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How to write entries of local chronicles
The basic feature of local chronicles is horizontal classification and vertical narration of historical facts, that is, "horizontal writing and vertical writing". Entries writing is a combination of contents and materials of a local history, and the quality and value of a local history will ultimately be reflected through entries. Therefore, the writing of entries has always been a topic of great concern to colleagues who compile local chronicles. After the framework of local chronicles is perfected and determined, the writing of articles becomes the key link to determine the quality of local chronicles. The writing of local chronicles is a very complicated problem. As the most basic narrative unit of local chronicles, the entries are arranged in chronological order and directly point to Chen Qi affairs. The writing of entries should be based on the overall situation, comprehensively summarize and summarize the main work and activities within the scope of local chronicles of the industry (department), show the whole picture, reflect the development and changes, sum up experience, point out achievements, explore laws, and avoid twists and turns and mistakes. Writing should be to the point, speak with facts, have substance in words, and try not to come clean. Thematic items mainly describe single and thematic things, events and things, which are classified according to specific content, one by one. The title of the entries should be accurate, concise and consistent with the title. The topic selection of the project should focus on the characteristics of the industry, local characteristics and times, and focus on describing the main works. Entries should be written in a comprehensive way, reflecting the nature of writing, and should not be written indiscriminately. Judging from the information manuscripts submitted by various units, there are indeed problems that cannot be ignored, such as uneven quality, lack of unified norms, and difficulty in meeting requirements. Mainly manifested in: first, the establishment of the foothold is not high, and the traces of departmental work summary are more prominent; Second, local chronicles lack the most basic writing norms, and the phenomenon of data piling, running account description and literature compilation description is more common; Third, local characteristics, professional characteristics and characteristics of the times are not prominent, and major events are not prominent. From the perspective of data value, there are "five more and five less", that is, there are more micro data and less macro data; There are many concepts, theories, policies and systems, but few materials reflect major decision-making activities and major historical events; There are many general materials on the surface and plane, but few deep and innovative materials; There are many well-known and outdated materials, but few exclusive materials and newly disclosed materials. Therefore, it is necessary to think further about how to do a good job in project writing. This paper tries to talk about the writing of three different types of projects and discuss them with you in writing practice. 1. The entry should be written from the perspective of understanding the style and content structure of local chronicles. Although the editors of all units are mostly part-time and the tasks they undertake are temporary, the compilation of local chronicles is a relatively complicated work with strong professionalism, great difficulty in coordination and wide coverage. The compilation of local chronicles has unified quality standards and professional norms. In accordance with the unified arrangements of the people's governments at all levels, all departments are required to go hand in hand and complete the task of data compilation in a unified time. Therefore, it is very important and necessary to know the basic requirements and common sense of some local chronicles compilation, which is very helpful to do a good job. Style is a unique expression of the content of local chronicles, including structure, genre and composition. Structure refers to the arrangement form of local chronicles, and its basic feature is "horizontal writing and vertical writing", that is, horizontal classification and vertical writing development and change; The combination of vertical and horizontal, mainly horizontal, focuses on the universality of a thing from the horizontal aspect. Structure plays an important role in the elements of local records, and the core of structure is the item. Entries are the basic units of local chronicles. The chronicles of the outline structure are classified, and the outline is open to everyone. Each project is extracted from its category, created by events, and described by purpose. It is divided into three categories: general score item, comprehensive item and special topic item, which is the basic structural unit of local records and plays a leading role in the structure. All belong to the real purpose of writing. After writing, it is a complete and independent "entrance". In the process of writing, we should distinguish different types and attributes of items. From a macro point of view, things can be regarded as three different levels of objects from a high-level point of view. Entropic writing is the inevitable result of the horizontal arrangement of local chronicles, and its composition is restricted by specific entries. In the compilation of local chronicles, only by fully recognizing the role of items in the structure of local chronicles can horizontal arrangement have practical significance and grasp the main characteristics of local chronicles. Catalogue, also known as compendium, refers to the title catalogue of each volume of local chronicles, is also the content outline of local chronicles, and is the overall design and structural blueprint of article layout and material selection. The function of the catalogue is to guide the collection of materials and specific writing, and to serve as the catalogue of the whole book after writing. Content is the core of local chronicles compilation. In the process of compiling local chronicles, the content is always in a guiding position, and the collection of materials, the writing of manuscripts, the revision and review of local chronicles should be carried out around the content. In addition, the content is a concentrated expression of the style of local chronicles. Local chronicles are historical and current information works of a certain area. Whether local chronicles conform to the style of local chronicles depends primarily on whether their titles follow the classification standard of "birds of a feather flock together". 2. The writing of the entries should be based on the accumulation of rich and informative materials. 3. Distinguishing the types of entries and establishing the main line of entries is the "cell" that constitutes local chronicles, and it is also the most basic narrative unit of local chronicles. In the catalogue design of Wei Chuzhi, its basic structural unit consists of three types of items. It should be said that the division of various project types is only relative, and the key is to analyze them in detail and set them flexibly. In concrete practice, we should comprehensively grasp, analyze and extract valuable content from data, dig deep into data with historical and advanced management value, and set up projects according to events. At the same time, we should fully consider the universal connection and internal connection between things, and distinguish the relationship between universality and particularity, and between individual and general. (1) The comprehensive item has a summary item, which is similar to the untitled short quotation set in Records of the Early Wei Dynasty. It summarizes the characteristics of the country and enhances the writing, integrity and advanced management functions of the local records. Reflect the historical context of the development and change of a place or an industry from the macro-overall perspective, highlight the characteristics of the times and occupations (industries), and highlight the integrity and internal relations of things. Through the analysis and comparison of historical materials, this paper explores the causal relationship of things, proves the gains and losses of decision-making and the rise and fall of the cause with facts, and reveals the laws, characteristics and trends of historical development and its enlightenment to contemporary people. For comprehensive items, we should pay attention to: the content should not be too broad, nor should it be comprehensive; When writing, we should establish a strategic position and strengthen comprehensive refining. (2) The general items are collectively referred to as the head and the subhead, and several details are divided under the head. Items govern subheads, reflecting the overall situation of things, reflecting the historical process and results of the overall development and changes of things, and indicating the existing development level of things. The content is macro and the text is short; Subtitles are the result of further subdivision of general headings, with relatively detailed content and more microscopic and specific data mining and application. Attention should be paid to setting goals according to events, and similar things should be merged appropriately to reduce levels, so as to avoid setting too many items and affecting the integrity of local records. Judging from the manuscripts submitted by some units, some materials lack the necessary comprehensive induction, or are improperly classified, or are not detailed enough and have too many levels, which makes the materials scattered and trivial, and cannot comprehensively and systematically reflect the overall appearance of the history and present situation of things; Some materials are vague, which can hardly reflect the essence and depth of things and weaken the value of materials. Not only is it often at a loss when compiling, but even if it is compiled into a book, its material is not easy to use, or even useless. (3) In order to highlight typical things, the topic items are divided into typical items in the original items, which are listed separately in the form of special topics to describe people and things. This kind of entry can be understood as an extension and expansion of the total score entry. It increases the information content of local chronicles and enhances the value and readability of the materials. Writing a special topic is the key to show the characteristics of a local chronicle, and we should strive to seek "uniqueness". In some local chronicles compiled in the last round, readers often feel "a thousand words" and "deja vu". On the one hand, because the titles of many local chronicles tend to be similar, some things with local characteristics and industry characteristics are lost in the commonness of general titles, covering up the distinctive and distinctive personality characteristics that local chronicles should have. Generally speaking, the writing of items takes time as a lesson and events as a latitude to describe the development of the cause. In other words, in time sequence, the main line is described vertically and the changes of various elements are presented horizontally. The so-called vertical continuous line lacks items horizontally, but the main line is continuous and important items are not lacking. It is not to take the details together every year. Instead, it is described in stages according to the changes or development characteristics of the theme elements. The main elements with great changes in each stage should be remembered more, and those with little or no influence should be remembered less or not. In a certain sense, the vertical continuous line is a continuous stage, and the horizontal continuous line indicates that there is no shortage of decisive and changing projects, and there is no shortage of cross-sectional data reflecting the development of the cause, including those that have not changed in the stage, so that the section is clear and the context is clear. There are three ways to grasp the main line: one is to take the theme elements that reflect the rise and fall of the cause as the main line. This method is generally used to describe many causes and many effects. The second is to take the main reasons that determine the ups and downs of things as the main line. For example, the rise and fall of some things, policy is the decisive factor, and policy changes should be the main line. The third is to take the project theme as the main line. The three methods of determining the main line have their own emphases, but they are consistent. The first one takes theme elements as the main line, which can also be said to be mainly fruit; The second is because of the main line; The third is based on the law of development of things. The three should be unified in the description of each item. Unify them, take the theme (or symbol) of ups and downs of things as the main line, and put the causal law in the account. The specific method is to list the data of the theme elements (signs) of things, and then draw the ups and downs curve according to the data, which is the trajectory of the development and change of things, that is, the main line. Throughout the development of things, there is always a leap from quantitative change to local qualitative change, and from local qualitative change to overall qualitative change. There are ups and downs, which are bound to show stages. The basis and method of dividing stages are as follows: first, divide stages according to the local origin, development, change and present situation of things. Generally speaking, it is a stage to describe the local origin of things, and it is also a relatively stable period in the future. The current situation refers to the several-year stage of unification from the lower limit to the lower limit of stability. The middle is divided into several stages according to the development, change and characteristics of the cause. Second, there is a period of ups and downs according to the ups and downs of the theme elements (or signs) of the development of things. The third is to divide the stages according to the development characteristics of things. The fourth is to divide the stage according to the historical period. Such as the Republic of China, the post-liberation recovery period, the socialist transformation period, the Cultural Revolution period, the reform and opening up period and so on. Several methods are consistent in some stages, and they are often mixed in practice. Generally speaking, according to the nature, state, scale level and characteristics of the development process of things, the data fluctuation of the theme elements of things is used to divide the stages. It not only reflects the rise and fall of things, but also reflects the characteristics of each stage. Accurate stage division and accurate stage characteristics can get twice the result with half the effort. Need to accurately describe the development of things. Things always change and develop, and local chronicles are to record this dynamic development of things. We should seize the turning point of things and write about the dynamics. Third, we should pay attention to the use of previous local records. In the second round of compiling local chronicles, we should make full use of the achievements of the first round, handle the relationship between inheritance and development, and look at the problem from the perspective of development. In practical work, we should pay attention to: First, the adjustment of article structure and the addition and deletion of items should proceed from reality, respect objective reality, conform to the style of local chronicles, and reflect the characteristics of the times in the development of things on the premise of not destroying the overall framework of local chronicles. Second, the narrative content should not only keep the accurate content recorded by predecessors, but also enrich the relevant new content of the times, so as to fully reflect the historical context of the development and change of things and the ups and downs of the cause. Third, writing methods should start from the beginning of things, keep in mind the integrity of things, and accurately reflect the status quo and level of development and change of things.