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The desire for industrialization in major grain-producing areas

China Food Business Network 2008-04-11 09:31 :00

Liu Shuming’s identity is the director of the Macroeconomic Department of the Development Research Center of the Jilin Provincial Government. His business card is quite unique, with this text printed on it: Do you know the first person to “rebuild the Northeast”? Please go to "Revitalize Northeast China" to read "Rebuilding the Northeast" and click on search engines such as "Baidu". Liu is known as "the first person to re-engineer the Northeast" in the Northeast economic circle for his "bold outspokenness, novel viewpoints, advanced theories, and overall awareness."

Liu Shuming said in an interview with this reporter that if what Northeast China is encountering now is a new phenomenon, then we have to talk about what people called the "New Northeast Phenomenon" in 2000. The so-called "New Northeast Phenomenon" at that time refers to the fact that after China joins the WTO, food may be greatly affected. In fact, it mainly refers to Jilin Province. At that time, people were mainly worried that the production methods of small farmers in the Northeast were too backward. The cost is high and the quality is low, while Western countries plant large-scale crops with low cost and high quality. Once foreign food is dumped in China, there will be a big problem with the food in the Northeast. Since 70%-80% of the income of farmers in the Northeast comes from the planting industry, therefore It will have a huge impact on the issues related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers in the Northeast. However, through the efforts of the Northeast in recent years, with the increase in labor export, animal husbandry, processing industry, etc., the proportion of income from the planting industry has declined. Therefore, people are worried about The new Northeast phenomenon after the WTO did not appear. But this does not mean that the Northeast, especially Jilin Province, will not have difficulties. The difficulties it faces may be more, and the road to solving them may be longer. In the long run, solving the agricultural problems in the Northeast, especially the problem of increasing the income of Northeast farmers, cannot be solved from a young age. Focusing on everything, we must rely on big ideas and large-scale efforts to pursue modern large-scale agriculture and modern high value-added agriculture.

Problems in Northeast Agriculture

An official from Jilin Province analyzed in an interview with this reporter that the Northeast grain market is currently facing four outstanding problems: First, the market The problem is that there is a lack of market information. There is often a convergence phenomenon in adjusting the industrial structure in many places. Intermediary services and government guidance cannot keep up. Farmers' planting is far behind market requirements. Secondly, rural funds are quite difficult. Although the situation of animal husbandry is good, it is difficult to get loans. Nowadays, it is becoming more and more difficult for credit cooperatives to obtain loans, and microfinance in rural areas has become very difficult; third, it is difficult to transfer rural surplus labor; fourth, farmers' income is slow to increase and even has a downward trend.

The official pointed out that the main problems now are insufficient adaptability to the market and insufficient understanding of market information. Not only does he not understand the impact of major international adjustments to agricultural and sideline products, but he also does not understand the impact of the domestic market. The impact is not well understood. This kind of poor and inability to grasp the market has created a passive situation in which increased production does not increase efficiency or income.

What to do? He said that first of all, we need to conduct macro-market monitoring of the main grain-producing areas, and then guide farmers to adjust their planting structures. But now this service is not available. At the same time, farmers are operating decentralized operations, and the degree of organization in rural areas is quite low. They are in the market. Naturally, the status and weight of the dialogue are very low, and they cannot communicate and communicate with the outside world fairly. Without large-scale operations, there will be no future for agriculture. In addition, intermediary services are immature, and farmers’ unions are not well organized. , the separation of production and operations must be resolved, there is no way out by going it alone.

Looking for the reasons at a deeper level, he believes that the food problems in the main producing areas are: First, the agricultural plate is too big, the secondary and tertiary industries are backward, especially the industrial backwardness, farmers have not entered the secondary and tertiary industries, so the rural The products are still primary products, raw raw materials for sale, and their added value is very low; second, rural urbanization lags behind. Because the processing industry is weak, its urbanization level and industrialization level are relatively weak. This is a mutually influencing relationship. Urbanization affects industrialization, and industrialization in turn affects the urbanization process. A phenomenon that deserves more attention is that the current rural population transfer is still unstable and is a dynamic change. Many people who have gone out may return to the countryside again in the future because they cannot live in the city.

He suggested that to solve the problems of rural agricultural farmers, the concept of industrialization should be applied to agricultural development, because the development of industrialization is to seek markets in industrial upgrading, and agriculture also needs to seek markets in industrial adjustment. The market should be used to determine the scale and ideas of agricultural development; in addition, we must adhere to the overall planning of urban and rural areas and the linkage between industry and agriculture. At present, urban industry and rural industry, especially rural industry, are separated. This is why Jilin Province currently focuses on agricultural product processing industry and food industry as pillar industries.

Big industry drives big agriculture

Starting from Changchun City, the capital of Jilin Province, along the 102 National Highway for about 100 kilometers to Yushu City, in addition to seeing large tracts of crop fields, the last What is conspicuous are the large and small "factories" on both sides of the road. The scale is not very large. Perhaps it is not an exaggeration to describe it as a family workshop, but all of this is undoubtedly "industry" for the grain-producing areas where corn is everywhere. When food as a raw material can no longer make them rich, finding a "way out" for food becomes their inevitable choice, and the "industry" derived from food undoubtedly has too much connotation.

Liu Shuming said that it is undoubtedly correct to vigorously develop the processing industry of agricultural products. In fact, the processing industry should mainly be carried out in the main grain-producing areas to realize the on-site transformation of food and not transport it to other places for transformation, rather than food. Main production areas rarely engage in or do not engage in it, unless they import foreign grains to develop processing industries.

At present, the agricultural product processing industry has become one of the pillar industries that Jilin Province focuses on cultivating and developing. In their view, this is the hope of revitalizing the old industrial base and promoting agricultural modernization, rural industrialization, and rural urbanization. location.

Changchun City’s industrial development goal is that by 2012, the city’s agricultural product processing industry will achieve an additional output value of 100 billion yuan, an average annual increase of about 30%, with a total output of 136 billion yuan, and cultivate three industries with an output value exceeding 136 billion yuan. Ten billion yuan enterprises, 20 enterprises with an output value exceeding 1 billion yuan, and 50 enterprises with an output value exceeding 100 million yuan, forming a group of leading enterprises.

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Is it because you have the confidence and confidence to embody the style of a great country?

Since joining the WTO, there have been two major events in the agricultural field that have not attracted great attention and sufficient discussion. One thing is the impact of soybean processing companies being acquired by foreign capital on soybean farmers in Northeast China; the other thing is that a large number of Korean, Japanese, and Taiwanese agricultural organizations have set up agricultural parks in China, which may have an impact on the existing overseas production of labor-intensive agricultural products in coastal areas. market impact. Understanding these two things may directly affect my country's future agricultural opening policy and agricultural development path.

First, the soybean industry has been fully taken over by foreign capital. Is this a blessing or a worry? (A responsible big country is first responsible for its own people)

China’s average soybean output in recent years has been 16 million tons.

The China National Grain and Oil Information Center predicts that total soybean consumption in the 2005/06 crop year (October to September of the following year) will reach 42.32 million tons, of which 32.5 million tons will be used for crushing.

According to the weekly sales report of the United States Department of Agriculture, as of December 7, 2006, the shipment volume of U.S. soybean exports to China in 2006/07 (starting on September 1) was 4.63 million. tons, an increase of 400,000 tons from a week ago and higher than the 4.27 million tons in the same period last year. So far in 2006/07, total U.S. soybean sales to China (sales that have been shipped and those that have not yet been shipped) are 7.41 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 45%.

Another set of figures is in stark contrast: in 2006, the soybean planting area in Heilongjiang Province dropped by 25% year-on-year, and the total output dropped by 18%. Farmers in Heilongjiang Province make little profit from soybean cultivation, but the cost of growing soybeans on farms is relatively high, about 1.22 yuan/jin, an increase of 0.08 yuan from last year. Based on the current market price of soybeans, farmers will make a loss selling soybeans. According to the latest survey from relevant authorities in Heilongjiang, the soybean planting area in 2007 will drop by more than 10%.

About 6% of the country’s land produces soybeans, and 50 million households (150 million people) mainly rely on soybean production to survive. One-third of the population in Heilongjiang relies on soybean income to survive. With the continuous growth of soybean imports, many soybean farmers in my country have been forced to continuously reduce production, making their lives unsustainable.

This situation occurs because the oil yield rate of domestic soybeans is not high or the production cost is high. However, foreign governments' policy subsidies for their own soybean exports are also important reasons. In 2001 alone, U.S. subsidies for soybeans amounted to US$19 billion, equivalent to 30% of the export price. Another important reason is that my country's soybean processing industry is falling into a situation of full foreign investment. There is only one large-scale crushing enterprise that has not been merged by foreign capital. It is said that "next year, there will be no more Chinese-owned enterprises in China's crushing industry." .

There are different voices in China regarding the difficulties in the production of land-intensive agricultural products such as soybeans and the trend of overall westernization in the processing industry brought about by opening up.

Wang Weijun, director of the Research Department of Dalian Commodity Exchange, believes that from the soybean industry, it can be seen that foreign agricultural products are not "invading", but they do not come directly, but change their appearance and come in roundabout ways. The way foreign soybeans enter China is that capital first enters the agricultural product processing industry with strong industrial capital and financial capital. After controlling the processing industry, agricultural products are imported from abroad. The current predicament of the soybean industry is actually a microcosm of the failure of my country's bulk agricultural products to suffer international competition after losing protection. Is corn or wheat next?

Tian Renli, general manager of Heilongjiang Jiusan Oils and Fats Co., Ltd.: There is such an account, importing 20 million tons is what the market needs, but when it exceeds 20 million, every additional 1 million tons imported, It is possible that 1.3 million farmers will leave the soybean farming industry and even leave the land. Because 1 million tons of soybeans requires 8.56 million acres of arable land based on our current unit yield level, and the per capita arable land in Heilongjiang Province’s agricultural population is 6.6 acres. Therefore, importing 1 million more tons will affect millions more farmers. So can other crops be grown instead of soybeans? uncertain! In the western region of Heilongjiang, it is difficult to grow other crops without soybeans. Historically, when soybeans were not easy to sell, farmers abandoned farming.

Strictly speaking, the foreign capital introduced into our soybean industry is not foreign capital, but multinational grain merchants. Their purpose of acquiring Chinese soybean processing companies is not to make our soybean processing industry bigger and stronger, but to sell more of soybeans to China, turning soybean processing companies in China into a link in realizing profits from international trade. Therefore, the more foreign-funded soybean processing companies there are, the more difficult it will be for our farmers to sell beans. If all our country’s soybean processing companies are acquired by foreign capital, who will China’s soybeans be sold to? China's total import volume in 2006 may reach more than 30 million tons. The victims are farmers and the beneficiaries are multinational grain merchants. In the soybean import details, you can clearly see who comes in with these soybeans.

It is an indisputable fact that China’s self-produced soybeans are in short supply, but imported soybeans cannot be left unchecked. We must achieve “measurement, orderliness, transparency, and taking into account the interests of farmers”

China The soybean industry is different from other industries. Behind the soybean processing industry are the "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" issues. The introduction of foreign investment in the soybean processing industry will make it more difficult for us to solve the "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" issues.

Our relevant departments should take action. If soybeans were truly viewed as an agricultural problem, solutions would be found. Now the price of soybeans in Heilongjiang has reached the cost line and has fallen to the lowest point in five years. As the growth of imported soybeans exceeds the growth of demand, the soybean planting area in Heilongjiang has dropped by 25% this year, and the price has dropped by 24%, which has caused serious harm to farmers. I suggest that we consider using anti-dumping measures.

In addition, the soybean industry is a big industry, with planting industry in the upper line and breeding industry in the lower line. Problems in this industry will affect tens of millions of farmers. Now some people say that imported soybeans are more cost-effective. I think this is drinking poison to quench thirst. Soybeans are cheap now because we still have a lot of domestically produced soybeans. If China’s soybean industry ceased to exist, would imported soybeans still be so cheap?

Director Ke Bingsheng of the Agricultural Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture believes that for consumers and farmers, there is no difference whether it is a foreign-owned enterprise or a private enterprise. We talk about the introduction of foreign investment through reform and opening up. Why can industries attract foreign investment, but agricultural products and processing industries cannot? The key is the market environment, which is a matter of market norms and market behavior, not ownership.

If a monopoly is found, the country will have anti-monopoly measures. It is rare to hear that a monopoly company can monopolize the entire international market in agriculture abroad. We cannot take the things of the planned economy and take them for granted and make general statements regardless of specific circumstances. There are so many joint ventures in our automobile industry, and no one is saying that it is monopolized by foreign capital.

The reason why soybeans are imported is mainly because domestic production cannot meet demand. Since my country's accession to the WTO, soybean prices have also been high. Our soybean production capacity is also limited and not much higher. If the demand cannot be met, the only option is to import. The key is that there must be a competitive market for the intermediate processing links, otherwise the price of soybeans will rise and consumers will not be able to bear it. The profits of intermediate links and processing links cannot be increased too much, and it must be a highly competitive environment. The current situation is highly competitive. If there is no pressure, either consumers or producers will be unlucky. Of course, the import of soybeans will directly affect the farmers who grow soybeans, and their income will be reduced due to the decrease. When analyzing the impact, it is necessary to distinguish which ones are real impacts and which ones are caused by market speculation or low operating and management efficiency by processing companies.

Competition will always exist. Competition exists in every country in the world, and it can only improve production efficiency. Complaining is useless.

Wang Lianzheng, researcher at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and former vice minister of the Ministry of Agriculture: An important reason why China’s soybeans are inferior to imported soybeans is that domestic soybeans are not as competitive as imported soybeans. Not only are they not competitive in terms of price, but they are also inferior in quality. insufficient. However, soybeans are the main crop in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, and farmers cannot grow anything else unless they grow soybeans. If nothing else, can the government cover all these people? Liu Yuan’s point of view:

How to resolve the soybean problem [Topic]

To resolve the soybean problem, we must consider appropriate restrictions on foreign investment externally and improve the production efficiency of soybeans internally. and soybean quality

Foreign capital has entered the Chinese soybean market in a large scale. What should the Chinese soybean industry do? The reporter interviewed Wang Lianzheng and Ke Bingsheng, a professor at the Rural Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture.

Is China’s soybean controlled by foreign capital?

Reporter: One current theory is that foreign capital has begun to monopolize China’s soybean industry. What do you think?

: Some experts say that any proportion of foreign investment will endanger economic security. In my opinion,

Reporter: What is the main reason for the impact of imported soybeans on domestic soybeans?

Ke Bingsheng

Tian Renli:

Did joining the WTO lead to the soybean crisis?

Reporter: Now everyone has this judgment. When joining the WTO, it was generally believed that there would be an immediate impact on agriculture. However, in the past few years, there has been no immediate impact. Everyone expects that starting from this year and next year, soybeans will , corn is increasingly likely to be affected.

Ke Bingsheng: The soybean issue is affected by many complex factors such as supply and demand. It cannot be generally said to be the result of openness, because soybeans were already subject to a 3% tariff a few years before joining the WTO.

Of course, the less imports, the more domestic soybean prices will rise, but this phenomenon cannot occur.

First of all, this is not a matter of complaint. It is not directly related to WTO accession. Tariffs have not changed, but market conditions have changed, which makes no sense attributing it to opening up; there have been times when soybean prices were high since joining the WTO. Second

Tian Renli:

Solution

Reporter: Under the current circumstances, do you think there is any way to solve these problems?

Ke Bingsheng: Why is the domestic automobile industry still developing despite lower tariffs on the automobile industry? The same is true for the development of the soybean industry. Now it is not a question of whether to restrict imports, but how to improve production efficiency. Improving efficiency includes improving the country's infrastructure, building water conservancy facilities, and improving production conditions; second, it must have advanced technology and good technology extension services; third, farmers must use these technologies. The fundamental solution to agricultural problems is to improve competitiveness and productivity. This is the fundamental way out, and these require greater support from the state, which is an important part of the state’s fiscal support for agriculture.

Wang Lianzheng: I think it should be improved in the following aspects. Appropriately expand the planting area; increase yields and improve varieties; strengthen scientific research. There is currently no national soybean research institute in the country; improve agricultural production conditions; from a policy perspective, consider increasing subsidies for soybeans like the United States.

Tian Renli: The key to solving the soybean problem is to solve the market problem. It is better to give money to the market. In addition to huge government subsidies, American farmers now sell bulk agricultural products first and then plant them, so that farmers do not have to worry about market risks. We can consider following suit.

My specific suggestions are as follows: a soybean association should be established as soon as possible to concentrate efforts, coordinate and strive for the right to speak in soybean procurement, and then strive for pricing power in the buyer's market; non-GMO technical barriers should be launched; unified bidding should be conducted Purchase and restrict the entry of multinational grain merchants into the futures market; a group of key enterprises should be supported and corresponding policies should be provided to encourage the use of domestic soybeans; a soybean market adjustment fund should be established to regulate demand and prices through the futures market. (Enter: Chen Liming)

Author: Reporter Cao Haidong Source: Southern Weekend

Time: 2006-08-10 13:19:

On the intensive flow along the coast In terms of exports of agricultural products, export growth? However, overseas agricultural organizations are becoming dominant in the export of flow-intensive agricultural products.

The result of this is actually to hand over both the domestic and international markets to foreign agricultural enterprises and organizations.

Officials from the Ministry of Agriculture and other government departments said this reflects China’s image as a responsible big country.

According to Chen Guoqiang, developed countries provide farmers with subsidies of US$1 billion per day. Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan’s subsidies to farmers?

Historical lessons from the Philippines:

Within the WTO framework, free and equal competition in agricultural product trade is nonsense, but our country allows overseas agricultural enterprises that enjoy high government subsidies to And organizations "freely" seize the traditional market for agricultural products of China's small farmers. Faced with such a "confident" move, where is the confidence? Does China plan to rely on finance to support 800 million small farmers? Or are you determined to be the second best in the Philippines?

II. Import and export of land-intensive agricultural products

(1) Grain exports increased significantly and imports decreased significantly, showing a net export pattern

Grain exports increased significantly growth, imports dropped significantly, and the net import pattern changed from the previous year to a net export pattern. This is mainly because my country's grain production has achieved a restorative increase in the past two years and the relationship between supply and demand has improved. In terms of varieties, wheat imports dropped significantly, while corn exports increased significantly.

In 2005, my country exported 10.175 million tons of cereals, a year-on-year increase of 1.1 times; imported 6.272 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 35.7%; the net import of cereals changed from 4.958 million tons in the previous year to a net export of 3.903 million tons. Specifically, The situation is as follows:

Rice products: In 2005, exports were 686,000 tons, a year-on-year decrease of 24.6%; imports were 522,000 tons, a year-on-year increase of 31.9%; net exports were 164,000 tons, a year-on-year increase of 15.0%.

Corn products: Exports in 2005 were 8.642 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 2.7 times; imports were very small (4017.3 tons), and net exports were 8.638 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 2.7 times. This is due to the simultaneous impact of national macro-control and my country's sufficient corn supply.

Wheat products: In 2005, exports were 605,000 tons, a year-on-year decrease of 44.5%; imports were 3.538 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 51.3%; net imports were 2.934 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 52.4%.

Barley products: 2.179 million tons were imported in 2005, a year-on-year increase of 27.7%.

(2) Both the import and export of edible oil seeds increased, and the trade deficit expanded; the export of edible vegetable oil increased and the import declined, and the trade deficit narrowed

Edible oil seeds: 1.36 million exports in 2005 tons, a year-on-year increase of 16.8%; imports were 27.042 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 30.3%.

Among them, soybean exports were 413,000 tons, a year-on-year increase of 18.6%; soybean imports were 26.591 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 31.4%.

Edible vegetable oil: Exports in 2005 were 228,000 tons, a year-on-year increase of 2.5 times; imports were 6.213 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 8.2%. Among them, soybean oil exports were 63,000 tons, a year-on-year increase of 2.2 times; imports were 1.694 million tons, a year-on-year decrease of 32.7%. Rapeseed oil exports were 31,000 tons, a year-on-year increase of 4.6 times; imports were 178,000 tons, a year-on-year decrease of 49.7%. Palm oil imports were 4.330 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 12.3%. The growth in edible vegetable oil exports was mainly due to the rapid increase in exports of corn oil and soybean oil.

(3) Cotton imports increased, exports decreased, and the trade deficit narrowed; sugar imports and exports both increased, and the trade deficit expanded.

Cotton: Exports in 2005 were 8,000 tons, a year-on-year decrease. 33.1%; imports were 2.653 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 33.7%.

Sugar: Exports in 2005 were 358,000 tons, a year-on-year increase of 3.2 times; imports were 1.390 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 14.4%. The growth of exports is mainly due to the growth of processing trade with imported materials and processing with supplied materials. Import growth is mainly to make up for the demand gap.

3. Import and export of labor-intensive agricultural products

Exports of labor-intensive agricultural products such as vegetables, fruits, livestock products, and aquatic products continue to maintain rapid growth. The main reason is that the quality of my country's agricultural products continues to improve and its price has a comparative advantage.

(1) The growth in exports of vegetables and fruits is due to the trade surplus and the expansion of the surplus

Vegetables: 6.80 million tons were exported in 2005, a year-on-year increase of 13.0%, and the export volume was US$4.48 billion. A year-on-year increase of 18.1%; imports were 97,000 tons, a year-on-year decrease of 9.2%, and the import value was US$82 million, a year-on-year decrease of 10.6%.

Fruit: In 2005, exports were 3.646 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 16.6%, and the export value was US$2.03 billion, a year-on-year increase of 23.5%; imports were 1.145 million tons, a year-on-year increase of 7.9%, and the import value was US$660 million, a year-on-year increase. 12.7%.

(2) Both the import and export of livestock products and aquatic products increased; the trade deficit of livestock products narrowed significantly, and the trade surplus of aquatic products expanded

Livestock products: export volume in 2005 was 3.60 billion US dollar, a year-on-year increase of 13.0%; import volume was US$4.23 billion, a year-on-year increase of 4.7%; the trade deficit was US$630 million, a year-on-year decrease of 26.2%. Among them, the export of pig products was US$950 million, a year-on-year decrease of 2.0%; the import was US$180 million, a year-on-year decrease of 25.3%. Exports of poultry products were US$910 million, a year-on-year increase of 40.8%; imports were US$350 million, a year-on-year increase of 1.1 times.

Aquatic products: In 2005, the export volume was US$7.89 billion, a year-on-year increase of 13.2%; the import volume was US$4.12 billion, a year-on-year increase of 27.2%; the trade surplus was US$3.77 billion, a year-on-year increase of 1.1%.

4. my country’s agricultural product import and export trade is still dominated by the eastern region, with its export share decreasing and import share slightly increasing; the central region’s export share increasing and its import share decreasing slightly; the western region The share of import and export increased slightly

In 2005, the export volume of agricultural products in the eastern region was US$21.65 billion, a year-on-year increase of 14.6%, accounting for 78.5% of the export share of agricultural products, a decrease of 2.3 percentage points; the import volume was US$26.93 billion. The US dollar increased by 2.9% year-on-year, accounting for 93.8% of the import share of agricultural products, an increase of 0.5 percentage points. The export value of agricultural products in the central region was US$3.82 billion, a year-on-year increase of 38.4%, accounting for 13.9% of the export share of agricultural products, an increase of 2.0 percentage points; the import value was US$1.22 billion, a decrease of 10.1% year-on-year, accounting for 4.2% of the import share of agricultural products, a decrease of 0.6 percentage points. The export volume of agricultural products in the western region was US$2.11 billion, a year-on-year increase of 21.7%, accounting for 7.6% of the export share of agricultural products, an increase of 0.2 percentage points; the import volume was US$570 million, a year-on-year increase of 9.8%, accounting for 2.0% of the import share of agricultural products, an increase of 0.1 percentage points.

Shandong Province ranked first in terms of export volume in 2005, with an export volume of US$7.24 billion, a year-on-year increase of 22.2%; the second place was Guangdong Province, with an export volume of US$3.58 billion, a year-on-year increase of 5.2%; The third place is Zhejiang Province, with export volume of US$2.49 billion, a year-on-year increase of 9.4%. In 2005, Shandong Province ranked first in terms of import volume, with an import volume of US$5.65 billion, a year-on-year increase of 11.5%; the second place was Guangdong Province, with an import volume of US$4.55 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 10.3%; the third place was Jiangsu Province, with an import volume of US$4.55 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 10.3%. The amount was US$4.50 billion, a year-on-year increase of 3.4%.

5. Asia is still the largest export market for my country’s agricultural products, with a slight decrease in market share; export market shares to Europe and North America have increased to varying degrees

Enter Asia Exports and trade both grew. Asia is my country's largest export market for agricultural products. In 2005, exports to Asia were US$18.15 billion, a year-on-year increase of 13.7%, accounting for 65.8% of my country's total agricultural exports, a decrease of 2.4 percentage points.

Among them, the top five countries and regions in terms of export value are: Japan, US$7.94 billion, a year-on-year increase of 7.2%; South Korea, US$2.86 billion, a year-on-year increase of 34.1%; Hong Kong, China, US$2.77 billion, a year-on-year increase of 1.8%; Malaysia, US$690 million , a year-on-year increase of 30.7%; Indonesia was US$420 million, a year-on-year decrease of 6.4%. In 2005, Asia was my country's third largest import market for agricultural products. Imports from Asia were US$5.67 billion, a year-on-year increase of 2.6%, accounting for 19.6% of my country's total agricultural product imports, an increase of 0.03 percentage points.

Imports and exports to Europe increased. Europe is my country's second largest export market for agricultural products. In 2005, exports to Europe were US$4.54 billion, a year-on-year increase of 32.9% (of which exports to the EU were US$3.50 billion, a year-on-year increase of 33.3%), accounting for 16.5% of my country's agricultural export market, an increase of 7.3%. percentage points. Among them, the top five countries in terms of export value are: Germany, US$940 million, a year-on-year increase of 37.5%; Russia, US$730 million, a year-on-year increase of 23.0%; the Netherlands, US$540 million, a year-on-year increase of 30.7%; and the United Kingdom, US$400 million, a year-on-year increase of 25.7%. %; Spain was US$380 million, a year-on-year increase of 68.4%. In 2005, Europe was my country's fourth largest import market. Imports from Europe were US$3.39 billion, a year-on-year increase of 31.3%, accounting for 11.8% of my country's agricultural product import market, an increase of 2.6 percentage points.

Exports to North and South America increased. North America is my country's third largest export market for agricultural products. In 2005, exports to North America were US$3.34 billion, a year-on-year increase of 23.6%, accounting for 12.1% of my country's agricultural export market, an increase of 0.9 percentage points. Among them, exports to the United States were US$2.96 billion, a year-on-year increase of 23.4%; exports to Canada were US$390 million, an increase of 24.8%. South America ranks fourth in my country's agricultural export market, with exports to South America reaching US$530 million, a year-on-year increase of 30.2%, accounting for 1.9% of my country's agricultural export market, an increase of 0.2 percentage points.

Imports of agricultural products from North America decreased, while imports of agricultural products from South America increased. North America and South America are my country's first and second largest import markets respectively. In 2005, imports from North America were US$7.90 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 13.7%; imports from South America were US$7.56 billion, a year-on-year increase of 14.3%. They accounted for 27.5% and 26.3% of my country's agricultural product import market respectively, a decrease of 5.2 percentage points and an increase of 2.7 percentage points respectively. Among them, imports from the United States were US$6.72 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 12.6%; imports from Brazil were US$3.01 billion, a year-on-year increase of 5.9%; imports from Argentina were an increase of 10.7% year-on-year; imports from Canada were US$1.15 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 20.4%.

6. my country’s agricultural products trade is mainly based on general trade, with exports increasing and imports declining; imports and exports increasing through processing with imported materials

Exports in 2005 under general trade were 20.94 billion USD, a year-on-year increase of 18.5%, accounting for 75.9% of the total export value of agricultural products; exports through processing with imported materials were USD 4.51 billion, a year-on-year increase of 17.6%, accounting for 16.4% of the total export value of agricultural products; exports through small-scale border trade were USD 510 million, year-on-year An increase of 23.2%, accounting for 1.9% of the total export value of agricultural products.

In 2005, imports through general trade were US$20.20 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 2.2%, accounting for 70.4% of the total import value of agricultural products; imports through processing with imported materials were US$4.25 billion, an increase of 9.6% year-on-year, accounting for 70.4% of the total import value of agricultural products. 14.8% of the value. Imports through small-scale border trade amounted to US$200 million, a year-on-year decrease of 0.9%, accounting for 0.7% of the total value of agricultural product imports.

Note:

1. Rice products: including rice, rice flour, rice and seed rice

2. Corn products: including corn, corn flour, Other processed corn and seed corn

3. Wheat products: including wheat, wheat flour and seed wheat

4. Barley products: including barley, processed barley and seed barley

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Chinese farmers are losing international and domestic markets

Author: Li Changping 2008-01-18 14:41:02 Published in: Blog China

Chinese farmers are losing "two markets." One is the domestic market for land-intensive agricultural products. For example, 70% of the domestic market share of soybeans and their processed products has been occupied by foreign companies; the other is the foreign market for labor-intensive agricultural products, such as vegetables and their processed products in Japan. The , South Korean and European markets were originally the traditional advantageous markets for mainland China's agricultural products, but now they are being gradually replaced by foreign agricultural enterprises entering China.

China’s agricultural policy has serious flaws. In the context of globalization, my country's agriculture has been forced to enter the third stage of development.

If the policy goal of the first stage of agricultural development is to pursue quantitative growth, and the second stage of development is to pursue the improvement of the quality and price of agricultural products, then the core policy goal of the third stage of development is to occupy market share and obtain lasting market share gains. .

In order to occupy market share, the main policy measures are "organization intensive + technology intensive (mainly quality improvement) + capital intensive + brand intensive + national industrial policy support". This is why developed countries in Europe and the United States are still interested in The reason for the high subsidies imposed on their agricultural organizations.

Two years ago, the author wrote an article warning: If the trend of Chinese farmers losing "two markets" at home and abroad remains unchanged, the consequences will be very serious. First, China will lose its agricultural product pricing power; second, Small farmers are always facing the threat of widespread bankruptcy or becoming the prey of capitalists. For example, many soybean farmers went bankrupt in the past two years, and cotton farmers, dairy farmers, etc. are now the meat of the family.

The author predicts that in the future, the income growth of Chinese farmers in the agricultural field will decline year by year, and simple reproduction of small farmer families will have to rely on the income of family members working in cities. However, more small farmers in China will will be forced to abandon small-scale farmer family operations, and China's rural areas will usher in an era of rapid mergers. The advent of this era will bring about four fundamental changes: rural issues will transform into urban issues; farmers' issues will transform into workers' issues; domestic dual economic contradictions will transform into international trade frictions; and economic and social issues will transform into political issues. This may be a change that China must face in its transformation process, and the test for the Chinese government may have truly begun.

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The link above is "The impact of joining the WTO on the grain industry in Northeast China" co-authored by Bi Kegui Ningshuang "Impact and Countermeasures" My Internet speed here is extremely slow, please download it yourself.

Hope it can be helpful to you! Haha, here I come again