1. Forward contracts can help investors lock in future prices and reduce the risk of price fluctuations.

2. Futures contracts can be used for speculation and arbitrage, and can also be used to hedge risks.

3. Options can provide investors with the flexibility to buy or sell assets in the future, and can also be used to hedge risks.

4. Swaps can be used to exchange different types of assets or cash flows to help investors achieve specific financial goals.