2. Direct exchange rate and indirect exchange rate
Direct exchange rate refers to the exchange rate at which foreign currency is converted into local currency, such as RMB/USD; Indirect exchange rate refers to the exchange rate at which domestic currency is converted into foreign currency, such as USD/RMB.
3. Floating exchange rate
Floating exchange rate is an exchange rate determined by market supply and demand, also known as market exchange rate or free exchange rate. The exchange rate in the international market fluctuates greatly and is often influenced by politics, economy and finance.
4. Fixed exchange rate
The fixed exchange rate is the exchange rate controlled by the government or the central bank, also known as the official exchange rate or the San Francisco exchange rate system. The government or the central bank will intervene in the market and maintain the stability of the exchange rate by buying and selling foreign exchange.
5. Cross exchange rate
Cross exchange rate refers to the exchange rate at which the third currency is converted into two different currencies, also known as indirect exchange rate. For example, if the US dollar is exchanged for the euro, and then the euro is exchanged for the Japanese yen, a cross exchange rate of the US dollar/Japanese yen is formed.
6. Premium and premium
Premium and discount refer to the difference between spot exchange rate and forward exchange rate. If the forward exchange rate is higher than the spot exchange rate, it is called premium; If the forward exchange rate is lower than the spot exchange rate, it is called discount.
7. Gold exchange rate
The gold exchange rate refers to the exchange rate system based on gold, also known as the gold standard system. Under the gold exchange rate system, the ratio of each country's currency to gold is fixed, and the country can adjust the exchange rate through gold reserves.
8. Foreign exchange risk
Foreign exchange risk refers to the financial risk caused by exchange rate fluctuation. Enterprises often need foreign exchange when conducting international trade or investment. If the exchange rate changes greatly, it will affect the profit and balance sheet of the enterprise.
9. Exchange rate risk hedging
Exchange rate risk hedging refers to reducing or eliminating the impact of foreign exchange risk through certain financial instruments or trading strategies. Common hedging methods include futures, options, forward exchange rates and currency swaps.
10. Manifa exchange rate system
Malaysia-France exchange rate system refers to an improved fixed exchange rate system, and the currencies of many countries form a monetary union to maintain exchange rate stability. The representative of this system is the euro zone, and the member countries use the same currency to maintain the stability of the exchange rate through the European Central Bank.