Agricultural modernization in developed capitalist countries started from the second industrial revolution and was completed in 1970s and 1980s.
Modern agriculture is a concept relative to traditional agriculture.
In traditional agricultural production, farmers use hand-made ironwood farm tools, and the production of manpower, animal power, water power and wind power is based on direct experience technology. The degree of socialization of agricultural production is very low, and it is basically in a self-sufficient natural economic state. Due to the combination of extensive farming and labor-intensive intensive farming, agricultural production efficiency is low and technological progress is slow.
1. 1.2 agricultural modernization Modern agriculture and agricultural modernization are consistent concepts and two sides of the same problem: modern agriculture is a relative achievement and agricultural modernization is a relative process.
Moreover, the connotation of agricultural modernization is deepening with the development of the times, with typical dynamics and different meanings in different historical periods. Up to now, there is still a lack of standardized and unified understanding of this concept in academic circles.
From the mid-1980s to the early 1990s, Chinese scholars extensively absorbed the development experience at home and abroad, and gained a deeper understanding of the connotation of agricultural modernization, mainly focusing on the following three aspects: First, they summarized the connotation and characteristics of agricultural modernization with scientificity, intensification, socialization and commercialization; Secondly, the connotation of agricultural modernization is summarized with modern science and technology (especially biotechnology), modern equipment, modern management and modern farmers. Thirdly, it is considered that ecological agriculture or sustainable agriculture is the real agricultural modernization, which is different from the tendency of equating agricultural modernization with "petroleum agriculture" in the past.
From the early 1990s to the mid-1990s, with the establishment and continuous improvement of the socialist market economic system, the labor cost in coastal developed areas rose, and the agricultural labor force shifted from rural areas to cities and towns, and from the primary industry to the secondary and tertiary industries. The connotation of agricultural modernization is understood as the transformation of commercialization, science and technology, industrialization, socialization and ecology.
1. 1.3 the construction of modern agricultural system should include the following main contents: first, a stable agricultural management system.
According to the law, farmers are given long-term guaranteed land management rights. During the contract period, without the consent of farmers, farmers' contracted land shall not be recovered or adjusted, and farmers' contracted land shall not be expropriated.
The second is a stable investment guarantee system.
The state must increase investment in major infrastructure construction, major scientific and technological research and technology popularization that have a long-term effect on agricultural development.
The establishment of a stable agricultural input guarantee system by the state conforms to the requirements of the Agreement on Agriculture of the World Trade Organization and is also an effective way for the state to support and protect agriculture.
The third is a perfect market economy system.
Establish farmers' dominant position in production and operation according to law, give full play to the regulatory role of the market in factor allocation, and have a unified, open and competitive market system with complementary functions of agricultural products market, spot trading market, wholesale market and futures market.
The fourth is to improve the quality standard system.
It has the quality standards of agricultural products that are organically connected with the international quality of agricultural products and conform to the national conditions of China.
Take laws and regulations as the guarantee, technical standards as the basis, and routine monitoring and certification as the means to realize agricultural standardization.
The fifth is a scientific disease prevention and control system.
A legally binding system for prevention and control of major animal and plant diseases, including epidemic forecasting, rapid diagnosis and monitoring of major animal and plant diseases, identification and identification of animal and plant diseases, prevention and control of major animal and plant diseases, emergency treatment of major animal and plant diseases, preparation of prevention and control materials, mobilization and organization of prevention and control personnel, and implementation system of prevention and control funds.
Sixth, improve the risk prevention system.
Further clarify the policy nature, business scope, level and specific measures of financial support, business organization form and operation mechanism of agricultural insurance, management system of agricultural insurance, rights and obligations of insurance companies and insured farmers, and legal responsibilities.
1. 1.4 agricultural industrialization is to organize the development of agriculture and rural economy according to the requirements of industrialization. Its basic characteristics are market-oriented, benefit-centered, and multi-level, multi-form and diversified optimization of key products and leading industries of agriculture and rural economy according to the requirements of integration of production, supply and marketing, planting, processing, trade, industry and agriculture, and science and education.
Its essence is to update and expand the traditional agricultural concept according to the requirements of market economy for farmers' behavior subjects, and to maximize agricultural benefits under the condition of limited resources.
Adopt it