1. The stock is the ownership certificate issued by the joint-stock company, and it is a kind of valuable securities issued by the joint-stock company to all shareholders to raise funds, as the shareholding certificate to obtain dividends and bonuses. Each share represents the shareholder's ownership of the basic unit of the enterprise. Behind every stock is a listed company. At the same time, every listed company will issue shares.

Every stock in the same category represents the equal ownership of the company. The share of ownership of the company owned by each shareholder depends on the proportion of shares held by each shareholder to the total share capital of the company. Shares are part of the capital of a joint-stock company and can be transferred, traded or mortgaged at a fixed price. It is the main long-term credit tool in the capital market, but the company cannot be required to return its capital contribution.

2. Bond/debenture is a kind of financial contract, which is a debt certificate issued to investors by the government, financial institutions and industrial and commercial enterprises when they directly borrow money from the society to raise funds. At the same time, they promise to pay interest at a certain interest rate and repay the principal according to the agreed conditions. The essence of a bond is a certificate of debt, which has legal effect. There is a creditor-debtor relationship between bond buyers or investors and issuers. Bond issuers are debtors and investors (bond buyers) are creditors.

3. Funds have broad and narrow definitions. A fund in a broad sense refers to a certain amount of funds set up for a certain purpose. It mainly includes trust and investment funds, provident funds, insurance funds, retirement funds and funds of various foundations. People usually refer to funds mainly as securities investment funds. There are three main analysis methods of securities investment: basic analysis, technical analysis and evolution analysis, in which the basic analysis is mainly applied to the value judgment and selection of investment objects, while the technical analysis and evolution analysis are mainly applied to the time and space judgment of specific investment operations as an important supplement to improve the effectiveness and reliability of securities investment analysis.

The providers of funds in the capital market are financial institutions, such as commercial banks, savings banks, life insurance companies, investment companies and trust companies.

The demanders of funds are mainly international financial institutions, government agencies of various countries, industrial and commercial enterprises, real estate developers and sales finance companies that purchase installment contracts from retailers of durable consumer goods.

The function of capital market

1, the capital market is an important channel to raise funds.

2. Capital market is an effective place for rational allocation of resources.

3. The capital market is conducive to enterprise restructuring.

4. Promote the advanced development of industrial structure.