Securities are the general name of all kinds of economic rights and interests certificates, and also refer to specialized products, which are legal certificates used to prove that the holder enjoys certain rights and interests.
Securities mainly include capital security, currency securities and commodity securities. In a narrow sense, securities mainly refer to securities products in the securities market, including property market products such as stocks, debt market products such as bonds, and derivative market products such as stock futures, options and interest rate futures.
As a written document commending certain civil rights, securities have the following basic characteristics:
1. Securities are property rights.
Securities are documents of rights with property value. In modern society, people are not satisfied with the direct possession, use, income and disposal of wealth, but pay more attention to the ultimate domination and control of wealth, and securities, a new form of property, came into being. Holding securities means that the holder has control over the property represented by securities, but this control is not direct control but indirect control.
For example, if a shareholder holds shares in a company, he/she will have control over the company's property according to the proportion of his/her shares in the total issued shares of the company. However, he/she cannot claim the right to directly possess, use, benefit and dispose of the property of a specific company, but can only enjoy the owner's right to benefit from the assets, the right to make major decisions and the right to choose managers in proportion. In this sense, securities are the product of capital accumulation with the help of market economy and social credit development, and securities rights show the nature of property rights.
2. Securities are negotiable certificates of rights.
The vitality of securities lies in their liquidity. Traditional civil rights always face many obstacles when they are transferred. As far as civil property rights are concerned, it is unnecessary in nature because it does not involve personality and identity, but its transfer is a complex civil act.
For example, due to the civil rule of "relativity of creditor's rights", creditor's rights can be transferred as a form of property, but the creditor must inform the debtor when transferring the creditor's rights. This kind of transfer involving the interests of the three parties is inconvenient and fast because of the adjustment of legal norms.