This hypothesis stipulates the accounting measurement means, and points out that the production and operation activities of enterprises and their achievements can be embodied in money. It implies two meanings, namely, the uniqueness of money and the invariance of money value.

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The monetary measurement hypothesis is the most controversial. First of all, monetary measurement can't express the information of employees' quality, product quality and market competitiveness, which makes accounting information limited to monetary quantification ... In today's knowledge economy era, the knowledge and employees of enterprises are increasingly becoming the most important assets of company presidents, so human resource accounting began to appear as early as the 1960s. However, it must be pointed out that although human resource accounting extends accounting information to qualitative information, it assumes that the cost of human assets can be monetized like physical assets. In fact, the emergence of electronic money strengthens the hypothesis of monetary measurement, and the essence of accounting information is digital currency information; Secondly, due to various reasons, inflation appeared at the beginning of the 20th century, especially after World War II, and sustained inflation spread all over the world, shaking the assumption that "monetary stability" is the premise of historical cost. Because income is measured at current price and expenses are measured at historical cost in accounting statements, income cannot be measured correctly in the case of inflation, which leads to price change accounting and current cost accounting. The dispute between them and the traditional historical cost lies in whether the change of asset value caused by currency change will produce income. Defenders of historical cost accounting, such as lyttleton, believe that price changes cannot generate income by themselves. The inflation index in western countries generally falls below 50%, so the influence of inflation can no longer be considered. At the same time, since the deregulation of interest rates and exchange rates in the mid-1970s, facing the rapidly changing money market, enterprises have adopted derivative financial instruments such as forward, futures and options to avoid the risk of currency changes.

network environment

research status

In the era of network economy, with the development of Internet, funds flow at high speed among enterprises, banks and countries, and capital market transactions are active, which intensifies the instability of money demand and impacts the hypothesis of money stability. In the IT environment, because the Internet has broken through the limitation of time and space, transactions between different currencies are very easy, especially cross-border transactions conducted through the Internet, which can be measured in multiple currencies, and unified electronic money is used as the accounting measurement scale.

The challenge to monetary stability is not to deny monetary measurement. Monetary measurement is the historical choice of accounting measurement in different measurement methods, and it is the most suitable measurement method. The challenge to monetary stability is to change the nature of monetary measurement, which is different from changing the scale of monetary measurement, not denying the hypothesis of monetary measurement. Under the condition of inflation, people use one of the two measurement attributes of general price level or current cost to replace the measurement attribute of historical cost, but it does not change the monetary measurement scale, that is, it does not change the monetary measurement hypothesis. Because the general price level or current cost is the content of monetary measurement.

Using unified electronic money as the accounting measurement standard does not deny the hypothesis of monetary measurement. The difference between electronic money and traditional money lies in their different space, different communication channels and different calculation time. As a comprehensive measurement scale, their functions are the same. In accounting, they pay more attention to the essence of the problem than the form of the problem. Currency is not a completely stable unit of measurement, but in order to ensure the consistency and comparability of accounting information, we must adhere to the assumption of currency stability. Under the IT environment, it is debatable whether the same accounting element can be measured in multiple currencies in one or several accounting periods, but not at the same time.

However, in the IT era when accounting information is generally reported to the outside world, it is still impossible to measure the same accounting elements in different currencies. This is because one of the quality standards of accounting information is clarity, which emphasizes that accounting information should be understood by the public. For the public in most specific areas, the obtained accounting information contains currencies they are not familiar with, which will hinder their correct understanding of accounting information, thus making accounting information invalid. In addition, due to the different purchasing power levels of different currencies, it is not accurate to express the same accounting element directly with several currencies and get the result of the increase or decrease of this accounting element. For example, the total amount of fixed assets expressed in several currencies is not directly comparable, and a simple summary has no economic significance.