Stock is the right to claim the company's income and assets. Stock, network fund, securities and futures
However, the company can buy back its own issued shares through the stock market, raise the stock price to protect the rights of shareholders and concentrate the rights and interests of each share. The purpose of this practice is to protect the rights of small and medium circulation shareholders. The relationship between shareholders and the company is the relationship between ownership and ownership, which is different from the relationship between creditor's rights and debts. Therefore, the shareholder's claim to the company is the residual claim, and only when the creditor fully recovers the creditor's rights can the remaining assets be claimed. Shareholders are the owners of the company, and they shall bear limited responsibilities, risks and profits to the extent of their capital contribution. (Of course, some shareholders of high-speed technology enterprises may obtain shareholder status with his technology as capital contribution. Enterprises can raise funds by issuing shares to the public, or enrich their assets by private placement. At present, most of the companies listed on Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange are state-owned holding companies, but a considerable number of them are private joint-stock companies.
[Edit this paragraph] The nature of the stock
The income that shareholders get from the joint-stock company that owns the shares is dividends. The distribution of dividends depends on the company's dividend policy. If the company does not distribute dividends, shareholders are not entitled to receive them. Preferred shareholders can get a fixed amount of dividends, while the dividends of ordinary shareholders are related to the company's profits. Dividends of ordinary shareholders are distributed after those of preferred shareholders, and ordinary shareholders are entitled to distribute dividends only after all preferred shareholders have received their promised dividends in full. Stock is only the ownership certificate of the actual capital owned by the joint-stock company, and it is the certificate to participate in the company's decision-making and claim dividends. It is not real capital, but indirectly reflects the situation of real capital movement, thus showing itself as a kind of virtual capital.
Stock has a history of nearly 400 years, and it appeared with the emergence of joint-stock companies. With the expansion of business scale and insufficient capital demand, the company needs a way to obtain a large amount of funds. As a result, an enterprise organization appeared in the form of a joint-stock company, which was jointly funded by shareholders. The change and development of joint-stock companies have produced financing activities in the form of stocks; The development of stock financing has produced the demand for stock trading; The demand for stock trading has promoted the formation and development of the stock market; The development of the stock market finally promoted the perfection and development of stock financing activities and joint-stock companies. Stocks first appeared in capitalist countries. The earliest joint-stock limited company system in the world was born in 1602, the East India Company established in the Netherlands. After the emergence of joint-stock companies, they have been widely adopted by capitalist countries and become one of the important forms of enterprise organization in capitalist countries. With the birth and development of joint-stock companies, the way of raising funds in the form of shares has also developed, and the demand for share trading and transfer has emerged. In this way, it promotes the emergence and formation of the stock market and promotes the perfection and development of the stock market. 16 1 1 year, the shareholders of the East India Company traded on the Amsterdam Stock Exchange, and later a special broker arranged the trading. Amsterdam Stock Exchange formed the first stock market in the world. At present, the company limited by shares has become one of the most basic forms of enterprise organization; Stock has become an important channel and way for large enterprises to raise funds, and it is also the basic choice for investors to invest; The stock market (including the issuance and trading of stocks) and the bond market have become the important basic contents of the securities market.
(1) Stock is the proof of capital contribution. When a natural person or legal person invests in a joint stock limited company, it may obtain shares as proof of capital contribution;
(2) Shareholders shall, by virtue of their shares, prove their shareholder status, attend the shareholders' meeting of the joint-stock company and express their opinions on the operation of the joint-stock company;
(3) Shareholders participate in the profit distribution of share-issuing enterprises by virtue of their shares, which is commonly referred to as dividends, so as to gain certain influence on the economic stock market.