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Jianmenguan and Three Kingdoms Culture
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Hulao Pass
Hulao Pass Tourist Area is located in Sishui Town, at the northwest of the city 16 km, named after the West Zhou Muwang. The Qin dynasty set up a pass here, the Han dynasty set up a county here, and later feudal dynasties all fortified here. Hulao Pass is bordered by Song Yue in the south and the Yellow River in the north, and the mountains are interlaced, forming its own natural barrier. Its potential is great, one person can keep it, and ten thousand people can't force it. It is a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties, especially the three wars against Lu Bu, which made it famous.
Tongguan, located in Tongguan County, Shaanxi Province, was named after its proximity to water, and was called Taolinsai in ancient times. South of the Qinling Mountains, there is a danger of forbidden ditches and deep valleys. There are Weihe River and Luohe River in the north, and the Yellow River will be closed. There is a barrier of Huashan in the west; The mountains in the east are connected, and the valleys are deep and the cliffs are unique. The narrow path that passes through them can only accommodate one car and one ride. During this period, people can overlook the Yellow River, which is extremely dangerous. As the poet described it: "The mountain is strong and the door is closed to Kyushu." When Tongguan was established, there is no specific explanation in historical documents. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms Emperor Wudi, Cao Cao defeated Ma Chao in Tongguan in 2 1 1 year, indicating that Tongguan had been built before this. After renovation in Tang, Song, Ming, Qing and even the Republic of China, it was basically well preserved. The circumference of Guancheng is about 5 kilometers, north and northeast. It is made of earth walls and covered with slate and blue bricks. It is16m high and 8m wide. South and southeast, cut into piles along the mountain, up to 30 meters. In addition to opening six doors, there are two water gates in the north and south. About 3 kilometers east of Tongguan, there is a forbidden ditch from Tang Dynasty to Ming and Qing Dynasties. For the safety of Tongguan, a 12 earth platform was rammed along the banks of the forbidden ditch, which is a defensive military fortress. Because the earth platform is basically connected with Tongguan City, it is called "Twelve Liancheng". Tongguan, as the east gate of Guanzhong, has experienced dozens of battles. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao and Ma Chao fought in Tongguan, and Ma Chao fought Cao Shi according to custom. Later, Cao Cao skillfully seized Tongguan with his own intelligence. At the end of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Wen of Sui usurped the throne, and when the Sui Dynasty was established in Luoyang, Yang Shangxi was secretly sent to guard Tongguan to solve its western invasion. In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, An Lushan captured Luoyang, advanced on Tongguan, occupied Tongguan with double spies, shocked the capital, and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty fled hastily. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Huang Chao's army captured Tongguan and took Chang 'an directly. After the "Jingkang Revolution" in the Song Dynasty, Tongguan was paid in gold, and the Jin Dynasty was later forced by the Mongolian army to move its capital to Bianjing. Concentrate the troops completely near Tongguan. Someone once said to Mongolian Temujin, "Jin Ting lived in Bian Jiang for twenty years, and only Tongguan and the Yellow River were kept." So in A.D. 1233, when the Mongols besieged Bianjing, they first seized Tongguan. At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang also broke Tongguan first, and the whole Guanshan area was quickly pacified. During the War of Liberation, Chen Geng and Xie Fuzhi Corps of the People's Liberation Army took advantage of the emptiness in southern Shaanxi and western Henan, crossed the Yellow River in the south, and maneuvered in Luoyang section of Tongguan, looking for opportunities to annihilate the enemy, opening up the base areas in Henan, Shaanxi and Hubei, creating a favorable situation for the victory of the War of Liberation. (From Dong Yao, a famous Great Wall expert, The Great Wall of Wan Li.
Due to the lack of historical books, it is impossible to verify the exact time when Tongguan was built. The place name of Tongguan in historical books was first found in the History of the Three Kingdoms? ; Shu Wei? ; Emperor Wu Ji: "At that time, the generals in Guanzhong were suspicious and wanted to attack themselves. Ma Chao rebelled with Han Sui, Yang Qiu, Li Kan and Cheng Yi. Send Coss to beg. Super Tun Tongguan ... ".
When Tongguan was first built, it was located between Yangjiazhuang and Sijiaoying in the southeast of the port town of Tongguan County, Shaanxi Province, about 2-3 kilometers away from the port town.
Tongguan County is adjacent to Weihe River and Yellow River in the north, with high terrain in the south and low terrain in the north. The south is adjacent to the Qinling Mountains, with an altitude of 800- 1800 meters, accounting for 1/3 of the whole Tongguan County. The middle part is the remnant of loess, with an altitude of 400-800 meters. After more than 1000 years of scouring and cutting, the original surface is broken and the ditches are deep and steep. In the north, the Yellow River and Weihe River impact plain, with an average elevation of more than 300 meters, occupies the smallest area, about 16%. There are seven valleys in the county, which originated in Qinling Mountains. From east to west, it is: Western Regions, Tongyu, Mountain Bike, Yu Tai, Cocoon, Gaocha and Yuyu. The water of the first five grains is merged in the south of Potou Village, southeast of the port town, and then injected into the Yellow River in Lingbao County, Henan Province, which is called Yuanwanggou. The last two valleys merge into one in the south of Sujia Village, and the Weihe River flows into the east of the port town (old Tongguan), which is called forbidden ditch or golden ditch.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Tongguan City was above Nanyuan. Nanyuan is slightly flat, but the overall terrain is narrow (about 2 kilometers wide from east to west), with an altitude of about 550 meters. On both sides are Yuanwanggou and Jingou, with deep flowing water. The relative height difference between these two deep ditches and Nanyuan is more than 200 meters.
When Guancheng was in this site (the Sui and Tang Dynasties changed to Tongguan site), the main passage between Kansai and Kanto was Huangxiangban, 35 miles northwest of the township. The north of this road is separated from the Yellow River by a high cliff, and the south of the road is Nanyuan. The road is sandwiched between cliffs, about 15 miles long, and the cars are irregular. Go along Sakamoto Road to the mouth of Yuanwang Goukou, then climb Nanyuan from the gully, then enter Tongguan City, then go down to the forbidden ditch in Kansai, and then go west along the Buddhist Road on the south bank of Weihe River to really reach Guanzhong.
From Huangxiangban to the east, it is Taolinsai. Taolinsai is surrounded by a large area of virgin forest, and the flat land is Sangtian Plain.
Why does a flat land stand out in the virgin forest? According to ancient legends, the formation of Sangtian Garden is related to the daily life of Kuafu. Kuafu was exhausted when he chased him here from the East China Sea. When he fell, he crushed a large area of trees. The stick in his hand is made of mahogany. After Kuafu's death, peach trees took root and sprouted, so Sangtian planted peach trees here. Although the specific reasons for the formation are not very clear, it is said that Taolin existed at the cutting week. After the attack of King Wu, "Ma Fang Nan Shan, Niu Fang Tao Lin" refers to this place. During the Warring States Period, it became the place where Qin Jun guarded Hangu Pass, so it was called Taolinsai.
Yangpingguan: Hanyang Guanping is located at the intersection of Baima River and Hanshui River in Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province.