The legend of the long summer solar terms 1 the origin of the long summer solar terms.
Every year around the first day of April (between May 5 and 6 of Gregorian calendar), when the sun reaches 45 degrees of the Yellow Meridian, it is the long summer solar term of the lunar calendar. "Sinus refers to the southeast, Wei refers to the long summer, and everything grows here, so it is named long summer." At this time, the longitude of the sun is 45 degrees. Astronomically, Chang Xia said that bidding farewell to spring is the beginning of summer days.
In ancient China, the long summer was divided into three periods: "First, waiting for the cricket's cry;" Second, wait for the earthworm to appear; Wait for Wang Guasheng. " That is to say, in this solar term, you can first hear kangaroos (that is, crickets) croaking in the field (that is, frogs), then you can see earthworms digging in the soil, and then the vines of the king melon begin to climb and grow rapidly.
The day to welcome summer is to build summer. At this time, everything is thriving. After the long summer, it is another hot summer. In order not to lose weight in hot summer, people often take supplements in the long summer to make their bodies strong.
Long summer farming
Frogs generally live in places with water, especially near rice fields and ponds. Frogs can not only eat small creatures in the water, but also enjoy the cool under the straw. They can also look up and devour insects flying in the fields. When they are full, frogs will play drums and sing with insects and birds in the tree. Earthworms crawl around the wetlands in the fields from time to time, and the wild king melons grow up and mature in the weeds, so they can be picked and eaten. If spring is a healthy season, then summer is a long season. Animals and plants on the earth have entered a period of vigorous growth. The temperature has risen sharply all over the country, and the rainfall has also increased significantly. The early rice in the south has tillered, and the rape has seeded and is about to mature. Winter wheat in the northern region is also flowering and filling. Spring-sown crops such as soybeans, corn, sorghum, millet and cotton have emerged one after another. Agricultural products are growing vigorously, and field management is becoming increasingly busy. "Three dynasties are long and summer is everywhere". At this time, weeding can not only loosen the soil to prevent water evaporation, but also weed the fields. Therefore, there is an agricultural proverb "Don't hoe for one day, don't hoe for three days".
"Long summer sowing cotton, no bumps and firewood", the cotton planting season has passed. It's just the seedling stage of cotton. At this time, it is necessary to check the seedlings, replenish the seedlings, cultivate the seedlings in the middle, and pay attention to timely watering and irrigation. For the main grain crop wheat, special attention should be paid to field management at this time, especially to prevent the occurrence of "Mai Hanxiu". In terms of planting, we can plant sweet potatoes and grow summer sowing sesame seeds before and after the long summer, because "farming in the long summer"-planting crops will grow at this time, so we should plant suitable crops in time.
In most parts of southern China, weeds and diseases and insect pests also spread rapidly due to the vigorous growth of crops. Long summer, where Hakka people live, has completely entered summer. The weather is hot, people lose their appetite and start to lose weight, which is called "dry summer". However, after the long summer, it is the farming era that needs manpower most. People hope to stay healthy through the long summer. On the other hand, people with poor health and weak resistance are vulnerable to diseases caused by germs. People began to take time off for the summer and pay attention to their diet. When people eat some food in the long summer, they often pin their good wishes on praying for peace and getting rich.
Wheat is planted in the north of China, and the long summer is the prosperous season of wheat. Therefore, in most parts of the north, people are used to making and eating pasta in the long summer to celebrate the wheat harvest. Most Hakkas come from Heluo area and have the habit of eating noodles. After coming to a remote mountain village, influenced by local customs, I changed my eating habits to rice, and gradually formed my own unique pasta.
There are many legends about the origin of "calling people" in the long summer solar terms. One of them is that when Zhu Yuanzhang rose up at the end of Yuan Dynasty, his general Chang Yuchun was unfortunately captured alive by the Yuan Army in a battle. Zhu Yuanzhang was worried when he heard the news, and he learned that Chang Yuchun had been put in prison after asking for information.
In order to save Chang Yuchun's life, Zhu Yuanzhang sent someone to buy off the generals of the Yuan Army and bribed the jailer's son through friends, so that they could treat Chang Yuchun well and not let him suffer. As the saying goes, "Money makes the mare go" and "You are soft-spoken and soft-hearted", the generals and jailers of the Yuan army have long seen the fatigue of the Yuan Dynasty and worried that there is no way to please Zhu Yuanzhang. How dare they suffer for Chang Yuchun? But how did Zhu Can know that Chang Yuchun was treated well in prison? It's not right. Zhu Yuanzhang will win the world in the future, but he will destroy Jiuzu!
The wife of the jailer's son asked her husband why he was so sad for days on end. After listening to her husband's story about Chang Yuchun, the wife smiled and said, "It's not easy. You weigh Chang Yuchun first, and then feed him with good wine and meat. As long as he is not thin, it means that he did not suffer in prison. "
The next day, Gaotoujin really called Chang Yuchun as his wife said, which happened to be long summer. After that, the old man Jin waited for Chang Yuchun with good wine and vegetable fields every day, for fear that he would suffer a little.
A year later, Zhu Yuanzhang led an army to conquer the city and rescued Chang Yuchun from prison. In order to show his achievements, the old man Jin actually called Chang Yuchun in front of Zhu Yuanzhang. Chang Yuchun is not thin, but ten kilograms heavier than last year. Coincidentally, this day is also long summer. Zhu Yuanzhang was overjoyed and said with a smile, "Good, good, long summer and long summer are called people, and they are all called people." Since then, the custom of calling people in the long summer has spread among the people.
The second legend about "calling people" in the Long Summer is related to Liu Chan, the last ruler of Shu in the Three Kingdoms period.
At the end of the Three Kingdoms, Shu, which was managed by the late ruler Liu Chan, was already very weak. This year, the general of Wei, Deng Ai, was ordered to lead an army to attack Shu, and the soldiers were forced to surrender. Zheng Zheng, a loyal minister in Shu, proposed to Wargo that "Liu Chan is the king of a country. After surrendering to Dewey, he can't be abused or lose a little meat, otherwise he would rather die than surrender". Wargo agreed to this condition.
After Liu Chan surrendered, he was taken to Luoyang, the capital of Wei at that time. Duke Wei named him an Anle Gong and gave him a house, ten thousand silks and satins and a hundred beautiful women. From then on, Liu ate, drank, and was not ashamed to forget his country. The next year, Liu Chan was called to weigh himself, but instead of losing weight, the king who forgot his country gained more than 20 kilograms. This day also happens to be the beginning of summer. There is a poem in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms that says, "Laugh and play, and worry about it." If you are happy in a foreign land and forget your old country, you will know that your late master was a mediocrity. "
Legend of Long Summer Solar Term 3 1:
Long summer is still a traditional festival for four years old. On the long summer day of the Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Tiandi led three officials, nine ministers and all doctors to welcome the summer in the suburbs south of the city. And held a ceremony to worship Zhu Rong, the former emperor. The Han dynasty also followed this custom. The Book of Sacrifice in the Later Han Dynasty reads: "On the day of long summer, we welcome summer, and all the southern suburbs worship Chi Di, and the car flags and costumes are all red." The song "Zhu Ming" and the dance "Dancing with Wings". In the Song Dynasty, etiquette became more complicated. It was not until the Ming Dynasty that "taste the new customs" came into being. In the Qing Dynasty, "Ji Sheng at the age of Emperor Jingdi" contained that "spring buds of rice noodles that are usually exposed outside are taken in long summer, fried into various fruit stacks with sugar noodles, and fed to each other". Willow branches are folded into fruits, which are children's food. In Jiangsu and Zhejiang, there is also the custom of eating flowers and rice in the long summer, and some people call it "food supplement". There is also the folk custom that "eggs are eaten in the long summer and stones are crushed". It is said that eating eggs and duck eggs in long summer can enhance physical fitness and resist summer heat. Some people eat bamboo shoots in the long summer and some people drink them in the long summer, which is called "seeing three novelty in the long summer". In the southern region, in the old days, every family steamed new tea and gave it to relatives and neighbors with various fruits.
Legend 2:
The second legend about "calling people" in the Long Summer is related to Liu Chan, the last ruler of Shu in the Three Kingdoms period.
At the end of the Three Kingdoms, Shu, which was managed by the late ruler Liu Chan, was already very weak. This year, the general of Wei, Deng Ai, was ordered to lead an army to attack Shu, and the soldiers were forced to surrender. Zheng Zheng, a loyal minister in Shu, proposed to Wargo that "Liu Chan is the king of a country. After surrendering to Dewey, he can't be abused or lose a little meat, otherwise he would rather die than surrender". Wargo agreed to this condition.
Legend of solar terms in the long summer 4 Twenty-four solar terms refer to the special festivals in the trunk and branch calendars that indicate seasons, phenology, climate change and the establishment of "December architecture". "Twenty-four solar terms" was originally set by Beidou bucket handle. When the Beidou bucket handle points to the southeast, it is long summer. The current "twenty-four solar terms" are divided by "constant gas method", that is, each solar term corresponds to a certain position that the earth reaches every time it runs 15 on the ecliptic; It divides the trajectory of the sun in one year into 24 equal parts, each equal part is 15, and each equal part is a solar term. When the sun meridian reaches 45, it is the long summer festival. "Twenty-four solar terms" is a knowledge system formed by observing the movement of the sun in a year and understanding the changing laws of the four seasons, climate and phenology in a year.
Long summer is a solar term established at the end of the Warring States Period (239 BC), which indicates the change of seasons. Summer begins all year round. In fact, according to the standard of climatology, the daily average temperature rises to above 22℃ steadily, starting from summer. Before and after the "Long Summer", only the area south of Fuzhou-Nanling Line in China is really "the trees are dark in midsummer, and the balcony reflects the pond", while some areas in the northeast and northwest have just entered the spring, and the average temperature in most parts of the country is around 18 ~ 20℃, which is ". In May, Sophora japonica blooms in many places. In the long summer, everything is thriving. When the temperature rises obviously, the summer heat comes, thunderstorms increase and crops enter the peak season, people are used to taking long summer as an important solar term.
According to folklore experts, Long Summer is an important festival in ancient China. At the same time, experts pointed out that many ancient festivals and customs originated from sacrificial ceremonies, and "Long Summer" was no exception. According to some data, the earliest appearance of "Long Summer" also originated from ancient sacrificial ceremonies. In the Zhou Dynasty, people no longer offered sacrifices to gods at a fixed time every day, but changed the time of offering sacrifices to four seasons, such as beginning of spring and Zhou Dynasty.
In the long summer, everything is thriving. The book "Eight Chapters of Lotus Life" written by the Ming Dynasty said: "On the day of summer dream, heaven and earth began to merge and everything was beautiful." At this time, the summer harvest crops entered the late growth stage, the winter wheat blossomed and filled, the rape was close to maturity, and the summer harvest crops were basically a foregone conclusion that year. Therefore, there is a saying in agricultural proverbs that "see summer in the long summer". According to records, during the Zhou Dynasty, on the day of long summer, the emperor personally led hundreds of civil and military officials to the suburbs to "welcome summer" and instructed Si Tuleideng and other officials to encourage farmers to work hard. Old customs make summer a traditional folk festival, called "Long Summer Festival".
The Han dynasty also followed this custom. The Book of Sacrifice in the Later Han Dynasty reads: "On the day of long summer, we welcome summer, and all the southern suburbs worship Chi Di, and the car flags and costumes are all red." The song "Zhu Ming" and the dance "Dancing with Wings". In the Song Dynasty, etiquette became more complicated. It was not until the Ming Dynasty that "taste the new customs" came into being. In the Qing Dynasty, "Ji Sheng at the age of Emperor Jingdi" contained that "spring buds of rice noodles that are usually exposed outside are taken in long summer, fried into various fruit stacks with sugar noodles, and fed to each other". Willow branches are folded into fruits, which are children's food. In Jiangsu and Zhejiang, there is also the custom of eating flowers and rice in the long summer, and some people call it "food supplement". There is also the folk custom that "eggs are eaten in the long summer and stones are crushed". It is said that eating eggs and duck eggs in long summer can enhance physical fitness and resist summer heat. Some people eat bamboo shoots in the long summer and some people drink them in the long summer, which is called "seeing three novelty in the long summer". In the southern region, in the old days, every family steamed new tea and gave it to relatives and neighbors with various fruits.
According to the records of the 24 solar terms: "long summer is also, long summer is also, and it is too big. At this time, everything is too big." That is, at this time of long summer, spring goes and summer comes. Therefore, in some places, the long summer is also called "the end of spring".
In the Zhou Dynasty, it was gradually formed that the Emperor of Zhou, as the king of a country, needed to preside over the sacrificial ceremony pro-Japanese. According to the Book of Rites, on the day of long summer, the emperor personally led three princes, nine ministers, governors and doctors to welcome summer in the southern suburbs.
Seasonally speaking, the long summer is actually the beginning of summer, which means that the rainstorm and thunderstorm weather will increase a lot and everything will enter a season of vigorous growth. In rural areas, there are many weather conditions in long summer days to predict the overall weather trend in summer, such as: "If it doesn't rain in long summer, it will dry up the wheat" and "If it doesn't rain in long summer, the plow will hang high".