Being sincere, honest and trustworthy in dealing with others, being true to your words and resolute in your deeds.

The category of integrity is composed of the two concepts of "sincerity" and "trust". Sincerity refers to sincerity and honesty; Xin refers to trust, credibility and trustworthiness. "Sincerity" and "faith" combined as a scientific moral category are the products of modern society. In modern society, the marketization and internationalization of the economy, the democratization and legalization of politics, the diversification of culture and the modernization of communication methods all highlight the value of integrity and require its practice. We can define integrity as the sum of psychological awareness, principles, norms and behavioral activities that adapt to the requirements of the development of the modern market economy, are closely related to modern economic contractual relations and democratic politics, and inherit the traditional virtues of honesty, sincerity, and promise-keeping. The essence of integrity must be grasped from the following aspects:

First of all, integrity is a kind of sincerity, truth-seeking attitude and trustworthiness that people must and should have in their conduct, dealing with others and life practice. The basic requirements for Nuo's behavioral quality are to tell the truth, do honest things, and be an honest person. Integrity means sincerity and loyalty; integrity means keeping your word and keeping your word. They are all basic qualities and characters that modern people must and should possess. Under the conditions of market economy, only by establishing the moral character of sincerity and trustworthiness can people adapt to the requirements of social life and realize their own life value.

Secondly, integrity is a social moral principle and norm. It requires people to guide their actions with the principle of truth and pragmatism, and to treat all work with an attitude of integrating knowledge and action. In modern society, integrity not only refers to business integrity between citizens and legal persons, but also includes social integrity based on social justice, such as institutional integrity, national integrity, government integrity, corporate integrity, and organizational integrity. This means that any government and system must be organized and constructed in accordance with the principle of integrity, and must also exercise its powers in accordance with the principle of integrity. Once it deviates from the principle and spirit of integrity, the government will lose its trust with the people and the system will become an unreasonable burden.

Thirdly, integrity is the dialectical unity of individual and society, psychology and behavior. Integrity is essentially the unity of virtue ethics and normative ethics, or belief ethics and responsibility ethics. It is the unity of deontology and utilitarianism, teleology and means theory. If "sincerity" emphasizes the sincerity of one's inner beliefs and is a kind of character and virtue, then "faith" is the external manifestation of the inner character of sincerity and is a kind of responsibility and norm. In Chinese history, there is a saying of “Being sincere to the inside and trusting to the outside world”. Integrity is not only a moral purpose and a belief that people should have, but also a moral means, a social responsibility that people should bear and a way to seek and realize benefits. Integrity can be both axiological and utilitarian, as well as deontological and deontological. The axiological and utilitarian views on integrity regard integrity as a value and a means to achieve goals. They believe that if people do not respect integrity, they will not be able to achieve their own development and improvement, and it will be difficult to obtain long-term and real benefits. The deontological and deontological concepts of integrity regard integrity as a due obligation and inherent requirement. They believe that people's emphasis on integrity is a need to improve their own quality and achieve all-round development. Even if emphasis on integrity does not bring material benefits, Still precious. We advocate the combination of deontology and utilitarianism on the issue of integrity. We not only regard the pursuit of integrity as a means of seeking profits and promoting development, but also regard the emphasis on integrity as a sacred mission and inherent obligation, so that The emphasis on integrity is both noble and practical, both great and ordinary, which embodies the value trait of "the most brilliant but the golden mean" advocated by traditional Chinese culture.

In short, integrity is the foundation and origin of all morality. It is not only a personal virtue and quality, but also a social moral principle and norm; not only an inner spirit and value, but also an external reputation and resources. Integrity is the embodiment of morality, and it is also the guarantee or source of utility.

Types and manifestations of integrity

There are different types and manifestations of integrity. Looking at the vertical historical coordinates, we can distinguish integrity into the natural integrity of the primitive blood society, the family or interpersonal integrity of the medieval agricultural society, and the fair integrity of the modern contract society. The natural integrity of the primitive blood society is related to blood relationships as its basic feature. It arises from the production and life needs within the original group. The blood group is the behavioral boundary of similar groups. In primitive societies where the level of productivity development is extremely low, individuals are completely dependent on blood groups and naturally develop loyalty and credit to blood groups. Therefore, "honesty and harmony" have become the basic behavioral norms of primitive people. Moreover, this natural integrity is closely linked to natural unity, bravery, primitive groupism, etc. Integrity at this stage has more natural factors than social factors. Overall, it is hazy, chaotic and lacks ideological content. Integrity in medieval peasant societies was familial or interpersonal integrity linked to status and hierarchical attachment relationships. The agricultural economy is a self-sufficient closed inward economy, restricted by narrow time and space and the limitations of communication. It relies on family ties and "acquaintance society" for production, exchange and consumption. People live in a world of familiar acquaintances, and thus form integrity and other moral principles and norms that maintain this acquaintance society.

In such a society, people have different status levels and enjoy different rights and obligations. Therefore, the content, nature and method of integrity are also different. In modern market society, integrity is based on contract as its basic feature. An essential difference between modern society and traditional agricultural society lies in the transition from identity to contract, from a society of acquaintances to a society of strangers, and from personal dependence to personal independence. The modern market economy is an open, export-oriented economy that uses exchange as the main method to connect production and consumption. It cuts off the ties of blood and family ties between people, breaks traditional geographical restrictions, and allows the "acquaintance society" to enter To the "world of strangers". In such a society, the integrity of commodity exchange can only rely on contracts and contracts, and can be carried out under the protection of laws and systems. With the development of the market economy, integrity norms have developed from latent ideology to explicit ideology, and have become increasingly clear and specific, becoming the most basic and universal norms for regulating social relations.

From the horizontal reality coordinates, we can distinguish a society's integrity into economic integrity, political integrity and cultural integrity. Economic integrity refers to the integrity in economic life and the construction of material civilization. It is the integrity directly related to the behavior of seeking profit and seeking merit. It is mainly expressed as corporate integrity. The market economy should be an economy of integrity, and integrity is the soul of the market economy. As a borrower, whether you can gain the trust of the market depends on your ability to repay debts; as an operator, whether you can gain the trust of investors depends on your business capabilities; as an agent, whether you can gain trust when disposing of other people's assets depends on your legal compliance. Your ability to assume asset responsibilities for others; as a worker, whether you can gain the trust of the labor market depends on your professionalism and professional ability. With the rise of new trading methods such as e-commerce, online trading and futures trading, the spirit of credit ethics has become an important foundation for the healthy development of the market economy. Experience at home and abroad shows that the more developed the market economy is, the more credit ethics must be strengthened. This is a prerequisite for integrating into the world economy and participating in international economic competition. Therefore, Franklin said: "Credit is money." Credit, trust and reputation are the passports of modern economic activities, as well as the source of power and advantageous capital to ensure its success. Modern credit is the solemn commitment of economic activity entities to their actions and the positive evaluation of their performance by all sectors of society. Credit includes professional credit in the sense of loan capital (including commercial credit, bank credit and consumer credit) and social credit in general economic activities. Trust is an economic relationship between two parties on the basis of credit. Only enterprises that keep their promises can gain the trust of the public and have a good environment for engaging in business activities. Credibility is the sublimation of general credit relationships. Enterprises that keep their promises have higher reputation in the market and can be favored by other enterprises and consumers. Reputation is the spiritual wealth and value resource of an enterprise, a place or even a country, and has even become a special kind of capital. A company with a good reputation has a good image in the market and a high reputation, which itself is a huge intangible asset. Economic integrity includes production integrity, exchange integrity, distribution integrity and consumption integrity, and is reflected in economic decision-making, economic activities and economic evaluation.

Political integrity refers to integrity in political life and the construction of political civilization, which is mainly reflected in government integrity. The country should be governed with integrity. Zigong, a student of Confucius, asked Confucius for advice on how to govern a country. Confucius summarized it as "enough food, enough soldiers, and the people have trust." When Zigong asked again which one of the three must be eliminated and which one should be eliminated first, Confucius replied without hesitation: "Remove the soldiers." Zigong asked again, between "enough food" and "people's trust" "When one of the two items must be removed, which one should be removed first, Confucius replied: "Get rid of food." In Confucius' view, "Death has occurred since ancient times, and the people cannot establish their trust in the government." Trust is more important to the "establishment" of a country than a strong army and sufficient food. Xunzi also had a profound understanding of this. He believes that if government orders win the trust of the people, the country will be strong; if government orders fail to trust the people, the country will be weak. Therefore, the purpose and foundation of governing the country should be to establish faith. In modern society, political democratization has become a trend. It requires regulating the behavior of the government and its officials in accordance with the principle of integrity, increasing the transparency of government behavior, avoiding administrative monopoly and secret operations in administrative work, and making government affairs transparent and in accordance with the law. Administration, establishing an honest government. In addition, political integrity also includes political activities and political system integrity.

Cultural integrity is the integrity in cultural life and spiritual civilization construction, which mainly manifests in educational integrity and academic integrity. In contemporary China, developing advanced culture means developing a national, scientific and popular socialist culture that is oriented to modernization, the world, and the future, so as to continuously enrich people's spiritual world and enhance their spiritual strength. In order to build an advanced socialist culture, we must adhere to the direction of serving the people and serving socialism and the policy of letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contending. We must persist in arming people with scientific theories, guiding people with correct public opinion, molding people with a noble spirit, and adhering to the spirit of excellence. The works are inspiring and value-oriented. To this end, we should strengthen the construction of citizen morals focusing on honesty and trustworthiness, promote the moral principles and systems of honesty and trustworthiness in all walks of life, and resolutely eradicate dishonesty in the spiritual and cultural fields.

The functions and effects of integrity

In social life, integrity not only has the function of education, motivation and evaluation, but also has the function of restraint, regulation and regulation.

As far as an individual is concerned, integrity is a noble strength of personality; as far as an enterprise is concerned, integrity is a valuable intangible asset; as far as a society is concerned, integrity is a normal order of production and life; as a country is concerned, integrity is a good international image.

First, integrity is the foundation of a person’s life. Integrity is the moral quality and character that individuals must possess. If a person does not have the character and quality of integrity, it will not only be difficult for him to form an internally unified and complete self, but also it will be difficult for him to realize his potential and achieve success. Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi pointed out: "Scholars cannot be dishonest. If you are not sincere, you will not be a good person. If you are not sincere, you will not be a gentleman. If you do not study with sincerity, your learning will be miscellaneous; if you do not do things with sincerity, you will fail; if you do not use sincerity in your studies, you will fail. If you deceive others, you will abandon your loyalty; if you are not sincere to others, you will lose your virtue and increase others' resentment." (Volume 25 of "Henan Cheng Family's Posthumous Letters") "Sincerity" is not only the foundation of virtue and goodness. and fundamental, and also the guarantee for the success of all undertakings. "Faith" is a symbol of a person's image and reputation, and it is also the minimum moral quality that a person should possess. Confucius said: "If you believe, people will do whatever you want." "If people don't have faith, they don't know what they can do." If you are sincere in the inside, you must trust in the outside. If a person is sincere in his heart, he must have faith in his words; if he is sincere in his heart, he must have faith in his words, and his actions must be honest. Integrity is an important guarantee for realizing self-worth, and it is also an intrinsic requirement for individuals to cultivate virtue and do good deeds. Lack of integrity will put oneself into a very embarrassing situation, and it will be difficult for individuals to make positive judgments and evaluations about their own life. At the same time, lack of integrity not only deceives oneself, but also inevitably deceives others. This kind of self-deception not only destroys a healthy self, but also destroys interpersonal relationships. Therefore, integrity is the foundation of a person's life and the treasure of life. Individuals pay attention to moral cultivation and moral self-education, cultivate ideal personality, and require self-cultivation and self-transformation in a sincere, faithful and firm manner. Ancient Chinese thinkers emphasized the status and role of "righteousness and sincerity" and "reflexive sincerity" in personal moral cultivation, and believed that the key to cultivating morality is to have a sincere heart and sincerity. The degree of sincerity determines the height of moral cultivation. It can be said that "where sincerity reaches, gold and stone can be opened." "There are all people in the world who cannot be transformed, but I am afraid that sincerity has not been there; there is nothing in the world that cannot be done, just be determined." Not strong.” Therefore, the Chinese place special emphasis on “being true to yourself, speaking sincerely, and doing real things.”

Second, integrity is the foundation of enterprises and institutions. Integrity, as a universally applicable moral principle and norm, is a moral lever for establishing positive interactive relationships between industries and units. Honesty and trustworthiness are important norms in the construction of socialist professional ethics. Honesty and trustworthiness are the codes of conduct that all practitioners must and should follow in their professional activities. It covers the relationship between practitioners and service objects, professions and employees, and professions and professions. The activities of enterprises and institutions are all human activities, and in order to develop, they must pay attention to integrity. Because development not only implies the enhancement and improvement of the organization's own strength and viability, but also implies the optimization and perfection of the relationships between organizations, organizations and external factors, and internal elements of the organization. Whether it is the enhancement and improvement of the organization's own strength and viability, or the optimization and improvement of internal and external relationships within the organization, integrity is essentially required and cannot be separated from integrity. Integrity not only produces benefits and materialized social wealth, but also produces harmonious and spiritual social wealth. In a market economy society, "the customer is God" and the market is the impartial judge. If an enterprise betrays God, operates dishonestly, and blindly pursues crooked ways, it will inevitably be eliminated by the market. Integrity is the cornerstone for shaping corporate image and winning corporate credibility, an important weight for defeating the enemy in competition, and the lifeblood of modern enterprises.

Third, integrity is the foundation of the national government. The main body of the country is the people, and the sovereignty of the country also belongs to the people. Ancient Chinese political ethics emphasized that "the people are the foundation of the country, and the foundation is solid and the country is safe", "the people are the most important, the country is second, the king is the most important", "those who win the hearts of the people will win the world, and those who lose the hearts of the people will lose the world". It is believed that the leader of the country We should win the trust of the people with a sincere attitude and method, so that the people can live and work in peace and contentment and the country will be peaceful and clear. Wei Zheng of the Tang Dynasty wrote in his epistle to Emperor Taizong: "Those who seek the growth of trees must consolidate their roots; those who wish to flow far away must dredge up their sources; those who long for the security of their country must accumulate their virtues and righteousness." ( "Zhenguan Politicians·On the First Way of the King") The way to govern a country lies in valuing virtue and advocating righteousness, and the main content of virtue and righteousness is integrity. Liu Zongyuan said: "Faith is the foundation of government and cannot be abandoned in a moment." Sima Guang of the Song Dynasty pointed out in "Zi Zhi Tong Jian": "The husband's faith is the greatest treasure of the ruler. The country protects the people, and the people rely on trust. Untrustworthy Without the people, there is no way to protect the country. Therefore, in ancient times, a king would not bully the world, and a tyrant would not bully his neighbors. Those who are good for the country would not bully their own people, and those who are good for the family would not bully their relatives. The neighboring countries bully their own people, even bully their brothers, and bully their fathers and sons. The superiors do not trust the subordinates, and the subordinates do not trust the superiors. The superiors and the subordinates are alienated, which leads to defeat." The above remarks show that integrity is the basic criterion for leaders to govern the country, and integrity constitutes the country. Morality governs the destiny of the country. Without integrity, we cannot have a long-term and upward destiny for the country. In modern society, democratic politics has become a trend and trend, which requires integrity as the basic principle of governing the country. The core of politics is power. The historical form of political power is private power or centralized power, while the power under democratic politics is public power. Public power means that power belongs to the people and essentially serves the people. The legitimacy of power comes from the trust of the people. Losing the trust of the people means losing the basis for the legitimacy of power.

Our country is a socialist country, and building a high degree of democracy is an important task in the construction of socialist political civilization