: 1. attribute. Article 123 of China's Constitution stipulates that "the people's courts in People's Republic of China (PRC) are state judicial organs", which clarifies the nature of the people's courts' performance of state judicial functions. Judicial power shall be exercised by the people's courts alone and shall not be shared with other state organs.
2. production. According to China's Constitution, the Supreme People's Court is elected by the National People's Congress, and is responsible to and supervised by the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee. Local people's courts at various levels are produced by the people's congresses at the corresponding levels, and are responsible to and supervised by the people's congresses at the corresponding levels and their standing committees.
3. setup. According to China's Constitution and the Organic Law of People's Courts, local people's courts at all levels are set up according to administrative divisions, and special people's courts are set up according to the actual needs of specific organizational systems or specific cases. The court system in China consists of the Supreme People's Court, local people's courts at all levels and special people's courts. Local people's courts at all levels include: (1) basic people's courts located in counties, autonomous counties (banners), cities not divided into districts and municipal districts; (2) Intermediate People's Courts, located in provinces, autonomous regions, cities under the jurisdiction of provinces and autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures (leagues) and municipalities directly under the Central Government; (3) Higher People's Courts in provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. Special people's courts include military courts and maritime courts. Military courts are also divided into three levels: grass-roots courts, including military courts of units at the corps level, military courts at the corps level and military courts of troops directly under Beijing; Military courts of major military regions and services; China People's Liberation Army Military Court. Maritime courts are located in large and medium-sized coastal cities and large cities in the Yangtze River basin. People's courts at all levels set up judicial committees to sum up trial experience and discuss major or difficult cases and other issues related to trial work.
The people's courts may set up criminal courts, civil courts and administrative courts, and the people's courts at or above the intermediate level may also set up other courts as needed. People's courts at all levels have enforcement agencies, which are responsible for executing judgments and rulings in civil and economic cases that need to be enforced by people's courts.
The Supreme People's Court supervises the trial work of local people's courts at all levels and special people's courts, and the people's courts at higher levels supervise the trial work of people's courts at lower levels.
4. Tasks and authorities. The task of the people's courts is to try criminal cases, civil cases and administrative cases, punish criminals through trial activities, solve civil disputes, protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens, safeguard the socialist legal system and social and economic order, and ensure the smooth progress of socialist modernization.