Container (container)
Large loading containers with certain strength, rigidity and specifications are used for turnover. When goods are transshipped in containers, they can be directly loaded in the consignor's warehouse and transported to the consignee's warehouse for unloading. There is no need to change cars and boats halfway. According to the types of goods, there are grocery containers, bulk containers, liquid cargo containers, refrigerated containers and so on. According to the manufacturing materials, there are wooden containers, steel containers, aluminum alloy containers, glass fiber reinforced plastic containers, stainless steel containers and so on. According to the structure, there are folding containers and fixed containers. And fixed containers can be divided into closed containers, open-top containers and shelf containers. According to the total weight, there are 30 tons of containers, 20 tons of containers, 10 tons of containers, 5 tons of containers and 2.5 tons of containers. Twenty foot equivalent unit
Also known as the 20-foot conversion unit. Calculate the conversion unit of container quantity. At present, container transportation in various countries mostly adopts 20-foot and 40-foot containers. In order to unify the calculation of the number of containers, 20-foot containers are used as a calculation unit. As two calculation units, 40-foot containers are convenient for unified calculation of container operations.
Container leasing (container leasing)
The business in which the owner rents out empty containers to users. The owner of the container is the leased container, and the user is usually the shipping company or the owner of the container, and the two parties sign a lease contract. Qualified containers provided by the lessor shall be used by the lessee within the agreed scope. There are various ways of container leasing in the world, which can be summarized as voyage leasing, time leasing, current leasing and internal leasing in navigation areas.
container terminal
In container transportation, the specific handling department responsible for exchanging and keeping containers or goods. Entrusted by the carrier or its agent, the following businesses are carried out: (1) replacement and storage of FCL freight. (2) If there is container freight station, handle the delivery of LCL goods. (3) Arrange container ships to berth, load and unload containers, and prepare stowage plans for each voyage. (4) Prepare and sign the relevant shipping documents. (5) Prepare and sign relevant documents on the entry, exit and circulation of containers using vehicles. (6) Inspection and maintenance of loading and unloading of containers, vehicles and handling tools, as well as cleaning and fumigation of empty containers. (7) Receiving, sending, storing and keeping empty containers. (8) Arrange the stacking of empty boxes and heavy boxes in the yard, and prepare the site configuration plan. (9) Other related business work. The container loading and unloading area is generally composed of special wharf, frontier, storage yard, freight station, control tower, repair department, gate and office. Sometimes the freight yard or freight station can extend to the transfer station of 5~ 15 km in the city.
Marshalling station in front of container
In front of the container terminal, in order to speed up the loading and unloading operation of ships, the site where containers are temporarily stacked. Its function is: before the container ship arrives in Hong Kong, the export containers will be piled up in a planned and orderly manner according to the stowage requirements, and the imported containers will be temporarily stacked in front of the dock when unloading the ship, so as to speed up the loading and unloading operation of the ship.
Container yard behind containers
A place where heavy or empty containers are handed over, kept and stacked. In some countries, container yards are collectively referred to as yards, regardless of frontcourt and backcourt. The yard behind the container is an integral part of the container loading and unloading area. It is a place where the whole container of goods is handed over in the way of "on-site" handover of container transportation (actually at the "door" of container unloading area).
Empty container yard (truck pool)
A place dedicated to collecting, storing, stacking or handing over empty containers. It is specially designed for container loading and unloading areas or transfer stations when the storage yard is insufficient. This kind of freight yard does not handle the handover of heavy containers or goods. It can operate independently or be set outside the container loading and unloading area. In some capitalist countries, the operation of such empty container yards needs to be declared to shipping associations.
Transit station or inland warehouse.
A transfer station or distribution center for container transportation outside the harbor. Its function is the same as that of the container loading and unloading area, except that there is no loading and unloading operation of the container ship. The measurement of transfer stations or inland stations includes urban transfer stations at container loading and unloading ports, inland cities and inland stations at inland ports.
container freight station:cfs
The place where ships and goods are handed over to LCL for packaging and unpacking. The carrier can only entrust a container freight station operator in a port or inland city. It handles the following main businesses on behalf of the carrier: (1) tally and handover of LCL. (2) If there is any abnormality in the commodity appearance inspection, it shall be indicated. (3) LCL loading and packaging. (4) Unpacking and storage of imported unpackaged goods. (5) Seal up the carrier and issue a station receipt. (6) Handling all kinds of documents and preparations, etc.
Shipper's liability
Shipper's responsibility in container transportation. This responsibility is different from traditional shipping. The responsibility of LCL shipper is the same as that of traditional shipping. The responsibility of FCL shippers goes beyond the scope of traditional transportation:
(1) Ensure that the reported freight information is correct and complete. (2) The carrier has the right to inspect the goods contained in the box, and the expenses arising from the inspection shall be borne by the shipper. (3) If the customs or other authorities open the box for inspection, the shipper shall bear the expenses and the resulting damage and discrepancy. (4) If the container goods do not meet the requirements, or the dunnage is poor, the stowage is improper, or the goods unsuitable for container transportation are loaded, resulting in damage or defective goods, the shipper shall be responsible. (5) If the shipper's own unseaworthy container is used, the shipper shall be responsible for the cargo damage accident caused. (6) The shipper shall be liable for the loss of property or life to a third party caused by the use of the carrier's containers and equipment.
Limits of liability
The maximum amount of compensation that the carrier should bear in case of cargo damage and cargo difference in container transportation. The liability limitation of LCL goods is the same as that of traditional transportation. According to some international precedents, if the bill of lading does not indicate the quantity of goods contained in the box, each box will be regarded as a claim calculation unit. If the bill of lading lists the number of pieces in the container, it shall still be calculated according to the number of pieces. If the damage and loss of the goods occur in inland transportation instead of maritime transportation, it shall be handled according to the maximum compensation for land transportation. If the container is owned or provided by the shipper and is lost or damaged, the responsibility shall be borne by the carrier and shall also be regarded as a claim calculation unit. The same responsibility system (unified responsibility system)
The liability system of multimodal transport operators for damage to goods. According to this system, the carrier who issues the whole bill of lading is responsible for the whole transportation to the owner. In other words, no matter which stage of transportation the goods are damaged or defective, they should bear the same responsibility. If we can find out the transportation stage where the damage occurred, the through carrier can recover from the actual carrier at that transportation stage after compensation.
Network responsibility system (network responsibility system)
The liability system of multimodal transport operators for damage to goods. According to this system, although the carrier who issues the through bill of lading is still responsible for the whole process, the damage compensation is not the same as the same liability system, but is responsible according to the responsibility content of the transportation stage where the damage occurred. For example, if the damage occurs at the stage of maritime transport, it shall be handled in accordance with the international freight rules; If it occurs in the stage of railway or highway transportation, it shall be handled in accordance with relevant international or domestic laws.
Shipping Association Freight Conference Container Rules.
In order to monopolize container transportation on their own routes, shipping associations have formulated container transportation rules used by suppliers in capitalist countries. These rules shall be formulated by the trade union according to the route within the business scope of the trade union. Therefore, the content of the rules of each guild is different, but the basic spirit is the same, that is, the responsibilities of both parties are the same. The contents of the rules generally include the following aspects: (1) container loading and unloading port, decentralized transportation. (2) Interpretation of special terms in container transportation. (three) the responsibilities of both the ship and the cargo when various modes of transportation are handed over. (4) Booking procedures and declaration of freight information. (5) Various clauses include bill of lading, additional batch clauses, port clauses and contingency clauses. (6) Issuing bills of lading. (7) Equipment handover procedures, free time and demurrage. (8) Delivery procedures. (nine) the calculation method and payment method of freight. (10) Collection method of various expense items and reserve for rate change. (1 1) Provisions on monetary system, depreciation and appreciation. (12) inland transportation regulations and charges.
Receiving and transmitting system
In container transportation, there are several ways to transfer FCL goods and LCL goods between the two parties:
(1) door-to-door: after the container loaded by the shipper is handed over to the carrier for acceptance from its warehouse or factory warehouse, it is responsible for the whole transportation until it is delivered to the consignee's warehouse or factory warehouse. The whole process of this connection transportation is called "door to door" transportation.
(2)cy gate: container loading and unloading yard from consignor warehouse or factory warehouse to destination port or unloading port.
(cfs gate: from the consignor's warehouse or factory warehouse to the destination or unloading port of container freight station.
(4) cy to door: from the container loading and unloading yard at the place of departure or packaging port to the consignee's warehouse or factory warehouse.
(5) cy to cy: From the container loading yard at the place of departure or packing port to the container loading yard at the destination or unloading port.
(6) cy to cfs: From the container loading yard at the place of departure or loading port to container freight station at the destination or unloading port.
(7) cfs to the door: from container freight station at the place of departure or packing port to the warehouse or factory warehouse of the consignee.
(8) cfs to cy: the container loading and unloading yard from container freight station at the place of departure or packing port to the destination or unloading port.
(9) cfs to cfs: from container freight station at the place of departure or loading port to container freight station at the destination or unloading port.
Container full load (FCL)
Relative conditions of LCL. The shipper is responsible for packing, counting, stowage and sealing the goods. The consignee is generally responsible for unpacking the whole container. But you can also entrust the carrier to unpack at the freight station. However, the carrier is not responsible for the damage and difference of the goods in the box. Unless the cargo side proves that the damage is really caused by the accident of the carrier's responsibility, the carrier will be responsible for compensation. The carrier shall take the container as the delivery unit of the whole container. As long as the appearance of the container is similar to that when it is received, and the lead seal is complete, the carrier has fulfilled the carrier's responsibility. On the whole box of freight bill of lading, it is necessary to add the clause of "shipper's box, number and seal".
Less than container load (LCL)
A relative term for a whole case of goods. Less than a whole box of small ticket goods. This kind of goods are usually collected by the carrier separately, concentrated in container freight station or inland station, and then two or more tickets are assembled in a container, and delivered separately at the destination of container freight station or inland station. For this kind of goods, the carrier has to undertake the operation of packing and unpacking, and the packing and unpacking fee is still charged to the cargo side. The carrier's responsibility for LCL goods is basically the same as that of traditional grocery transportation.
number of slots
The number of containers that a full container ship can record. Each container ship expresses its container load in 20-foot conversion unit.
time
On the container yard, draw a regular grid according to the corresponding proportion of containers to indicate the position of stacked containers. There are numbers on the box to facilitate shipment.
Line number (interval number)
Horizontal loading position of containers on special ships. The numbering method is from the bow to the stern: 0 1, 02,03. ...
Line number (line number)
Also known as the column number. Tandem loading position of containers on special ships. There are two ways to mark: one is to mark from the port side to the right: 0 1, 02 ... and the other is to mark from the left and right in the middle. The port side is a single number, coded from the center line to the left as 0 1, 03, 05 ..., and the center line is coded to the starboard side as even number: 02, 04, 06. ...
Layer number (layer number)
Vertical volume loading position of special ship containers. There are two numbering methods: deck and warehouse. The numbers on the deck are numbered from top to bottom. What's in front of the number? Quot "d" cabin number is numbered from top to bottom, and an "h" is added before the number.
Slot number (slot number)
Loading position of container on the ship. It consists of six numbers, the first two numbers are line numbers, the middle two numbers are line numbers, and the last two numbers are layer numbers. For example, slot 0402D 1 indicates that this container is stacked on the first floor of the second deck on the starboard side of the fourth row.
Container pre-loading diagram
Container ship packaging plan. The loading and unloading area is also packed accordingly. The stowage plan is compiled by ocean shipping agency (container loading and unloading area in capitalist countries) according to the booking list, packing list and stowage plan of the yard. Moreover, after the ship arrives in port, it will be loaded with the consent of the ship. If it is a stopover and the ship has already loaded the container, the relevant information should be telegraphed to the ship for stowage, and then the corresponding arrangement should be made after the call back. The stowage plan consists of rows, columns and floors of container ships. When loading, the following requirements must be met: (1) Ensure the strength of the longitudinal section of the ship and the stability of the ship. (2) Keep the ideal draft difference, so that the ship can achieve the best navigation performance, that is, it has good maneuverability and rapidity. (3) Make full use of the ship's deadweight and cabin capacity. (4) Ensure that the container is intact in the cabin and safe on the deck. (5) It is convenient for loading and unloading. (6) How many targets are jealous? What happened? What is rhyme? What's the goal? Sha Fei? Hey? /p & gt；
Station receipt (dock receipt)
The carrier entrusts the container loading and unloading area, transfer station or inland station to receive the receipt issued after the whole container or LCL. The station receipt shall be compiled by the consignor. Just like a batch of goods is packed in several containers, it is packed first and then accepted. It is not until the last container is accepted that the port station administrator signs for it on the station receipt. When the station receives the whole box of goods, if the appearance or packaging of LCL goods is abnormal, it should be noted. The station receipt is equivalent to the first mate receipt in traditional transportation. It is a certificate for the shipper to exchange bills of lading with the shipping company.
Container (container)
Large loading containers with certain strength, rigidity and specifications are used for turnover. When goods are transshipped in containers, they can be directly loaded in the consignor's warehouse and transported to the consignee's warehouse for unloading. There is no need to change cars and boats halfway. According to the types of goods, there are grocery containers, bulk containers, liquid cargo containers, refrigerated containers and so on. According to the manufacturing materials, there are wooden containers, steel containers, aluminum alloy containers, glass fiber reinforced plastic containers, stainless steel containers and so on. According to the structure, there are folding containers and fixed containers. And fixed containers can be divided into closed containers, open-top containers and shelf containers. According to the total weight, there are 30 tons of containers, 20 tons of containers, 10 tons of containers, 5 tons of containers and 2.5 tons of containers.
Bulk container (solid bulk container)
There are 2-3 loading ports at the top of the box, and a funnel-shaped unloading port at the bottom or end door for loading bulk cargo. When loading, it is usually poured out from the loading port at the top of the box, and it can be sucked out from the loading port when unloading, or the other end of the container can be tilted and lifted by using an automatic tilting chassis truck, and the goods can automatically flow out from the unloading port at the bottom or end door. Bulk containers are suitable for loading bulk grains such as rice, wheat and soybeans, as well as various kinds of feed, resin, borax, cement, sand and gravel. When loading food, because the pot is knocked on the human machine, it is concave. What is your salary? Wake up? What's the matter with you? /p & gt；
Refrigerated container (refrigerated container)
Refrigerated container (refrigerated container)
Insulated container (insulated container)
Closed container for transporting fresh fish, fresh meat, frozen food, fruits, vegetables, films, medicines and other goods that need to be kept at a certain temperature. There are two kinds: refrigerated containers and insulated containers.
(1) Refrigerated containers generally have a built-in freezer at the front of the box. When the refrigerator works, cold air is blown out from the ventilation pipe at the rear end of the box body, passes through the gap between the ribs on the box body wall and the ventilation guide rail at the bottom of the box body, and returns to the refrigerator through the cold air suction port on the front end wall for circulation. In order to improve the cooling effect, the wall, top and bottom of the whole refrigerated container are covered with heat insulation materials. The working temperature of the refrigerated container is between -28℃ and +26℃, which can be automatically adjusted according to the needs of the goods to keep the temperature inside the container constant.
(2) The insulated container is mainly used for loading fresh goods such as fruits and vegetables. Generally, cold agents such as dry ice are used to prevent the temperature in the box from rising excessively. Usually, the heat preservation time is about 72 hours. There are enough heat insulation structures around and up and down the box.
Flat container (platform container)
Containers with only bottom, four corner columns and several detachable side columns, but no top, side walls and end walls (some with detachable end walls). The utility model has the advantage that it is convenient for cranes or forklifts to load and unload goods from above or from the side. Suitable for loading heavy machinery, steel, vehicles, pipelines, logs, covered electrode, steel ingots and barreled goods. Because there are no vertical and horizontal members in the upper part of the frame container, in order to prevent the corner column from being deformed and affecting the operation of the container spreader, the strength of the corner column is required to be high.
Overall external dimensions of containers.
Including the permanent accessories of the container. What's the name of the container? What about overseas Chinese? Ah, you are lazy at the altar, aren't you lazy? Annoying theft bureau? Hey? Xie Wei is making trouble in the dark? Ask? J, I'm sorry, but I'm sorry International ankle persimmon thin? Internal dimensions of containers
Maximum length, width and height dimensions of container interior. The height is the distance from the bottom plate of the box body to the bottom of the top plate of the box body, the width is the distance between two inner linings, and the length is the distance from the inner side plate of the box door to the inner lining plate of the end wall. It determines the internal volume of the container and the maximum size of the goods in the container.
Infinite capacity of container
The loading volume calculated according to the internal dimensions of the container. Containers of the same specification have slightly different internal volumes due to different structures and manufacturing materials. The internal volume of containers is an important technical data that materials departments or other packers must master.
EIR
Proof that the container owner or lessee entrusts the container loading and unloading area, transfer station or inland station to hand over the container and its carrying equipment between the container owner or his representative. The bill of lading shall be sent to the shipper by the carrier or its agent, so as to pick up or return the heavy boxes or light boxes from the district or station. There are handover clauses on the back of the first page of the handover form. The main contents are the expenses incurred during the use of containers and equipment by the cargo side, the division of responsibilities when the equipment and the loaded goods are damaged or lost, and the commitment to compensate the third party for the damage. Equipment handover is generally handled at the gate of the community or station. Equipment includes containers, chassis trucks, trolleys and motors. Handover forms are divided into "going out" and "entering".
Basic port (basic port)
This is a port where liner companies usually call at regular intervals. Most of them are large ports located in the center, with good port equipment and stable goods. If it is stipulated as the basic port, the cargo volume will no longer be limited. Generally, the goods delivered to the basic ports are directly transported without transshipment. But sometimes, because the cargo volume is too small, the ship decides to transship midway, and the ship will make its own arrangements and bear the transshipment expenses. Collect freight from the shipper according to the basic port freight rate, and no transshipment surcharge or direct surcharge is allowed. And shall issue a direct bill of lading.
Non-basic port
All ports except basic ports are called non-basic ports. Non-base ports generally charge transshipment surcharges in addition to the basic port fees. When a certain amount is reached, it will be changed to direct surcharge. For example, Honiara on the New Guinea route is the basic port of Solomon Islands. Kita port is a non-basic port. A transshipment surcharge of $43.00/ft will be added to the freight of goods shipped to Quetta Port on the basis of Huna freight.
basic rate
Freight rate is the price per unit of goods, such as the price per ton or per cubic meter, that is, the price per freight ton, that is, the unit of freight. English can also be said to be the unit price of freight
The basic freight rate is the basic freight unit price that must be charged for the goods in the freight table, and it is the calculation basis for charging surcharges for other percentages. Liner freight consists of basic freight and surcharge (if any). Therefore, some ports only look for the basic rate, not necessarily the complete unit price of actually calculated freight. For example, the basic rate of 10 bulk cargo is $84/ft; For a two-way ship whose East African route is transferred from Hong Kong to Port Louis, Mauritius; The port surcharge is $4/ft.
Comparison of freight terms between Chinese and English
Transportation |||||| Transportation
Transport to transport |||||| Transport ||| Transfer
Transport business | freight business | carrier trade
Transport agent
Carrier Freight Forwarder || Carrier
shipping agent
land transportation
marine transport
Freight transport | freight transport | freight transport | freight transport
Cargo ship cargo ship cargo ship cargo ship cargo ship cargo ship cargo ship
Freight train
Truck | truck | truck | truck | truck
The freight department of the freight department
Freight rate freight rate freight rate freight rate
Freight |||| Freight || Express Fee
Freight ||
Freight Prepayment Freight Prepayment
To pay the freight | to pay the freight
Free freight || Free transportation
Agreement Freight Association Freight || Freight Rate
Freight bill freight account
Consignment waybill || invoice
carriage contract
Shipment |||| Loading
Load a cargo ship onto a ship.
Freight ||| transport commission
Waybill |||| manifest invoice
Shipping documents
mate's receipt
shipping order
bill of lading
consignment note
parcel receipt
Quasi-shipment license
Charter freight contract
charterer
Voyage charter party
Time charter party
Allowable loading and unloading time || Laying days
workday
Running days |||| Result days
demurrage charges
Stagnation days
dispatch money
dead freight
Export shortage delivery |||||| Goods shortage delivery |||| Goods stop production |||| Stop production
Letter of compensation |||| Trust receipt
Load loading
Unloading | unloading | unloading | landing
Shipping weight |||| Receiving weight
Unloading weight landing weight
Ballast of ballast
Ballast cargo in ballast
cargo manifest
ship's certificate of registry
journal
muster-roll
Health certificate (crew, passengers) Health certificate
clean bill/draft
Dirty bill of lading
Suspicious bill of lading
Explanation of aviation trade terms
Bill of Lading Bill of Lading refers to the document that proves that the contract of carriage by sea and the goods have been received or loaded by the carrier, and the carrier guarantees delivery at the port of destination.
The on-board bill of lading refers to the bill of lading issued by the carrier to the shipper that the goods have been shipped.
The bill of lading received or received for shipment refers to the bill of lading issued when the carrier receives the goods but has not shipped them.
Direct bill of lading refers to the bill of lading issued by the goods after loading from the loading port and sailing directly to the unloading port without changing ships.
Full bill of lading or transhipment bill of lading refers to the bill of lading issued by the carrier at the loading port and transshipped to the destination port.
Multi-modal bill of lading refers to the bill of lading which is suitable for the whole transportation and is signed by two or more modes of transportation such as sea, inland river, railway, highway and aviation.
Liner Bill of Lading Liner Bill of Lading refers to a ship that continuously carries goods on specific routes between specific ports according to the published schedule. Gaskets can be divided into two types: regular and irregular.
Charter party bill of lading generally refers to the bill of lading issued by the shipowner to the charterer, or the bill of lading issued by the shipowner or the charterer, not all the goods of the charterer.
Only the consignee named in the bill of lading can take delivery of the goods. Generally speaking, the registered bill of lading is non-negotiable.
A straight bill of lading indicating a bill of lading usually has unlisted instructions (written instructions only) and listing instructions (shipper's instructions or consignee's instructions to * * company; ; * * bank instructions). This bill of lading can be transferred after endorsement is instructed.
A blank bill of lading or an open bill of lading does not contain any consignee or order, that is, any holder of the bill of lading has the right to take delivery.
The goods in the clean bill of lading are in good surface condition, and the carrier did not put forward any opinions on the damage, poor packaging or other obstacles to foreign exchange settlement when issuing the bill of lading.
Fouling of unclean bill of lading When the bill of lading is delivered, the packaging and surface state are not firm and complete, and the ship can make comments, which is an unclean bill of lading.
A bill of lading or non-negotiable receipt is applicable to small quantities of goods, luggage or samples.
The lowest freight bill of lading or the lowest freight bill of lading does not reach the minimum amount stipulated in the freight rate, but it is charged according to the stipulated minimum freight rate.
Combined Bill of Lading Mixed bill of lading or different batches of combined bill of lading goods are combined in one bill of lading, or different batches of the same liquid goods are packed in one oil tank. When issuing multiple bills of lading, the former is called combined bill of lading and the latter is called combined bill of lading.
A batch of goods divided into bills of lading, that is, goods with the same bill of lading, can be divided into two or more sets of bills of lading according to the shipper's requirements.
The date when the exporter delivers the settlement documents to the bank is too long from the sailing date of the ship, so that it is impossible to reach the expired bill of lading of the consignee at the destination port before the ship arrives at the destination port. Banks generally do not accept this kind of bill of lading.
Exchange of Bills of Lading A set of bills of lading issued at the port of departure of SWITCH B/L and renewed at the midway port as a stopover or transit point for this batch of goods.
Bill of Lading with Back Date The carrier issued the bill of lading before the actual loading completion date at the request of the shipper.
Advanced b/l Bill of Lading ADVANCED B/L Due to the expiration of the shipment date and settlement date stipulated in the letter of credit, the goods cannot be shipped for some reason, but the goods are under the control of the carrier or have already started to be shipped, and the shipper issues a letter of guarantee to require the carrier to borrow the bill of lading for the goods in advance.
DECK B/L manifest bill of lading or deck cargo bill of lading refers to the bill of lading that the goods are loaded on the open deck of a ship and marked "on deck".
Bill of lading issued by freight forwarder. Bill of lading is often issued when goods are transported from inland to inland. Technically and strictly legally, this kind of bill of lading lacks the effect of bill of lading.
International multimodal transport According to the consignor's entrustment, the multimodal transport operator transports the goods from the receiving place of goods in one country to the designated delivery place in another country in at least two different modes of transport, one of which is by sea. This mode of transportation is called international multimodal transport. Its main forms are: land transport, sea transport, air transport and sea-rail combined transport.
International logistics refers to the logistics activities in which commodity entities move from one country or region to another due to international trade activities between countries or regions in the world.