Propane is a three-carbon alkane with chemical formula C3H8, which is usually gaseous, but it is usually transported after being compressed into liquid. After crude oil or natural gas is treated, propane can be obtained from refined oil. Propane is usually used as fuel for engines, barbecue foods and home heating systems. In sales, propane is generally called liquefied petroleum gas, which is also mixed with a small amount of propylene, butane and butene. In order to facilitate the discovery and leakage, smelly ethanethiol is usually added to commercial liquefied petroleum gas.

Chinese name: propane

English name: propane

CAS number: 74-98-6

Molecular formula: c? 6? 1H8

Molecular structure: C atoms are bound by sp3 hybrid orbitals, and the molecules are nonpolar.

Molecular weight: 44. 10

Physical and chemical characteristics

Main ingredients: pure products

Colorless gas, pure and tasteless.

Melting point (℃):- 187.6

Boiling point (℃):-42. 1

Relative density (water = 1): 0.58 (-44.5℃)

Relative steam density (air = 1): 1.56.

Saturated vapor pressure (kpa): 53.32 (-55.6℃)

Combustion heat (kJ/mol): 22 17.8.

Critical temperature (℃): 96.8

Critical pressure (MPa): 4.25

Flash point (℃):- 104

Ignition temperature (℃): 450℃

Upper explosive limit% (volume/volume): 9.5

Lower explosive limit% (v/v): 2. 1.

Solubility: slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol and ether.

Main uses: Used in organic synthesis. It can be used as raw material for producing ethylene and propylene or solvent for oil refining industry. The mixture of propane, butane and a small amount of ethane can be used as civil fuel after liquefaction, that is, liquefied petroleum gas.

Health hazard: this product has simple asphyxiation and anesthesia effects. Short-term exposure to 1% propane will not cause symptoms; The concentration below 10% only caused mild dizziness; When exposed to high concentrations, anesthesia and loss of consciousness may occur; Too high a concentration can lead to suffocation.

Danger of explosion: This product is flammable.

Hazard characteristics: combustible gas. When mixed with air, it can form an explosive mixture, which is in danger of burning and explosion when it meets heat sources and open flames. Contact with oxidant and react violently. Gas is heavier than air, it can spread to a considerable distance at a lower place, and it will catch fire when it meets a fire source.

Chemical properties: it is easy to form solid hydrate with water at low temperature, causing natural gas pipeline blockage. Propane reacts with excess chlorine at high temperature to produce carbon tetrachloride and tetrachloroethylene Cl? 6? 0C=CCl？ 6? 0 ; React with nitric acid in gas phase to form 1- nitropropane CH? 6? 1CH？ 6? 0CH？ 6? No? 6? 0,2-nitropropane (CH? 6? 1)? 6? 0CHNO？ 6? 0, nitroethane CH? 6? 1CH？ 6? No? 6? 0 and nitromethane CH? 6? 1NO？ 6? 0. Propane can be separated from oilfield gas and cracked gas [1].

Chemical equation of combustion in air: c? 6? 1H8 + 5O？ 6? 0 ==== 3CO？ 6? 0 + 4H？ 6? 00

Xiangyun, the torch of Beijing Olympic Games, uses propane as fuel, which is a common fuel with low price and wide temperature range. Propane combustion only forms water vapor and carbon dioxide, and there are no other substances, which will not pollute the environment. It is a clean fuel and conforms to the concept of "Green Olympics". The flame color of propane gas combustion is bright yellow, which is convenient for identification, TV broadcast and news photography.