Investigation report refers to a situation, an event, an experience or a problem that is investigated in practice. Talk about all the information learned in the investigation, conduct the analysis and research of "removing the rough and selecting the fine, removing the false and retaining the true, from here to there, from the outside to the inside", reveal the essence, find out the law, sum up the experience, and finally state it in writing. This is the investigation report.
Differences between Investigation Report and Investigation Report and Writing Skills
When it comes to research reports, we can't help talking about them first. Many people confuse these two styles and make no distinction in their writing, which is actually wrong.
Investigation report is a written report after investigating a certain situation and an event and sorting out the obtained materials and conclusions. The investigation report has a wide range of uses, and it is indispensable for formulating principles and policies, solving various practical problems, finding out the truth, fostering new things and popularizing typical experiences. The investigation report reflects the situation of universal significance or key issues, which is complex in content and requires high depth and breadth. Broadly speaking, all investigation reports are more or less research reports. In a narrow sense, an investigation report refers to an investigation report written for the purpose of research. It does not include special reports that reflect specific situations, introduce work experience and expose special problems, but it also includes these aspects.
It is said that the survey report is different from the general survey report, mainly because the focus of the survey report is different from the survey report. The investigation report focuses on the investigation process, and the investigation report focuses on the research and results. It is based on investigation and aims at research. Research has always been in a leading and dynamic position. It is the dialectical unity of investigation and research, which fully embodies the results of investigation and research. In the past, applied writing only focused on investigation reports, which became a special genre and hot topic in applied writing, especially after the reform and opening up. 2 1 century, various undertakings in China have made rapid development. Not only the party and government organs need a lot of research reports, but also enterprise groups need more research reports to adapt to the fierce competition. Therefore, research reports play an increasingly important role in applied writing.
The writing of investigation report should focus on three main links: investigation, research and report. In these three links, investigation is the foundation and research is the key. The writing of the investigation report is to organize the materials obtained from the investigation into the opinions formed by the articles through typesetting and language assignment. Here, investigation and research are dialectical unity. They not only interact and complement each other, but also communicate with each other. The purpose of the investigation is to master a large number of real and comprehensive objective facts and specific data and have a systematic understanding of the basic situation; The purpose of the research is to analyze and study the obtained materials and explore the essence and laws of things; On the basis of investigation and study, the report explained the results in writing. Therefore, it can be said that "investigation" is the factual basis of "research", "research" is the theoretical basis of "report", and "report" is the concrete embodiment of investigation and research.
I. Characteristics of the research report
1. investigation report-Objective To make it clear that the investigation report is different from the investigation report because something happened (such as a case, accident, disaster), and then write the report. The writer of the research report must consciously take the research as the purpose, work out a feasible research plan according to the needs of society or work, that is, change passive adaptation into planned active writing practice, proceed from a clear pursuit, often go deep into the front line of society, constantly understand new situations and problems, consciously explore and study, and write valuable research reports.
2. Research Report-Focus on Facts. The research report emphasizes facts. It explains the problem through the factual materials obtained from the investigation, clarifies the viewpoint with the factual materials, reveals the regular things, and draws a conclusion that conforms to the objective reality. The research report is based on objective facts, all analysis and research must be based on facts, and the conclusive facts are the value of the research report. Therefore, respecting objective facts and speaking with facts are the biggest characteristics of the research report. The materials written in the research report must be true and correct, and the time, place, events, background introduction and data citation involved in the research report must be accurate and true. All the materials are well-founded, and you can't listen to hearsay. Only by speaking with facts can we provide experience and methods to solve problems, and the conclusions of the study can be convincing. If the research report loses its authenticity, it will lose its scientific value and application value.
3. Investigation Report-On the main content of rational investigation report is fact, and the main expression is narration. But the purpose of the research report is to summarize opinions from these facts, and opinions are the soul of the research report. Therefore, if you have a lot of materials, you may not be able to write a good research report, but you need to analyze and synthesize what you have studied, and then refine your views. Under the guidance of correct thinking, materials research should go through the process of "removing the rough and selecting the fine, removing the false and retaining the true, from this to the other, from the outside to the inside" with scientific methods, find out the dominant and essential things from different stages of things' development, grasp the internal laws of things, use the most telling materials, arrange them reasonably, and make the facts clear and the viewpoints clear. Therefore, it is necessary to make appropriate comments on the basis of facts and express the theme of the paper. Discussion is the crowning touch. The research report is closely related to the facts, and requires narrative to be greater than discussion, and narrative discussion should be combined. If the discussion is greater than the narrative, it becomes an argumentative paper. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent only narrative without discussion and unclear views; We should also prevent empty discussions and disjointed discussions. Narration and discussion are the main characteristics of research report writing. 4. Research report-concise language research report is concise and lively. This style is full of materials and a little discussion. It does not require delicate description, as long as there is simple and simple language to report the objective situation. However, because the research report also involves readability, the language can sometimes be lively, and the vivid language of the masses can be adopted appropriately. At the same time, pay attention to the use of some simple and vivid metaphors to enhance the vividness and vividness of reasoning. But the premise must be to explain the problem.
Second, the investigation report format
1. The title of the research report should reveal the content center. The specific writing is as follows:
(1) research report title-official title. The titles of such research reports are mostly composed of reasons and language, which are plain and calm, such as the Research Report on Intellectual's Economic Life; Others consist of the object of investigation and the word "investigation", such as "investigation of intellectuals"
(2) The title of the research report-general article title. The title of this kind of research report directly reveals the center of the research report, which is very concise, such as "the old people in this city have their own interests".
(3) the title of the research report-the title of the question, such as "When will the debt of gratitude be repaid". This is the title writing commonly used in typical research reports, which is characterized by attraction.
(4) The title of the research report-the combined title of the positive and negative questions, which is a common title of the research report. Especially the writing methods of typical experience research reports and new things research reports. The title reveals the ideological significance of the investigation report, and the subtitle shows the items and scope of the investigation report, such as "Deepening the mechanism of factory affairs disclosure and innovating the methods of ideological and political work-investigation on deepening the system of factory affairs disclosure in Jiang 'an Depot of Wuhan Branch". 2. The text of the research report. The text of the research report includes three parts: preface, text and conclusion. (1) research report-preface The preface of the research report briefly describes why this problem (work, events, people) was investigated; Time, place, object, scope, process and method of investigation; The basic information, historical background and conclusions after the investigation of the respondents. The focus of these aspects is determined by the author according to the purpose of the investigation, and it is not necessary to cover all aspects.
There are many methods at the beginning of the research report, some attract readers' attention, some use questions, some come straight to the point, some connect the preceding with the following, some make the finishing point, and there is no fixed form. However, it is generally required to stick to the main idea and prepare for the main part. Words should be concise and general. (2) Research Report-Theme This is the backbone and core of the research report, the extension of the quotation and the basis of the conclusion. This part mainly states the truth, gains and lessons of the facts, that is, what is the main content of the investigation and why. The main part should include a lot of materials-people, things, problems, specific practices, difficulties and obstacles, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully arrange the level and structure of the research report and show the theme step by step.
The narrative and exposition of facts in the research report are mainly written in this part, which is an important part of fully expressing the theme. Generally speaking, the structure of the main body of the research report has about three forms:
Transverse structure. That is to say, make a comprehensive analysis of the content of the survey, closely focus on the main idea, and summarize it into several questions according to different categories, and each question can be subtitled. And there are often a few small problems in every question. This structure generally adopts the format of typical empirical research reports. This kind of research report has a clear point of view and a prominent center, which makes people clear at a glance;
Vertical structure. There are two forms, one is to describe and discuss according to the cause, development and order of the investigation. This structure is often used in the writing of general investigation reports and investigation reports that expose problems, which helps readers to have a thorough and comprehensive understanding of the development of things. First, arrange the structure step by step according to the achievements, reasons and conclusions. This form is often used in general comprehensive research reports;
Integrated structure. This research report has both vertical and horizontal characteristics, interspersed with each other and organized materials. Generally speaking, this research report adopts a vertical structure when describing and discussing the development process, and a horizontal structure when writing the harvest, knowledge and lessons.
No matter what the main structure of the research report is, it should be clear-cut, coherent, detailed and appropriate, closely linked and in-depth in order to better express the theme. (3) Research Report-The conclusion is the inevitable result of the analysis, summary and solution of the research report. Different research reports have different endings. Generally speaking, the research report has five endings: summarizing the research report, summarizing the main points, deepening the theme and improving people's understanding; Look forward to the development of things, put forward the direction of efforts and inspire people to explore further; Put forward suggestions for leaders' reference; Write out the existing problems or deficiencies and explain the problems that need to be studied and solved in the future; Supplementary explanation of situations or problems that are not covered in the text but are worthy of attention.
In short, the end of the research report should be concise and powerful, and it is not necessary to write a long story.
When writing a research report, we should pay attention to overcoming four problems: first, the viewpoint is out of touch with the material; Second, the material is not enough to illustrate the point of view; Third, stacking materials, not summing up views from materials, lack of analysis and research; The fourth is improper expression. When writing a research report, we should try our best to avoid boring language and try our best to write it in a popular, simple and vivid way.
model essay
The 20th Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) proposed that to build a harmonious society, we must vigorously promote the equalization of public services. Frankly speaking, it is necessary to gradually eliminate the differences between urban and rural areas and cover basic public services in rural areas. It is urgent for our city to realize the overall deployment of "3 14", accelerate the construction of urban and rural experimental areas, and alleviate the serious shortage of rural public services.
According to the unified arrangement of the Municipal Bureau Party Committee, I went deep into the remote rural area of Tiefeng Township in xx District from 22nd to 28th in xxx, and carried out a week-long practice exercise of "Three Enters and Three Syndications" in Party spirit and party style. Through the concept of living and working in peace and contentment with grassroots cadres and masses and seeking common development, we deeply feel the helplessness and urgent need of farmers for the lack of basic public services in rural areas.
Since June 65438+1 October1in xx, after the agricultural tax was completely abolished in China, the "three-mention and five-system" was also abolished in various places, and the problem of operating funds of grass-roots organizations became prominent, which became the primary problem restricting the construction of rural basic public service system.
China's "Organic Law of Villagers' Committees" comprehensively stipulates the functions and responsibilities of villagers' committees, but it does not clearly stipulate the sources of funds to ensure their normal operation. According to Article 8 "The villagers' committee shall manage the land and other property collectively owned by the village farmers in accordance with the law" and Article 37 "The people's government shall provide necessary conditions for the villagers' committee to assist the government's work; The relevant departments of the people's government entrust the villagers' committees to carry out their work, and the funds needed shall be borne by the entrusted departments. "The villagers' committee for the village public welfare funds, by the villagers' meeting to raise funds to solve; If the funds are really difficult, the local people's government will give appropriate support. " There are four main channels of funds allowed by law: one is the income retention of village-level collective economic organizations, the other is government subsidies, the third is the financial support entrusted by the government, and the fourth is fund-raising. However, in most areas, except that the township government may give limited subsidies (Tiefeng Township gives each village a subsidy of 3,000 yuan per year), the other three regulations are basically nominal.
First of all, most village communities have no collective enterprises. The collective enterprises that once existed were either stripped of their "red hats" and turned into private enterprises due to efficiency and management problems, or restructured or closed down due to poor management and environmental damage. For example, there used to be a small coal mine in Tong Yuan village where I live. In the process of the municipal government closing down and rectifying the small coal mine, the first batch was closed. As for collective land, it involves farmers' land contractual rights and interests, and the contradiction is very prominent in the demolition. If the village Committee wants to "get their hands on", it will inevitably lead to stability problems; Secondly, except for large-scale public works, it is difficult for ordinary village communities to obtain government entrustment. Even if entrusted, it can only be "one-off" and it is unsustainable. Third, the fund-raising and labor-raising stipulated in the Organic Law of Villagers' Committees is limited to specific public welfare undertakings and cannot be used for daily operation.
The lack of funds for the operation of grass-roots organizations first led to the public service of grass-roots organizations.
Function is weakened. We saw in Tiefeng Township that although some villages that got rich first built residential new villages and villas, they were spacious and bright, but the surrounding garbage was everywhere and the water, electricity and infrastructure were weak. According to Tao Rong, the head of Tiefeng Township, Tiefeng has simple folk customs and good public security. However, in the surrounding towns and villages, a considerable number of grassroots organizations are weak and lax, and the evil forces and clans are powerful. After the limelight of the special struggle of "cracking down on evil" passed, it tends to rise again. The people have great opinions because the righteousness is not strong. An important reason for the weakness of grass-roots organizations is the lack of daily funds and disposable resources of grass-roots organizations.
The lack of operating funds has also forced some grass-roots organizations to make up their minds on the national support funds for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, which has greatly reduced the effect of the national transfer payment policy. In order to promote the equalization of basic public services, the state arranges huge funds for rural infrastructure construction every year, including improving water and toilets, building water conservancy facilities and roads and bridges, supporting aquaculture, and helping the poor. These funds will not only ignore the operating costs of grass-roots organizations in the process of project approval, but also often require matching funds from governments and villagers at all levels. However, the financial resources of districts and townships are limited, and it is extremely difficult for grassroots organizations to raise funds from villagers, so they can only make a fuss about the funds allocated by the state. Therefore, these funds will generally be squeezed to varying degrees in the process of use. According to the estimation of Tao Xiangchang, a considerable amount of funds were not used for the project at all, and directly became the operating funds of grass-roots organizations.
The lack of operating funds has also led to the weakening or even alienation of the propaganda of some grassroots organizations. Villagers' committees are self-governing organizations of villagers and public authorities, and should provide public services to all villagers within the scope prescribed by law. Due to the lack of operating funds, village committees often rely on "big families" and "nobles" in the village. For example, the "New Rural Cooperative Medical System" stipulates that villagers pay 20 yuan every year to participate in the "Rural Cooperative Medical System". Due to unreasonable medical pricing, farmers' recognition of the "new rural cooperative medical system" is not high, and urging payment has become a headache for village cadres. In order to complete the task assigned by our superiors, we have to work hard to raise money in advance. In the long run, it is difficult for village committees to uphold justice and suppress vulnerable groups in the event of disputes or conflicts of interest, which has become an important reason for the deterioration of rural public security and the rise of vicious cases.
How to alleviate the shortage of funds in rural grass-roots organizations lies in perfecting the system. On July 1 day, xx, our city implemented the "Municipal Implementation: Measures", which retained the expression of "village retention", but with the cancellation of "three mentions and five unification", this system existed in name only. To solve the problem of operating funds of grass-roots organizations, we can't go back and restore the lien system, but we can make necessary changes.
First of all, we should admit that village-level organizations need financial guarantee to play their roles, and allow village-level organizations to raise funds from villagers in an appropriate way to ensure their daily operation. As long as a strict supervision system is stipulated, the problem of farmers' burden will not rebound; Secondly, it is clearly stipulated that all special funds should consider the operating expenses, special expenses and special audits of grass-roots organizations; The third is to stipulate that village-level organizations can extract a certain proportion of profits from village collective enterprises to make up for daily expenses; Fourth, it is stipulated that after the government expropriates rural collective land, it should return a certain proportion of land transfer fees to villages and social organizations to deal with the aftermath; Fifth, make clear the proportion of financial support from township finance to village-level organizations.