1. Free teaching place: classes are available anytime, anywhere.
Now teaching, including primary and secondary schools, is mainly in classrooms and laboratories. Confucius' class is not like this. Besides the commonly used apricot altar, other places can also be used as classrooms everywhere. Disciples traveled around the world with Confucius, and the classroom was set on a dusty road. Even though he was trapped between Chen and Cai, he didn't eat the next meal. When he was worried about his life at any time, he also taught his disciples: "A gentleman is poor and a villain is poor." Education in various places, combined with their living conditions, first embodies the concept of "life is education".
2. Free classroom atmosphere: active to "quarrel" between teachers and students.
In Confucius' class, teachers and students mainly ask questions and discuss. Many times students talk more than teachers, and the atmosphere is very relaxed. This kind of classroom atmosphere makes the students who are used to full-house irrigation very envious today. Confucius' classroom atmosphere is free and active, even to the point where teachers and students can quarrel. The students directly criticized the teacher for being pedantic, and the teacher scolded the students for being rude. Lutz asked the teacher, "If Wei Jun let the teacher know how to govern the country, what would you do first?" Confucius said, "That must be the first place!" Lutz said, "The pedantry of the teacher has reached this level! What's good about this name? " Confucius said, "How rude! Ziyou! A gentleman should not express his opinions on things he doesn't understand. " Boy, look at the atmosphere! Some teachers today will also be trembling with anger by students who talk back in public.
3. Free question and answer between teachers and students: Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude.
Questions and answers between teachers and students are very free. Students ask the same question and teachers can give different answers. If you put this on today, the students will be completely confused: teacher, which should you write in the exam? Confucius' answer to each student is different, not with emotion, but according to the different situations of students. This is the real "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude". Lutz asked Confucius, "Do you want to do it?" Confucius said, "Your father and brother are here. You should consult them first. How can you hear them do it? " Later, You Ran also asked, "Do you want to do it?" Confucius said, "Do what you say." Gong Xihua was puzzled and asked Confucius, "Why did your old man give them two different answers to the same question?" Confucius said: "You Ran is always timid, so we should encourage him to be bold and reckless, so he is very restrained. "This idea is to teach students in accordance with their aptitude, not across the board.
4. Free teaching content: comprehensive course teaching.
Confucius doesn't divide subjects carefully in class. Students can ask Confucius all kinds of questions, and Confucius begins to talk according to the students' questions. Lutz likes to ask questions about fighting, Zhang Zixi likes to ask questions about being an official (manna), and some students like to ask questions about history and ethics. Confucius answered them one by one and followed the trend. From today's point of view, this is the early "comprehensive course" teaching, education and teaching regardless of subjects, to cultivate students' comprehensive logical thinking ability.
5. Free evaluation method: multiple evaluations.
Confucius' evaluation of students failed the standardized test, but in the teaching process, when answering questions, he would improvise oral praise or criticism. He did not hesitate to praise good students. For example, he praised Yan Hui: "It is good to be virtuous." . He criticized the poor performance of the students in time. What he criticized most was killing me. Sleeping during the day (I don't know whether to sleep during recess or during the teacher's lecture), Confucius actually scolded me directly: "You can't carve rotten wood, but the dung wall can't rot." Through the usual free and flexible evaluation, Confucius' students are not only rated as excellent, but also divided into specific categories: Germany: Yan Yuan, Min Ziqian, Ran Boniu, Zhong Gong; Word: slay me, Zigong; Politics: You Ran, Lu Ji; Literature: Freedom in Xia Zi.
6. Let people conform to nature and develop in an all-round way
Free teaching places, free classroom atmosphere, free questions and answers between teachers and students, free teaching content and free evaluation methods make education get rid of the rigid frame, make education become real education, and finally serve real education: let people develop freely, so as to develop in an all-round way. Let people develop freely, which is justified in Confucian classics. At the beginning of The Doctrine of the Mean, it says: "Destiny is nature, frankness is Tao, and cultivation is teaching." In other words, the so-called education is to follow people's personality, respect each individual's personality, and let education ensure their "spontaneous" growth.
On the other hand, in today's school education, morality, intelligence, physique and beauty were originally the four pillars, but in the end they became the dominant family of intellectuals, who were also malnourished. It is more about instilling knowledge, and the focus is on what knowledge to acquire, not how to acquire it. The free development of human beings will lead to the freedom of thought.
As the founder of Confucianism, Confucius advocated restoring rites and music and advocating benevolence. Are students still allowed to think freely? The answer is yes. He asked students to think freely and could not accept the teacher's point of view unconditionally. He once said of Yan Hui: "I talk back to you all day, and I don't disobey you, just like a fool. If you retire, it is enough to keep your privacy. It is not stupid to retire. " It can be seen that Confucius thinks that a teacher never raises any objection when giving lectures, and he is undoubtedly a fool and not a good student. Therefore, he encourages students to think independently and draw inferences from others, instead of learning one by one as soon as the teacher says. "If you are not angry, don't be angry. If you are not angry, don't give up. If you don't take a turn, there will be no more." This is the origin of heuristic teaching.