Clothing fabrics are divided into two categories: natural fibers and chemical fibers. Natural fibers, such as pure cotton and mulberry silk, should be well known to everyone. What is the raw material of chemical fiber? How did they come into being? The following picture clearly distinguishes!

The discovery of chemical fiber greatly facilitates people's life, and it can be divided into man-made fiber and synthetic fiber according to different raw materials. Man-made fiber is the general name of all kinds of chemical fibers made of linear natural polymer compounds or their derivatives, which are directly dissolved in solvent or made into derivatives and then dissolved in solvent, and then spun.

Bamboo, wood, bagasse and cotton wool are all raw materials for making man-made fibers, and products often have the texture of natural fibers. As for a large number of "nylon" fabrics, they are all called synthetic fibers, which are petrochemical products and chemically synthesized. It has the advantages of not wrinkling easily and quick drying, but its water absorption and air permeability are poor. 1. polyester (polyester fiber) polyester is the trade name of polyethylene terephthalate fiber in China, and it is a kind of polyester fiber.

It is an excellent insulating material with poor hygroscopicity, but it is easy to accumulate charges to generate static electricity and absorb dust. As the first synthetic fiber to enter the mainland, when it appeared in the Hong Kong market, people translated it as "Dacron" or "really cool" according to Cantonese, meaning "really cool".

Polyester staple fiber:

Polyester filament:

Because of its many excellent properties, it is widely used in clothing, decoration and industry. Short fibers can be blended with cotton, linen and wool or other synthetic fibers for clothing decoration. Filament, especially textured yarn, is used in knitting and weaving to make various simulated inner and outer coats.

2. Acrylic fiber (polyacrylonitrile fiber) is mainly composed of polyacrylonitrile, which has better hygroscopicity than polyester but worse dyeability than nylon. The strength is lower than that of polyester and nylon, and it is considered to have poor wear resistance in synthetic fibers. Many properties of acrylic fiber, such as bulkiness and softness, are similar to wool, and are often made into short fibers and blended with wool, cotton or other chemical fibers.

Three, nylon (polyamide fiber) as the world's first synthetic fiber, 1938 DuPont named it nylon. Strictly speaking, we call polyamide fiber nylon when it is used as plastic and nylon when it is used as synthetic fiber. Nylon has the strongest wear resistance, high strength and good elasticity, ranking first among ordinary textile fibers. Nylon is a major breakthrough in synthetic fiber industry and a very important milestone in the field of polymer chemistry.

Its hygroscopicity is better than that of synthetic fiber, and it is easier to dye.

Nylon 66 staple fiber:

Nylon has high strength, strong elongation and excellent elasticity, which is the best wear resistance among common fibers, but the fabric's shape retention and stiffness are not as good as polyester. The production of nylon is mainly filament, which can be woven into socks, scarves, clothing, toothbrush bristles and so on. 4. Polypropylene fiber is made of polypropylene by solution spinning.

It hardly absorbs moisture, but it has a unique wicking effect, and water vapor can be transported through capillaries. So it can be made into sportswear or filter cloth. Poor dyeing performance and incomplete dyeing chromatography. Polypropylene didn't officially start industrial production until 1957, but because of its simple process and lowest price, it is also the lightest fiber among ordinary chemical fibers. Widely used in fishing nets, ropes, carpet packaging bags, etc. , can be spun pure or blended with viscose on clothes.

Five, spandex (polyurethane fiber) commonly known as elastic fiber, the most famous commodity is Lycra fiber produced by DuPont company in the United States. Spandex has strong elasticity, extensibility and resilience, can be stretched by 6 ~ 7 times, and can quickly return to the initial state with the disappearance of tension.

It is this characteristic that can replace rubber that has set off a brand-new dressing revolution since the 1960s! Lycra fiber is known as "one of the greatest inventions in the field of clothing innovation in the 20th century". Elastic fiber composed of linear macromolecules containing at least 85% urethane (or ether) chain units. Poor hygroscopicity, high elongation and high elasticity are the biggest characteristics of spandex, which is often used as tights and socks.

The intransitive verb vinylon (polyvinyl acetal fiber) is the name of polyvinyl formal fiber. Also known as vinylon, its performance is close to cotton, and it is called "synthetic cotton". The hygroscopicity of vinylon is the best among common synthetic fibers, but due to its sheath-core structure and acetalization treatment, its dyeing performance is poor and it is not easy to dye into bright colors.

The production of vinylon is mainly short fiber, which is often blended with cotton. Due to the limitation of its nature, it is generally used to spin low-grade civil fabrics. Vinylon is mainly used to make knitted fabrics, such as coats, cotton sweaters, trousers and sweaters. It can also be used for canvas, fishing net, surgical suture, bicycle tire cord, filter material, etc.

Basic Operation of Chemical Fiber Industry in 202 1 year (I) Production

(2) Import and export situation

In short, the return of fiber to people far exceeds the connotation of clothing. It is the popularity and application of these chemical fiber fabrics that more and more people can convey their feelings through clothing, so that everyone can freely show their personality and express themselves. The chemical industry is such a subtle way to create our healthy and fashionable life.