1, psychological preparation
Although most investors know that the stock market is risky, you should be cautious when entering the market. However, a few investors often want to get rich overnight, and their stocks are traded every day. Some new shares are lucky enough to make money as soon as they enter the market, so they forget the stock market risks; After some setbacks, they were timid and missed the opportunity. These practices are not enough. We should always keep in mind the characteristics of "high returns and high risks" in the stock market, and "win without arrogance and lose with grace". This principle also applies to people in the stock market. In the face of setbacks, we should not lose heart and avoid making wrong decisions. We should enhance our risk awareness, study the market calmly, objectively and rationally, and always remember what we are doing and why. Only in this way can we really guard against risks and avoid unnecessary losses.
2. Preparation of funds
Investors must have certain financial guarantee when entering the market.
First of all, the best source of funds is idle money, and it is not appropriate to invest money that is urgently needed at home or has other important uses in the stock market. This is too risky and has a great negative impact on the psychology of entering the market.
Secondly, the amount of funds entering the market should at least exceed the lower limit stipulated by the securities business department. If the securities business department does not stipulate the lower limit of deposit and withdrawal, the capital entering the market should be at least several thousand yuan. Because the minimum unit for buying a stock is 100 shares, according to the current market price, it will cost at least 400 yuan to buy a stock in 500 yuan. Moreover, if the transaction amount is too small, the transaction cost will account for a higher proportion of the transaction amount, which will increase the unit transaction cost.
Thirdly, depositing a certain amount of funds into the market will help investors to control their positions reasonably. The psychological impact of semi-warehouse operation and Man Cang operation on investors is very different. Moreover, keeping part of the funds is also beneficial for investors to spread the costs when they are locked in.
3, knowledge preparation
As a virtual market, the stock market is full of codes, symbols, trading rules, laws and regulations, and the investment market needs to be prepared with certain knowledge.
First, we should be familiar with the basic knowledge of trading, which is the basic skill of stock market operation and can solve the problem of how investors can buy and sell stocks conveniently and freely. This is the minimum knowledge that investors should master when entering the market, and it is also relatively easy to master. However, due to the continuous improvement of the market and the emergence of new trading rules, investors' understanding of trading rules should be constantly updated. For example, in the new way of placing new shares to investors in the secondary market this year, some investors did not understand the payment date, and as a result, the new shares won were lost in vain.
Second, we should be fully prepared for other aspects of stock market knowledge. Generally speaking, it includes macro, fundamental, technical and regulatory aspects. , involving financial accounting, securities investment, industry knowledge, economic law and many other aspects of knowledge. Investors should learn to analyze the trend of stocks from the fundamental and technical aspects. By analyzing the macroeconomic background, economic policy orientation, industry situation, company operation and other basic factors that determine the investment value and price of stocks, and by analyzing the volume and price trend of stocks, we can evaluate the investment value of stocks and judge the future price trend of stocks, so as to make correct investment operations.
4. Instructions for novices entering the market
With the stock index breaking through one integer mark after another at an increasing speed, the number of new accounts opened in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets is also accelerating. Statistics from the Central Depository and Clearing Corporation show that in March this year, more than 5,000 A-share accounts were opened every day on average. Since April, the daily average number of new accounts opened has been above 10000. After May Day, the number of newly opened A-share accounts in the two cities exceeded 30,000. At present, the total number of accounts in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets has reached more than 74.25 million.
Stock account opening process
1. Opening a shareholder card: I hold my ID card and account opening fee (40 yuan, Shanghai and 50 yuan)-give it to the counter and fill in the agreement.
2. Open Gold Card: I hold my ID card and shareholder card-fill in the account opening agreement at the fund counter.
3. Bank-securities networking: I take my ID card, fund card and bank savings card-fill in the corresponding form-and pay at the cashier. If I don't have a passbook, I can handle it on the spot as required.
Specific procedures for opening an A-share account as an institutional legal person:
1. Opening a shareholder card: the manager shall submit it at the counter with a copy of the business license, the power of attorney of the legal person, the certificate of the legal representative, the account number of the opening bank, the ID card of the legal person and himself and the account opening fee (in 400 yuan, Shanghai and 500 yuan).
2. The handler holds a copy of the business license, the power of attorney of the legal person, the ID card of the legal person and himself, and the bank account number-fill in the account opening agreement at the cash counter.
B share account opening process
1. I transfer my cash deposit or foreign currency cash deposit to the B-share deposit account of the Bank with my identity certificate, and obtain a receipt (foreign exchange funds shall not be transferred across banks or regions).
2. Open a B-share capital account with my valid ID card and credit certificate (minimum amount: 65,438+0,000 USD or 800 HKD).
3. Finally, open a B-share account with the B-share capital account opening certificate. The account opening fee is USD 65,438+09 in Shanghai and HK$ 65,438+020 in Shenzhen.
5. Stock market terminology
Several websites have comprehensive stock market terms, such as Stock Market Daily (). Learning is the basic homework that must be done before entering the market. Here are some common stock market terms:
P/E ratio: The ratio of stock price divided by earnings per share, also known as P/E ratio.
P/B ratio: The ratio between market price and net assets per share. The lower the ratio, the lower the risk.
Turnover rate: the turnover rate of stocks in the market in a certain period of time, which is also one of the indicators reflecting the strength of stock liquidity. Its calculation formula is: turnover rate (turnover rate) = turnover in a certain period/total number of shares issued × 100%.
Volume: the number of shares traded on a stock exchange. If the seller sells 6,543,800 shares and the buyer buys 6,543,800 shares at the same time, the trading volume of this stock is 6,543,800 shares.
Volume: the total amount of shares multiplied by its transaction price.
Commonly used technical indicators: MACD, RSI, KDJ, ASI, OBV, etc. These indicators are auxiliary tools for stock market investment, but it is best to choose stocks from the fundamentals.
Transactions and commissions
At present, the stock trading methods available to investors can be divided into three forms: on-site entrustment by the sales department, telephone entrustment and online trading. The data shows that at present, the entrusted transaction amount of online transactions accounts for about 65% of the total transaction amount, and in some areas it is as high as 80%. There is a simple reason. Online trading is freer, faster and more convenient than on-site and telephone entrustment, and the cost is also the lowest among the three ways.
At present, the fees that investors need to charge for buying and selling stocks are divided into two parts: 1‰ stamp duty and trading commission not exceeding 3‰. Among them, many business departments will discount the transaction commission according to the amount of customers' funds, and choose different transaction charging methods, and the commission level will be different. Specifically, the sales department has the highest on-site commission, reaching 3 ‰; The second place of telephone entrustment is generally 2.5 ‰; The minimum online transaction is 2‰. In addition, at present, China's A-share and B-share markets implement the trading system of T+ 1, that is, those bought on the same day can only wait until the next day to sell.
Introduction to stock selection
How to choose stocks in the current market environment? Some retail experts in the market put forward several basic principles for some new investors who haven't had time to learn more about the stock market to follow as a reference when investing:
1. Institutional investors should be optimistic. As can be seen from the public information, QFII, funds, insurance or social security funds are stationed in the major shareholders of tradable shares;
2. Being a leading or monopoly industry is one of the basic conditions for institutional investors to choose stocks in recent years;
3. Adequate cash flow and provident fund indicate that the basic financial situation of the enterprise is good;
4. The P/E ratio is low, preferably around 10, indicating that there is still room for growth in the future;
5. "Powered" can be highly distributed; 6, understand the background, not affected by macro-control; 7. There are performance development and good expansion expectations.
In view of the above conditions, the more qualified, the better. We will put the selected stocks in the "optional stocks" for a period of time, and observe with long-term indicators to determine whether to place an order. This requires investors to choose stocks on the basis of doing their homework. Can't listen to hearsay, can't trust stock reviews; Be sure to observe calmly, analyze carefully, look at the trend, grasp the direction, and choose stocks by yourself.
6. The growth stage of shareholders
Most people who enter the stock market dream of becoming investment experts as soon as possible. Many people think that by looking at the stock market for a few months or a year, studying the stock market trend chart and learning some technical and fundamental analysis methods, we can continue to make profits in the stock market. In fact, the road to the stock market master is not smooth. Many people ignore the return on investment after learning some basic stock market knowledge. Why?
According to the observation and analysis, we find that an investor who is new to the stock market must go through several stages of development if he wants to become a master.
The first stage is to enter the primary stage of the stock market. Most people know little about the stock market when they first enter the stock market, or although they have read several books about the stock market, they don't know much about actual combat knowledge and strategies. Most of its motives for entering the market are to see friends and relatives around them making money in the stock market and want to enter the stock market themselves. At this time, the stock market is mostly in the middle and late stage of a round of big rise, because only at this time can the stock market make money very obviously and attract foreign investors. Because they are new to the stock market and don't know much, most people can humbly ask investors who are familiar with the stock market, ask them to recommend stocks, give advice on buying and selling, act cautiously and invest as little as possible. Because the stock market is in a hot period, several operations actually have little effect. This stage is characterized by making money without actual combat experience in the stock market, so confidence is greatly increased. You think you are a natural expert in investing in the stock market, and it is not difficult to make money in the stock market.
The second stage is the reflection stage. After winning the first battle, I tasted the sweetness of making money easily in the stock market, so I increased my capital investment and wanted to make more money in the stock market. However, unexpected events happened. When buying a lot of stocks, it is just the crazy period when the stock market enters the top. Later, the stock price plummeted. Because of the lack of risk awareness and no stop loss, the stocks bought were locked up across the board. At this time, I began to reflect on why I lost in the stock market.
The third stage is the understanding stage. After reflection, investors think that they were confused about making money and losing money some time ago. The fundamental reason is the lack of knowledge of stock market analysis, so they bought books on technical and fundamental aspects of the stock market to study. After reading these books, it was an epiphany. According to the classic examples in the book, the fundamental and technical reasons for every stock market rise and fall are so clear that they can be analyzed in time. If readers master these analytical methods introduced in the book, they can be invincible in the stock market. Investors think that after mastering the stock market analysis technology, they can really make a lot of money in the stock market rationally, so they put all their funds, even borrowed money, into the stock market. But the stock market seems to be against itself. I lost money if I didn't understand it before, but now I still lose money or more (because of the large amount of money invested). In fact, investors at this stage only know some basic knowledge of the stock market and lack the ability of comprehensive analysis, but they feel particularly good about themselves and operate boldly, and are often harmed by false breakthroughs and "cheating the line" and suffer heavy losses.
The fourth stage is gradually maturing. After repeated battles and defeats, quite a few people will be depressed, but those who really want to become masters will have more comprehensive and in-depth learning. In addition, after a long-term sharp decline, the stock market will often usher in a big rise. At the right time and place, investors will gradually embark on the road of profitability.
After investors know this rule, they can be less in the process of becoming masters.
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