In troubled times and wars, war is money. Where did the military expenses of Cao Cao, Sun Quan and Liu Bei come from? Jincheng Muyu will comb it with everyone.
Cao Cao, a well-off family, "worked hard the day after tomorrow." Those who attacked Cao Cao at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty always said that he was a eunuch, because Cao Cao's father Cao Song was the adopted son of Cao Teng, the great eunuch at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Cao Teng has a high status. He is a veteran of several dynasties and has accumulated a lot of wealth.
And Cao Cao's father, Cao Song, is also a senior official. After the accumulation of two generations, the Cao family can be said to be truly well-off. When Cao Cao started fighting, his father Cao Song gave him a lot of money to recruit, which became the capital for Cao Cao to start fighting.
In addition to the property of Cao Cao's own family, after Cao Cao started his army, Cao Cao, who assembled thousands of troops, led troops directly from his brother Coss, which shows that Coss also had considerable financial resources; Cao Hong, another subordinate of Cao Cao, has a good family. Rich family wealth provided military support for Cao Cao's early development.
After the team and control area had a certain scale and development, Cao Cao implemented the system of reclaiming farmland in order to solve the problem of rations. On the one hand, he distributed land to refugees and collected taxes, on the other hand, he directly let soldiers with weak fighting capacity camp, which directly solved most of the problems of rations and military expenses.
Relying on Sun Quan, the "Elder of Jiangdong". When Sun Quan came to power, his brother Sun Ce had laid a solid foundation for him. After Sun Quan came to power, he relied more on several big families in Jiangdong to get their support.
In terms of rule, Sun Quan reused these rich and powerful "Jiangdong elders", and these aristocratic families in Jiangdong provided financial support and talent support for Sun Quan against Liu Bei and Cao Cao. For example, Lu Xun, who defeated Liu Bei in Yiling, is one of the representatives of these family forces.
In addition, Jiangdong is relatively stable and rich, and Sun Quan has a relatively stable tax source.
Liu Bei, a self-made man with no distinction in fame and fortune. Compared with Cao Cao and Sun Quan, Liu Bei's own conditions are really poor. Although Liu Bei was named as "Uncle Huang", the policy of the Han Dynasty towards princes made Wang Jing's branch in Zhongshan extend to Liu Bei, who had no money and no official position, and Liu Bei directly became a generation of "editing seats and selling shoes".
At the beginning of Liu Bei's business, except Zhang Fei, everyone who followed him had some money, and Guan Yu was not a rich man, which was one of the important reasons for Liu Bei's repeated failures in his early days.
After that, Liu Bei had several military forces, but there was no stable city and powerful army. He always changes his master to be an official. In his early development, Liu Bei voted for Gongsun Zan, Tao Qian, Yuan Shao and Liu Biao. During this period, many of Liu Bei's military expenses came from people he took refuge in.
It was not until Battle of Red Cliffs that Liu Bei embarked on the road to the rise of Bashu based on Jingxiang. At this time, the source of Liu Bei's military expenditure gradually turned to taxes in the ruling areas.
Due to "the weakness of Yizhou" and the perennial campaign of Liu Bei Group, the tax burden of Bashu people has reached the upper limit, which is also the main reason why Zhuge Liang often lacked food and grass in the Northern Expedition and one of the important reasons for the demise of Shu Han.
What do you think of this? What else do you know about Cao Cao, Sun Quan and Liu Bei's ways of obtaining military expenditure?
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References:
Three Kingdoms, Shu Wei, Jin Shu, Zi Tongzhi.