Fraud of the Soviet ruble
The Soviet ruble is one of the most influential currencies in the world. From tsarist Russia to the former Soviet Union and now Russia, its influence has experienced ups and downs with the change of its international status. When the wheel of history rolled to 1989, the ruble changed in essence. It was in this year that the Soviet Union announced the reform of the exchange rate system, from the original fixed exchange rate system to the dual exchange rate system. 199 1 After the disintegration of the Soviet Union on February 25, 2000, the mission of the ruble continued in the Russian Federation, but its status was shaky. It is inevitable that unrest will happen again. Sure enough, in 1993, Russia * * * carried out the biggest ruble reform in history, replacing the old ruble with a new one, and the old ruble issued in 196 1 year completely withdrew from the historical stage.
Moscow, which has no financial defense line, began financial liberalization without preparation and supervision, which brought profound disasters to the Soviet Union. The reform of market economy, regarded as a western classic, began to be implemented, and the privatization of state-owned enterprises without plans and standards began to advance gradually. Under seemingly fair conditions, the original state-owned enterprises in the Soviet Union were distributed equally to everyone. According to relevant data, at that time, each Soviet citizen was allocated about 654.38+10,000-10.5 million rubles of state-owned assets, of course, in the form of shareholding system reform and securitization of state-owned enterprises. 65438+ million-1.5 million rubles was a lot of wealth at that time, about $40,000. However, when the Soviet people reveled collectively, they forgot one thing, that is, they only got the securitized wealth on paper, and what is even more frightening is that these securities are all denominated in rubles-Soviet rubles. Look, an open plunder of wealth has begun.
The Soviet Union started disorderly financial opening while reforming state-owned enterprises and exchange rate. Internationally renowned investment banks, commercial banks and insurance institutions began to flock, and their business outlets and institutions mushroomed in the Soviet Union and Russia after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Modern management, private banking services, international standard settlement, fragrant coffee, high-end business premises and a charming smile all look so beautiful. Various foreign banks collect and buy the ruble savings of Soviet enterprises at high interest rates through a set of marketing methods honed in developed markets. Soviet state-owned banks, which always need to queue up, were abandoned, and the deposits of Soviet people were transferred in large quantities. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, more and more financial investors borrowed rubles from Russian financial institutions through other projects and paid high interest.
When the Russian people, enterprises, financial institutions and even the Russian central bank enjoyed a "free lunch" and fragrant coffee for a short time and breathed the fresh air of the free market, a real financial plunder began to be unconsciously drawn in. The tragic fate of the ruble began with Russian depositors and state-owned banks borrowing money to short the ruble. Large-scale "research reports" criticizing the ruble and the state-owned enterprises of the former Soviet Union began to flood the international financial circles-"the state-owned enterprises of the former Soviet Union have no viability at all", "the bonds of the state-owned enterprises of the former Soviet Union are seriously overvalued", "the ruble needs to be re-priced" and "the ruble should adopt more free market-oriented floating".
On the one hand, there are accurate research reports from international financial institutions and overwhelming negative reports from international financial media, on the other hand, the securities prices of state-owned enterprises in the former Soviet Union are falling rapidly. The people of the former Soviet Union exclaimed, "What's going on?" But there is nothing they can do. They had to join the army of sellers and kept "selling, selling, selling", but the market fell again and again. In this way, smiling foreign investors and financial investors bought state-owned enterprises in the former Soviet Union with money borrowed by others (money from people, enterprises and financial institutions in the former Soviet Union).
After the collapse of the ruble exchange rate market, the international capital plunderers who originally set up a financial scam settled the huge ruble debt with a pitiful dollar and bought the state-owned assets of the former Soviet Union at a low price. For them, it is not only a profit, but also a big profit and a crazy plunder. In this way, the United States only spent hundreds of millions of dollars to earn the wealth accumulated by the people of the former Soviet Union for 70 years-worth 28 trillion dollars.
Peak oil and Japan's industrial fate
Let's review the whole process of Japanese financial colonization. On the first level, the shift of American oil demand increased the production cost of Japanese enterprises, which eventually led to the decline of Japanese industry. There have been three oil crises in the history of world economic development, which occurred in 1973~ 1974, 1978~ 1980 and1990 ~/year respectively. There are different opinions about the causes of the crisis, but what is not often mentioned is the leading role of the United States in it. If we analyze the rise and fall of oil prices from this perspective, we may gain a new understanding different from prejudice. From the history of world oil trade, from 1859 to 1970, the United States has almost always been the largest oil producer in the world. By 1970, American oil production reached its peak, with an annual output of 480 million tons. After this oil production peak, the United States began to artificially reduce its oil production and replace its oil production by importing oil from the Middle East. The first oil crisis was triggered by the oil demand transferred overseas by the United States after the 1970s, which was the real economic driving factor behind the Middle East war.
The "Iran-Iraq War" opened the door to the Middle East War, which directly triggered Iraq's invasion of Kuwait, the subsequent Gulf War and the 10 oil export sanctions against Iraq until the subsequent Iraq War. Behind these crises and turmoil, there is always a huge demand for oil from the United States. In the first two oil crises, the oil consumption of the United States accounted for 30% of the total world demand. Although it has declined in recent years, the proportion of American oil consumption in the world's total oil consumption has remained at around 25%. In other words, 1/4 of the world oil is still consumed by the United States. After the oil crisis, American oil demand actually shifted to Japan, and Japan actually paid a huge price for the oil crisis, which directly increased Japan's production cost and squeezed Japan's profit space. In addition to the shift of American demand, its monetary policy is also one of the reasons for the rise in oil prices.
Commodity prices are generally denominated in dollars, and interest rate cuts promote the depreciation of the dollar, which in turn drives the prices of commodities such as oil to soar. In the process of capital appreciation, oil is undoubtedly the most ideal variety. The hype of a large number of hedge funds is the main driving force for oil to rise all the way. As the blood of the global economy, the fluctuation of oil price directly affects the rise and fall of the economy. Tracing back to the source, in fact, all previous world oil crises have come from two major driving forces-the demand shift of the United States and the excessively loose monetary policy of the United States, and the key to solving the problem may also lie in the direction of these two driving forces. For example, the Federal Reserve turned on the tap of interest rates and began to release water. The U.S. Treasury continuously injects dollars into the world financial system by issuing bonds, which leads to higher and higher oil futures prices. In this picture, oil is like a "dammed lake" formed in the earthquake. Below the "dammed lake" is the economy of emerging market countries.
As analyzed above, the "barrier lake" formed by high oil prices came down, and Japan suffered the most at that time. At that time, Japan had become the factory of the world and occupied a core position in the global manufacturing industry. The oil demand of the United States mainly shifted to Japan, which prompted the oil demand of Japan to rise. This change in oil demand has pushed up inflation in Japan. After that, the United States relaxed its monetary policy irresponsibly, and finally the soaring oil price completely destroyed Japan's currency exchange rate system, which was equivalent to sacrificing Japan's interests and finally solved the American problem. What the United States pays is to print more money. The United States is addicted to monetary policy and huge financial rescue plan, and the diverted oil demand has become the driving force of high oil prices, while the OPEC's production reduction has "added fuel to the fire". High oil prices drove up food prices, which eventually destroyed Japan's economy.
Financial opium
What is the real cause of the subprime mortgage crisis? Why can American investment bank Goldman Sachs make a fortune? Don't former US President George W. Bush and former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan really know that the crisis will come? In a brand-new era with the theme of peace and development, American ruling forces need to find a new solution that can replace war. At this time, the subprime mortgage crisis appeared in the American real estate market. Is it a coincidence? No, the subprime mortgage crisis is such a substitute. Financial "* * *"-the securities whose principal is linked to the exchange rate, is actually a leveraged foreign exchange rate betting contract, which disguises itself as a bond and hides the betting exchange rate unfavorable to the buyer through various complicated ways. Their publishers are world-renowned companies and institutions in western developed countries. Different from other bonds, this bond does not directly pay all the principal at maturity, but calculates the payable amount through a complex formula linked to various exchange rates, which provides great space for selling financial opium and deceiving investors.
Because the securities linked to the principal and exchange rate are often packaged as AAA or * * * bonds by financial colonists, they are very attractive to the financial investment departments of * * * funds, insurance companies, pension funds and large companies with a lot of cash to invest. This powerful financial medicine has caused financial institutions in many countries, such as the Middle East and Japan, to suffer greatly. Financial "K powder"-non-US dollar bonds are actually a kind of structured bills, and financial colonialists will describe this financial drug as the best tool to "hedge against the depreciation of the US dollar". Before Thailand's economic crisis, financial colonialists sold non-US dollar bonds-"Thai baht linked structured notes", which was very attractive at first, but those who bought this financial medicine later were "smashed to pieces". What's more, you can't sue those financial colonists by law. When you sign up to buy the above-mentioned financial drugs, in a thick document, in a place that can't be smaller, the exemption clause has been written in the smallest word, and you are willing to gamble and lose.
Financial "cocaine"-dollar-guaranteed bills are specifically aimed at companies and financial institutions in countries with large amounts of dollars. This product is paid in US dollars, which can consume a large amount of US dollar reserves in a country. It invested in bonds of emerging market countries, which looked the best at first, but actually turned into worthless junk bonds. Take the Mexican peso as an example. At that time, the peso linked to the dollar guarantee act (PLUS) was such a harmful financial opium. Before the Mexican financial crisis, the peso linked to dollar-backed bills seemed to be a wonderful financial product-it could be bought in dollars to share the growth of emerging markets, which deceived many investors, especially those who held a lot of dollars. Remember, under the beautiful packaging is actually a highly toxic financial opium.
Financial "heroin"-interest rate swap transaction is to change the structure of creditor's rights or debts by changing the way of interest payment. After signing the contract, the two parties exchange interest payments according to the contract, such as changing a floating interest rate into a fixed interest rate or changing a floating interest rate into another floating interest rate. The two parties do not exchange the principal, and the principal is only used as the calculation base. This was originally a hedging tool, but once it was sold to an unfamiliar entity company that was not engaged in financial business, its lethality was enormous.