Aisin Giorro Puyi (A.D. 1906- 1967), the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was named Haoran, which was Mencius' "I am good at nurturing my noble spirit". English name Henry, Manchu. The grandson of Yi Xuan, the prince of alcohol, and the eldest son of Zai Feng. Guangxu succeeded to the throne after his death, and was the last emperor in the history of Qing Dynasty and China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he was reborn and died of kidney cancer at the age of 60. Cremation, the ashes were placed in the side room of Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing, moved to the main room under the direction of the Prime Minister, and then moved to Hualong Royal Cemetery. Puyi, Emperor of Xuan Tong, was born in Chunwangfu, near Shichahai, Beijing, on the 14th day of the first month in the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906). Is the great-grandson of Daoguang, the eldest son of Zai Feng, the younger brother of Emperor Guangxu. In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908), Empress Dowager Cixi and Guangxu were seriously ill at the same time. The day before the death of Emperor Guangxu, Empress Dowager Cixi could not bear it. Since the death of Emperor Guangxu, Empress Dowager Cixi summoned the Minister of Military Affairs in Zhongnanhai to discuss the candidates for establishing the reserve team. When the minister of military affairs thinks of domestic troubles and foreign invasion, he should be an elderly man. Empress Dowager Cixi flew into a rage. Finally, she decided to let three-year-old Puyi be emperor and let Puyi's biological father Zai Feng run the country. After the minister informed Emperor Guangxu of this matter, Emperor Guangxu was very satisfied, because Puyi was his nephew and asked his brother to supervise the country. Then, Guangxu and Cixi died in two days. Half a month later, Puyi ascended the throne in the Hall of Supreme Harmony, with Emperor Yulong and Zai Feng as regents. The following year, the title was changed to "Xuan Tong", so Puyi ascended the throne of the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty. In the third year of Xuantong (19 1 1), the 1911 Revolution broke out. On February 12 of the following year, the Queen Mother Yulong was forced to issue a letter of abdication on behalf of Puyi, and Puyi retired to hall of mental cultivation in the Forbidden City, announcing the demise of the Qing Dynasty and the end of the feudal monarchy that lasted for more than 2,000 years. 19 17 In June, Zhang Xun led the Braid Army into Beijing, and together with Kang Youwei and other royalists, announced the restoration of Puyi in July 1 year. 12 years, Puyi abdicated again in the national condemnation. 1924165438+1On October 5th, Feng Yuxiang sent Lu to the Forbidden City to force Puyi to leave the palace, which is known as the "forced palace incident". Puyi moved into Beifu (Zai Feng's residence) and then fled into the Japanese legation. Soon, he was escorted to Tianjin by the Japanese. 1932, 1 In March, Japan supported Puyi as the ruler of Manchukuo, the puppet regime of Japan, and the year of its establishment was "Datong". 1934, the country name was changed to "Manchuria Empire", the country name was changed to "Emperor" and the country name was changed to "Kant". On August 1945, Japan was defeated and surrendered. /kloc-in August of 0/7, when Puyi was preparing to flee in Shenyang, she was captured by the Soviet Red Army and taken to the Soviet Union. 1950 was escorted back to China in early August and studied and reformed in Fushun War Criminals Management Office. On February 4th,1959,65438+received a pardon from Mao Zedong, Chairman of People's Republic of China (PRC), saying that "the criminal has been detained for ten years. During his detention, after labor reform and ideological education, there are indeed signs of repentance, which is in line with the provisions of Article 1 of the Amnesty Order and is released. " From then on, Puyi became a citizen of China people. 1960 In March, Puyi was assigned to work in Beijing Institute of Botany. 1964 Transferred to the Literature and History Research Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference as a member of information and the fourth Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Puyi was married four times and married five women. Puyi wrote an autobiography, My First Half Life, which was published by Popular Press in April. 1964. His unique and dramatic experience has been adapted into film and television works for many times, among which the film The Last Emperor won the Oscar gold medal. From 65438 to 0967, Puyi suffered from uremia. When Premier Zhou Enlai heard the news, he personally called the staff of China People's Political Consultative Conference and instructed them to cure Puyi's illness. Later, he was ordered to arrange a consultation of Chinese and Western medicine in the Capital Hospital. In the most critical situation, Premier Zhou appointed Pu Fuzhou, an old Chinese medicine doctor, to see him and conveyed Premier Zhou's regards to him. Later, he died on 1967 10 and 17, and his ashes were placed in Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery. On May 29th, the party and government held a memorial service for Puyi. 19951On October 26th, Puyi's ashes were buried in Hualong Royal Cemetery near chongling (Guangxu Mausoleum) in the Western Jin Dynasty. Hualong Royal Cemetery is located next to chongling of Qingxi Mausoleum in Yixian County, Hebei Province, only 200 meters away from the back wall of chongling. Hualong Cemetery is a commercial cemetery operated by individuals. Puyi had a wish before his death, that is, he hoped to rest in peace, and Qing Xiling was also the burial place that Puyi had decided before his death. Puyi's burial in this cemetery was carefully arranged by his fifth wife, Li, who personally presided over it. At the same time, Ms. Li also hopes to be buried with Puyi after her death. 65438+1June 9, 1997, Ms. Li passed away. Due to various objective reasons, the desire to be buried together has never been realized. Historically, Puyi was called Emperor Xun and Emperor Xuan Tong. He was the last emperor in the history of China. Attachment: Li is willing to be buried together after death. 1994, Zhang Shiyi, an overseas Chinese in Tai 'an, Shandong Province, invested and built a cemetery in Xiling, Yixian County, and named it Hualong Royal Cemetery. He also contacted Puyi's fifth wife, Li, to discuss the matter of moving Puyi's ashes back to the cemetery for burial. Ms. Li agreed to fulfill Puyi's last wish. At the same time, Ms. Li also put forward an additional condition, that is, she hopes to be buried with Puyi after her death. Zhang Shiyi immediately agreed and said that all the expenses for completing these things would be paid by him. Both parties agree and sign the agreement. After Li returned to Beijing, he went to Babaoshan to go through the formalities of moving the grave to bury Puyi's ashes, and decided to bury Puyi in Qing Xiling on1October 26th 1995 65438+. When Pu Yi chose a concubine, he saw photos of four people. He felt that "everyone's figure is like a paper tube ... it's really impossible to tell handsome from ugly". Wanrong became a queen and squeezed Wenxiu into a concubine, which was the result of the struggle between the emperor and the concubine. Graceful suspicion, exclusion, curse Wen Xiu. Although she succeeded, Puyi was disgusted. Later, Wanrong had an affair with Li Tiyu and Qi Jizhong and gave birth to a daughter. Puyi was very angry and made people put the newborn into the boiler to melt. Later, Wanrong became very ill because of drug abuse, and died in Changchun the year after Japan surrendered. Wenxiu came to Puyi as a "palace princess" when she was less than fourteen years old. Later, Wen Xiu broke through the imprisonment and went through hardships to divorce Puyi. I'm afraid this kind of courage and behavior of "taking a break" is unique in the feudal history of China. The first half of my life (the whole book) revealed the picture of "Wen embroidery divorcing and cleaning the house" for the first time. In order to punish Wanrong, Puyi put the new "noble" Tan Yuling "in the palace like a bird". Post-Tan Yuling won the favor of Puyi because of her naive and straightforward personality. Whether Tan Yuling's sudden death was caused by typhoid fever or Kwantung Army is still a mystery. My Life (Encyclopedia) reveals Puyi's inscription "My Dearest Yuling" on the back of Tan Yuling's photo. Li, a "rich man", is the product of Puyi's determination not to marry a Japanese wife. Li once fled with Puyi when Kwantung Army collapsed. Later, during Puyi's stay in Fushun War Criminals Management Office, Li visited Puyi many times and wrote many letters. Finally, Li filed a divorce with Puyi. Wanrong and Wen Xiu are legal and famous queens and empresses. They entered the palace at the same time, and their life contents overlapped. Tan Yuling and Li were pseudo-aristocrats named "Emperor Kant" by Puyi during the Puppet Manchukuo Period. Although we can't admit their status in the puppet palace, we can't help but regard these two ladies as Puyi's wives. There is also Li, the wife who fell in love and got married after Puyi's Amnesty. These ladies have experienced earth-shaking historical changes in Puyi's life. As queens and empresses of the Qing Dynasty, as pseudo-aristocrats engraved according to the etiquette system of the Qing Dynasty, their marriage and family life can not but show the legacy of the Qing Dynasty and leave a deep imprint of the royal family of Aisin Choro. Wanrong, Wenxiu and Tan Yuling all came from famous families, and were considered as women with "noble blood clan" in Qing Dynasty. Although Li was born in a civilian family, he lived in a decadent royal family for a long time. They are the last representatives of Aisingiorro's royal family who flourished in China for nearly 300 years and finally declined. We study the decline of the royal family, and they can provide strong evidence. As wives of men who are emperors, they all have their own political ideals. While helping their husbands realize the revival of the "Qing Dynasty", they gradually recognized the faces of Japanese warlords in practice. Wanrong struggled in the ghost domain, Wenxiu broke up with Puyi because of political rift, Tan Yuling told her husband about the brutality of the Japanese invaders at the bedside, and Li sang and told stories to Puyi when she was discouraged by Japan ... They lived in a certain era background and social environment, and wrote down the fact that Japanese directors were pseudo-Manchu in their life calendars. As the queen, imperial concubine, "noble" and wife of Puyi, the last emperor of China, their life trajectories all intersect in the most essential and profound part of Puyi's life journey, so from their experiences, we can not only find the most authentic and reliable Puyi, but also find Puyi's real political princess who is good at changing her face in complex situations. Therefore, the study of Puyi's life is inseparable from the lives of his five wives. As female celebrities with certain typical significance, their joys, sorrows, ideals and endings can all be attributed to the cultural heritage of the Chinese nation. Wanrong, Wenxiu and Tan Yuling all came from blood and tears. One is crazy, one is gone, and one is dead. Their tragedy is not only caused by feudal social morality, but also the result of stimulation and catalysis of foreign aggression. Therefore, it cannot be said that this is only a personal tragedy of some weak women, but a cowardly and cowardly tragedy in national history. The 12-year marriage between Li and Puyi spanned two eras, and her fate was changed by the new China after suffering and ups and downs. Li died as a citizen's wife, and the affection between them constitutes an eternal comedy, which of course reflects a brand-new era, a brand-new society and a brand-new concept. After Puyi was pardoned, Puyi married Li as an ordinary citizen. This is the last wife of Puyi, and this marriage lasted until Puyi died.

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