20. 1 Who is rich and who is poor?
20.2 Historical records
20.3 the source of economic growth
20.4 Foreign investment
20.5 Human capital
20.6 Oil comes from our minds.
20.7 Economic Freedom Index
20.8 the development of private property rights
20.9 Asian record
20. 10 Outside Asia
Extended reading: the difficulty of GDP comparison among countries
Brief review
Problems and discussions
Chapter 2 1 Limitations of Economics
2 1. 1 What do economists know?
2 1.2 is not just economics.
Important vocabulary
Economics of post-translation memory formula
Postscript: another classic