Scholars have studied the causes of psychological stress. It is generally believed that the psychological state when individuals perceive the gap between the needs of the environment and the adaptability of the human body through the cognitive evaluation of stressors is called psychological tension.
Research shows that personal experience, cognitive evaluation, personal emotional state, personal tendency and life experience all have influences on the occurrence of psychological tension. Everyone's social life experience is different, and the experience of stress is also different. A driver with practical experience can calmly deal with all kinds of complicated road conditions; For a trainee driver, any new situation on the road will cause psychological tension.
The relationship between personal experience and psychological tension is based on reinforcement. Positive reinforcement and success can reduce stressful experiences, while failed experiences may increase stressful experiences. Everyone has his own hobbies, personal desires and pursuits, as well as his own views on right and wrong and values. For example, the rise and fall of positions have a great influence on people with strong desire for power; For people with both fame and fortune, the impact is not great. The individual's emotional state also has an obvious effect on the occurrence of tension, because the individual's emotions affect his view of things. For example, when in a good mood, it is easy to accept appropriate criticism; When you are upset, you are likely to be furious with a little disappointment.
People's expectation or ambition level of an event often directly affects cognitive evaluation. For example, two candidates get 90 points together, and those who expect 100 are depressed, while those who expect 80 points are very happy. Whether stressful life events cause psychological stress to individuals mainly depends on cognitive evaluation. Cognition is a key psychological activity process in which people choose information from the external environment and compare and evaluate it, which constitutes a concept reflecting reality. The needs of the environment are really important, but only when we perceive and evaluate that it is difficult for individuals to cope with these needs will we experience tension. For example, two grass-roots managers are transferred, and their ideas are different. A believes that this kind of job transfer is the embodiment of leaders' trust in themselves and the opportunity to learn new technologies; And B thinks that this is the leader's distrust of himself and the punishment for his dissatisfaction with his previous work performance. The two managers came to their conclusion after careful consideration and repeated thinking. However, due to the different evaluation results, their emotional reaction and psychological tension are also very different. We understand the influence of psychological stress on health and its causes, which urges us to take active measures to improve the level of mental health.
Third, improve adaptability and maintain mental health.
With the development of production and social progress, the tension of employment is increasing day by day. Job hunting, interview, job hunting, being laid off, excessive work pressure, intense interpersonal competition and numerous contradictions between employers and employees will all cause psychological tension. Of course, society is developing day by day, and various problems are being solved step by step. But for individuals, the power to change the environment is limited, and the main task is to improve their adaptability to the social environment. Individuals can improve their adaptability in three ways.
The first is to actively adapt to the environment. Passive adaptation is a psychological response to the helplessness of the environment and forced to adapt. It is a negative adaptation, often accompanied by psychological feelings such as depression, tension, anxiety and pain. For example, laid-off workers are unhappy at home, and people living in poor areas feel inferior and feel sorry for themselves. These are all passive adaptations. Active adaptation is a process of facing the real environment, actively seeking adaptation, fully mobilizing subjective initiative, overcoming difficulties and moving towards success. Active adaptation is often accompanied by a psychological experience of joy and excitement caused by positive and ultimate success. For example, laid-off workers are not satisfied with the status quo and put their positions right. They strive to tap their potential, re-find jobs and seek new development. People living in poverty constantly strive for self-improvement, turn pressure into motivation, brainstorm and strive to get rich; These behaviors are all active adaptive behaviors. Active adaptation is conducive to the full development of people's talents and potential, and is an important symbol of people's mental health. Therefore, when we encounter difficulties and setbacks, we should be good at actively adapting to the social and natural environment in order to maintain and improve the level of mental health.
The second is to avoid setbacks appropriately. In real life, some environments are difficult for us to adapt to, but it is also possible to avoid them. In this case, we can also use avoidance method to reduce or eliminate the bad stimulation of the environment to individuals. For example, people with low psychological endurance should not speculate in stocks or do futures business. Laid-off workers and re-employed people should not engage in over-investment in order to avoid new serious setbacks, but should develop step by step from small to large. Although the avoidance method lacks positive significance, it can also alleviate or avoid psychological troubles if used properly in some cases.
The third is to seek social support. Social support refers to the care and help that individuals get from others when they suffer setbacks. Medical psychology research shows that social support can reduce the tension caused by life events and promote the adaptation to the social environment. Friends, families, mass organizations, party organizations and administrative organs can all provide social support for individuals. Social support is not only material and economic support, but also psychological support. If some people with difficulties in life get social and economic assistance, it will certainly help alleviate their difficulties in life, but it is difficult to eliminate their inferiority complex. Social psychological support can help them establish self-improvement spirit, eliminate inferiority complex, tap potential, develop ability and win success in life.