2.MACD, also known as exponential smoothing average, is developed from double exponential moving average. The meaning of MACD is basically the same as that of double exponential moving average, but it is easier to read. When MACD turns from negative to positive, it is a buy signal. When MACD turns from positive to negative, it is a signal to sell. When the MACD changes at a large angle, it means that the gap between the fast moving average and the slow moving average expands very quickly, which represents the change of the market trend.
The moving average is K-line. Is K-line macd? The moving average is the moving average of the closing price.
K-line is the kind of line like a candle.
Macd is the indicator line, below the K-line chart.
How to add the moving average MACD to MACD is an operational indicator to determine the top and bottom;
MACD:MACD indicator-Red and green columns represent MACD! Red and green column MACD=DIF-DEA, which is the difference between white line and yellow line.
In MACD indicator, the area surrounded by white line DIF and zero axis.
Definition of white line: The white line DIF of MACD is the difference between short-term moving average and long-term moving average-its system parameter is set to 12, 26, 9, and DIF is equivalent to the difference between 12 moving average and 26 moving average.
White line: away from the axis (neutral line or zero line), deviation, dead fork and golden fork can be determined.
DIF is below the zero axis, that is, dif
When DIF intersects the zero axis, that is, DIF=0, the two moving averages intersect.
DIF is above the zero axis, that is, dif >；; 0, the short-term moving average is greater than the long-term moving average, and the two moving averages are arranged in long positions.
Zero axis: it is the dividing line between strength and weakness, and DIF and DEA are below zero axis, which is a bear market; Both DIF and DEA are above the zero axis, which is the midpoint of the bull market. [The zero axis is only the intersection of short-term and long-term moving averages. ]
Average value: MACD comes from average value, which reflects the change and trend of price. The moving average is water and the price is boat. He who does not advance loses ground.
The relationship between EMA and MACD dif: = EMA (close, 12)-EMA (close, 26);
DEA:=EMA(DIF，9)；
MACD:=(DIF-DEA)* 2；
Ignore the above formula. Write the formula according to the train of thought and modify the formula. Early warning, conditional stock selection. Decrypt the formula and remove the time limit. Click my name or the following (icon) with the mouse, press enter to see Q, and customize the formula.
How to set the moving average of MACD? Download the straight flush. Click the indicator at the bottom left. There are hundreds. You can choose them. The indicator is explained. If used together, the effect will be better.
Average Macd, Sanjin stock is currently in the period of rectification and adjustment, and most of the stocks are dead forks of indicators such as kdj. At this stage, there is no such situation as investors said.
Whether it is moving average or macd, I think macd is more accurate. First of all, MACD is calculated by EMA, an exponential moving average. Also known as EXPMA indicator, it is also a trend indicator, and the exponential average index is a moving average with decreasing weighted index. That is, the closer the stock price is, the heavier the weight is, and the more inclined it is to have a short-term impact.
Then the two reflect the difference of recent moving averages more.
Calculation of moving average on 12:
EMA( 12) = EMA (12) x113+today's closing price X 2/ 13.
Calculation of 26-day moving average:
EMA(26) = EMA (26) of the previous day x 25/27+closing price of today X 2/27.
Calculation of DIF:
DIF = EMA (12)-EMA (26).
According to the deviation value, the EMA of 9 days, that is, the average deviation value, is the DEA value. To avoid confusion with the original name of the index, this value is also called DEA or DEM.
Today's DEA = (DEA X 8/10 of the previous day+DIF X 2/ 10 of today)
It can be seen that dif line is the main research object of macd, and dea is the smoothing of dif.
Dif is the difference between two moving averages.
This process is like the derivative, which is often judged by the change of the derivative, so it often has the function of trend judgment.
If the moving average is a function and it is a function of average weight, then there is less information, but experienced people can actually get the information given by MACD by moving the average. At this time, EMA may be better or faster, but there are more invalid signals.
On the whole, in fact, macd is better for novices, and it is similar for veterans (people who have been learning to think about stock trading).
The problem is that grasping an operation strategy with a high objective success probability and then improving the winning rate through continuous feedback operation is the real key.
How to set the 120min macd moving average DIF: = EMA (closing, 12)-EMA (closing, 26);
DEA:=EMA(DIF，9)；
MACD:=(DIF-DEA)* 2；
MACD is calculated according to the closing price of each K-line, and each K-line is every cycle, regardless of the day, month and season. Or a few hours. There is no need to set parameters.
Some questions about KDJ, EMA and MACD-The default parameter commonly used by KDJ is 9. As far as my personal experience is concerned, the short-term parameter can be changed to 5, which not only makes the response more agile, rapid and accurate, but also reduces the passivation phenomenon. Commonly used KDJ parameters are 5, 9, 19, 36, 45, 73, etc. In actual combat, different periods should also be comprehensively analyzed, and the short, medium and long trends should be clear at a glance. If * * * vibration occurs in different periods, the reliability of the trend will increase. There are four main points in the actual judgment of KDJ indicators:
1) K line is the quick confirmation line-the value above 90 is overbought, and the value below 10 is oversold;
Line D is a slow trunk line-the value above 80 is overbought and the value below 20 is oversold;
J-line is a direction sensitive line. When the j value is greater than 100, especially for more than 5 consecutive days, the stock price will at least form a short-term head, while when the j value is less than 0, especially for more than several consecutive days, the stock price will at least form a short-term bottom.
2) When the value of k is gradually greater than the value of d, the graph shows that the K line crosses the D line from below, indicating that the current trend is upward, so when the K line crosses the D line graphically, it is a buy signal.
In actual combat, when the K line and the D line cross below 20, the signal of short-term buying is more accurate at this time; If the K value is below 50, the D value crosses from bottom to top twice, forming a "W bottom" shape with the right bottom higher than the left bottom, and the stock price may have a considerable increase in the afternoon.
3) When the value of k is gradually less than the value of d, the graph shows that the K line crosses the D line from above, indicating that the current trend is downward, so when the K line crosses the D line downward on the graph, it is a sell signal.
In actual combat, when the K line and the D line cross downward above 80, the short-term selling signal at this time is more accurate; If the value of K is above 50 and the value of D breaks down from top to bottom twice, forming an "M-head" shape with the right head lower than the left head, the stock price may drop considerably in the afternoon.
4) It is also a practical method to judge the top and bottom of the stock price by the trend of KDJ deviating from the stock price:
A) The stock price has reached a new high, but the KD value has not reached a new high, which belongs to the top deviation and should be sold;
B) the stock price is low, but the KD value is not low, which belongs to the bottom deviation and should be bought;
C) The stock price has not reached a new high, but the KD value has reached a new high, which belongs to the top deviation and should be sold;
D) the stock price is not low, but the KD value is low, which belongs to the bottom deviation and should be bought;
It should be noted that the method of judging the deviation between the top and bottom of KDJ can only be compared with the KD value of the previous wave of high and low points, and can not be compared by jumping over.
two
1. When DIF breaks through DEA from bottom to top, a golden cross is formed, that is, white DIF is crossed by yellow DEA. Or the bar line (green bar line) is shortened, which is a buy signal.
2. When DIF breaks through DEA from top to bottom, it forms a dead fork, that is, white DIF wears yellow DEA. Or the bar line (red bar line) is shortened, which is a sell signal.
3. Top deviation: When the stock price index rises wave after wave, and DIF and DEA do not rise synchronously, but fall wave after wave, which forms a top deviation from the stock price trend. It indicates that the stock price is about to fall. If DIF crosses DEA twice from top to bottom at this time, forming two death crosses, the stock price will drop sharply.
4. Bottom deviation: When the stock price index goes down wave by wave, and DIF and DEA do not go down synchronously, but go up wave by wave, which forms a bottom deviation from the stock price trend, indicating that the stock price is about to rise. If DIF crosses DEA twice from bottom to top, forming two golden crosses, the stock price will rise sharply.
MACD indicator is mainly used to judge the long-term upward or downward trend of megatrends. When the stock price is in the market or the index fluctuation is not obvious, the MACD trading signal is not obvious. When the stock price fluctuates greatly in a short period of time, because the MACD moves quite slowly, it will not immediately generate a trading signal to the stock price change.
MACD mainly uses the long-term and short-term smooth moving averages to calculate the difference between them as the basis for judging market transactions. MACD indicator is a trend indicator based on the construction principle of moving average, which smoothes the closing price of the price (calculates the arithmetic average). It mainly consists of positive and negative difference (DIF) and difference average (DEA), in which positive and negative difference is the core and DEA is the auxiliary. DIF is the difference between fast smma (EMA 1) and slow smma (EMA2).
In the existing technical analysis software, the commonly used parameters of MACD are fast smma 12 and slow smma 26. In addition, MACD has an auxiliary indicator bar. In most technical analysis software, columnar lines are colored, green below axis 0 and red above axis 0. The former represents weakness, while the latter represents strength.
Let's talk about the basic principles that should be followed when using MACD indicators:
1. When the DIF and DEA are above the 0 axis, it is a bull market, and when the DIF line crosses the DEA line from bottom to top, it is a buy signal. When the DIF line crosses the DEA line from top to bottom, if the two lines are still running above the 0 axis, it can only be regarded as a short-term decline, and the trend inflection point cannot be determined. Whether to sell or not at this time needs to be judged by combining other indicators.
2. When the DIF and DEA are below the 0 axis, it is a short market. When the DIF line crosses the DEA line from top to bottom, it is a sell signal. When the DIF line crosses the DEA line from bottom to top, if the two lines are still running below the 0-axis, it can only be regarded as a short-term rebound, but the inflection point of the trend cannot be determined. At this time, whether to buy or not needs to be judged by combining other indicators.
3. Columnar line contraction and amplification. Generally speaking, the continuous contraction of columnar lines indicates that the strength of trend operation is gradually weakening. When the color of the column line changes, the trend determines the turning point. However, when using some short-term MACD indicators, this view cannot be fully established.
4. Form and deviation. MACD indicators also emphasize morphology and deviation. When the DIF line and MACD line of MACD indicators form a high bearish pattern, such as head and shoulders, double heads, etc. We should be vigilant; When the morphological MACD indicator DIF line and MACD line form a low bullish pattern, you should consider buying. When judging the shape, DIF line is the main one and MACD line is the auxiliary one. When the price continues to rise and MACD indicators come out one after another, it means that the top deviation appears, indicating that the price may turn around in the near future. When the price continues to fall, but MACD indicators come out one after another, it means that the bottom deviation appears, indicating that the price is about to end the decline and turn to rise.
5. The index of cowhide market will be distorted. When the price does not run from top to bottom or from bottom to top, but keeps running horizontally, we call it cowhide market. At this time, a false signal will be generated in the MACD indicator, and the intersection of the DIF line and the MACD line will be very frequent. At the same time, the retraction of column lines will occur frequently, and the color will often turn from green to red or from red to green. At this point, the MACD indicator is in a distorted state, and its use value will be reduced accordingly.
The curve shape of DIF is used for analysis, mainly using the deviation principle of indicators. Specifically: if the trend of DIF deviates from the trend of stock price, it is time to take concrete action. However, the accuracy of guiding the actual operation according to the above principles is not satisfactory. After practice, exploration and summary, the accuracy is greatly improved by comprehensively using 5-day, 10 moving average, 5-day, 10 moving average and MACD.
The white line in the macd indicator is the price moving average, and the yellow line is the MACD indicator that introduces the cost moving average.
MACD, also known as exponential smoothing average, is developed from double exponential moving average. The meaning of MACD is basically the same as that of double exponential moving average, but it is easier to read. When MACD turns from negative to positive, it is a buy signal. When MACD turns from positive to negative, it is a signal to sell. When the MACD changes at a large angle, it means that the gap between the fast moving average and the slow moving average expands very quickly, which represents the change of the market trend.
I. Definition of indicators
When applying MACD, the fast moving average (generally 12 days) and the slow moving average (generally 26 days) should be calculated first. These two values are used as the basis to measure the "difference" between the two (fast and slow lines). The so-called differential deviation value (DIF) is the EMA value of 12 minus the EMA value of 26. Therefore, in the continuous upward trend, the average of 12 is above the average of 26. At the same time, the positive deviation (+DIF) will become larger and larger. On the contrary, in the downward trend, the deviation value may become negative (-DIF) and become larger and larger. As for the market turning point, the positive and negative deviation should be reduced to a certain extent, which is the real signal of market reversal. The inversion signal of MACD is defined as the 9-day moving average (9-day moving average) of "deviation value". In the index smma calculation formula of MACD, the weight of trading day T+ 1 is added respectively. Taking the commonly used parameters 12 and 26 as examples, the formula is as follows:
Calculation of EMA on 12: EMA12 = EMA12x113+today's closing date X 2/ 13.
Calculation of EMA on 26th: EMA26 = EMA 26 x 25/27 of the previous day+closing X 2/27 today.
Calculation of DIF: DIF = EMA 12-EMA26.
According to the deviation value, the EMA of 9 days, that is, the average deviation value, is the DEA value. To avoid confusion with the original name of the index, this value is also called DEA or DEM.
Today's DEA = (DEA X 8/10 of the previous day+DIF X 2/ 10 of today)
Use (DIF- data envelopment analysis) *2 as the MACD histogram.
Therefore, the MACD indicator is composed of two lines and one column, the fast line is DIF, the slow line is DEA, and the histogram is MACD. In various investments, there are the following methods for investors' reference:
1. When both DIF and MACD are greater than 0 (that is, graphically above the zero line) and move upward, it generally indicates that the market is in a long market and you can buy open positions or long positions;
2. When both DIF and MACD are less than 0 (that is, graphically below the zero line) and move down, it generally means that the market is in a short market, and you can sell and open positions or wait and see.
3. When both DIF and MACD are greater than 0 (that is, graphically above the zero line) but both move down, it generally means that the market is in a downward stage and you can sell and open positions.
4. When both DIF and MACD are less than 0 (that is, graphically below the zero line) but move upward, it generally means that the market is about to rise and the stock will rise, and you can buy open positions or long positions.
The convergence deviation of moving average, referred to as MACD, is a technical index that uses the aggregation and separation between short-term average index and long-term average index to judge the trading opportunity.
MACD developed according to the principle of moving average overcomes the defect of frequent false signals of moving average and ensures the greatest success of moving average.
The principle of buying and selling is:
1.DIF and DEA are both positive, DIF breaks through DEA upwards and buys signal reference.
2. both DIF and DEA are negative numbers, dif falls below DEA and sells signal reference.
3. number three. The DIF line deviates from the K line, and the market may have a reversal signal.
4.4 changes. MACD values changing from positive to negative, or from negative to positive, are not trading signals, because they lag behind the market.
Second, the basic usage
1.MACD golden fork: DIFF breaks through DEA from bottom to top, which is a buy signal.
2.MACD dead fork: DIFF breaks through DEA from top to bottom, which is a selling signal.
3.MACD green turns red: MACD value turns from negative to positive, and the market turns from short to long.
4.MACD turns from red to green: MACD value turns from positive to negative, and the market turns from long to short.
5.DIFF and DEA are both positive values, that is, when both are above the zero axis, the megatrend belongs to a bull market, and DIFF breaks through DEA upwards and can be bought.
6.DIFF and DEA are both negative numbers, that is, when both are below the zero axis, the general trend is short market, and DIFF can be sold when it falls below DEA.
7. When the trend of DEA line deviates from the trend of K line, it is a reverse signal.
8.DEA has a high error rate in consolidating the situation, but if it cooperates with RSI and KD indicators, it can make up for the deficiency appropriately.
Third, the calculation method
MACD is to calculate the smma (moving average) difference of two indexes with different speeds (long-term and medium-term) as the basis for judging the market.
differential mechanism
1. The short-term indicator smma and the long-term indicator smma of the closing price are calculated first, and recorded as EMA (short) and EMA (long) respectively.
3. Find the difference of smma between these two indices, namely: diff = EMA (short) -EMA (long).
Drug control bureau
[14] and then calculate the smma of the m daily average of DIFF, and record it as DEA.
MACD
Finally, subtract DEA from DIFF to get MACD. MACD is usually plotted as a column chart fluctuating around the zero axis.
DIFF and DEA form two moving average lines, fast and slow, and the trading signal also depends on the intersection of these two lines. Obviously, MACD is a medium-and long-term investment technology tool. By default, when the short line = 12, the long line =26 and the middle line =9, the system will draw the difference line, DEA line and MACD line (column line).
Fourth, the structural principle
MACD indicator is a trend indicator based on the construction principle of moving average, which smoothes the closing price (calculates the weighted average). It mainly consists of positive and negative difference (DIF) and difference average (DEA), in which positive and negative difference is the core and DEA is the auxiliary. DIF is the difference between fast smma (EMA 1) and slow smma (EMA2). In the existing technical analysis software, the commonly used parameters of MACD are fast smma 12 and slow smma 26. In addition, MACD has an auxiliary indicator bar. In most technical analysis software, columnar lines are colored, green below axis 0 and red above axis 0. The former indicates a downward trend, while the latter indicates an upward trend. The longer the column line, the stronger the trend.
Let's talk about the basic principles that should be followed when using MACD indicators:
1. When the DIF and DEA are above the 0 axis, it belongs to a bull market.
2. When the DIF and DEA are below the 0-axis, it is a short market.
3. Contraction and enlargement of columnar lines.
4. The index of cowhide market will be distorted.
Shortcomings of verb (abbreviation of verb) indicator
1. Because MACD is a medium-and long-term indicator, the difference between buying and selling points and the lowest and highest prices is very large. When the market is too small or consolidating, you should enter the market according to the signal and exit immediately. Buyers and sellers may not make profits, and you may have to pay the difference or handling fee.
2. When the fluctuation range is particularly large in a day or two, MACD can't cope, because the action of MACD is quite mild, and there is a certain time difference compared with the action of the market. Therefore, once the market rises and falls rapidly and sharply, MACD will not immediately generate a signal. At this point, MACD can't work.