Trade refers to the general name of buying, selling or trading, and usually refers to all exchange activities or behaviors with money as the medium. Its scope of activities includes not only the commodity exchange activities engaged by merchants, but also the commodity trading activities organized by commodity producers or others; Not only domestic trade, but also international trade between countries.

Extended data

In practice, it is easy to realize synchronous exchange for face-to-face transactions with ready-made targets; However, in many cases, due to the circulation acceptance process of trading objects (such as the flow of goods and services, the transformation of services and services), the contradiction between unsynchronized and separated commodity flows and capital flows is inevitable, and synchronous exchange is often unrealistic.

In asynchronous exchange, the party who receives the consideration first is easy to violate morality and agreement and destroy the principle of equivalent exchange, so the party who pays the consideration first is often subject to others, trapped in a passive and weak position and takes risks. Asynchronous exchange must have credit guarantee or legal support, and the exchange can be successfully completed. Virtual credit is an uncertain factor, which must be made a definite factor through real guarantee. Synchronous exchange can avoid the risk of unequal exchange.

As one of the two opposite processes of exchange, payment is limited by conditions and methods. The current payment method is often simple direct transfer immediately and one-step payment. For example, domestic settlement methods are classified according to different standards. According to the settlement form, it is divided into paper money settlement, bill settlement (including checks, promissory notes, bank drafts and acceptance drafts) and remittance settlement (including wire transfer and online payment). All of the above can be regarded as cash settlement except that the acceptance bill is a promissory note settlement. Among them, bill settlement and bill settlement are suitable for face-to-face spot transactions, which can realize synchronous exchange (checks belong to the risk of malicious dishonor caused by personal credit vacancy and other factors, leading to asynchronous exchange); Remittance settlement is applicable to cross-border spot transactions. For cross-border or futures transactions, if there is no credit guarantee and legal support, immediate payment in one step will lead to asynchronous exchange, which will easily lead to the risk of non-equivalent exchange.