In the 15th year of Guangxu (1889), Hanyeping Coal and Iron Factory and Mine Co., Ltd., Zhang Zhidong was transferred to the position of Governor of Huguang to supervise Luhan Railway (Han Jing Railway). Zhang Zhidong has been in charge of Hubei for nearly 20 years. Hubei has experienced a modern rise through promoting industry, running education, training new troops, responding to business wars, persuading farmers to mulberry new cities, and vigorously promoting the "Hubei New Deal". At the beginning of Guangxu 16th year (1890), Hubei Railway Bureau was established in Wuchang, with Cai Xiyong as the general manager. It was located at the foot of Guishan Mountain in Hanyang, and started construction in June 165438+ October in the 19th year of Guangxu. It was completed in September in the 20th year of Guangxu (1893), and in the 22nd year of Guangxu (1896), Zhang Zhidong was "invited to undertake". In the 17th year of Guangxu (189 1), mining began, and in the 19th year of Guangxu (1893), large-scale iron ore mining was started, and large-scale open-pit iron ore was built. In March of the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), Zhang Zhidong and Sheng Xuanhuai performed an ensemble in Anyuan, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, and appointed Zhang Zanchen as the general manager of Pingxiang Coal Mine Administration Bureau. In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908), in order to solve the problem of insufficient funds, Sheng Xuanhuai applied for the merger of Hanyang Iron Works, Daye Iron Mine and Pingxiang Coal Mine to form Hanyeping Coal and Iron Factory and Mine Co., Ltd., and changed it into a completely commercial company. By the eve of the Revolution of 1911, the company had more than 7,000 employees, with an annual output of nearly 70,000 tons of steel, 500,000 tons of iron ore and 600,000 tons of coal, accounting for more than 90% of the annual output of the Qing government. After Sheng Xuanhuai took over Hanyeping Coal and Iron Plant and Mining Company, he borrowed money from Japanese businessmen many times. Because of his inability to repay, the Japanese businessman's loan later became an investment. In the third year of Xuantong (19 1 1), Hanyeping Company was controlled by Japanese businessmen, and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression Shengli was taken over by the National Government in 19 15. Japanese imperialism put forward its purpose. Why did Japanese imperialism take a fancy to Hanyeping Company? Hanyeping Company, whose full name is Hanyeping Coal and Iron Factory and Mine Company, is composed of Hanyang Iron Factory, Daye Iron Mine and Pingxiang Coal Mine in Jiangxi Province. It is the first generation of new-type iron and steel joint venture in China. 1908, Sheng Xuanhuai approved the merger of Hanyang Iron Works, Daye Iron Mine and Pingxiang Coal Mine by asking the Qing government. By the eve of the Revolution of 1911, the company had more than 7,000 employees, with an annual output of nearly 70,000 tons of steel, 500,000 tons of iron ore and 600,000 tons of coal, accounting for more than 90% of the annual output of the Qing government. As Hanyeping Company is the only new steel joint venture of Qing government, controlling this company is actually equivalent to controlling the heavy industry of Qing government. Hanyeping Company has been trading with Japanese businessmen for a long time and borrowed a lot of money. The Japanese imperialists have long wanted to annex the company. At first, Daye Iron Mine and Hanyang Iron Works were both government-run. 1895, due to financial constraints, the Qing government allowed factory and mine officials to supervise commercial operations, and Sheng Xuanhuai took over Hanyang Iron Works. At first, it was estimated that the company recruited150,000, but only recruited1000,000, so it maintained and expanded by borrowing foreign debts. Sheng Xuanhuai borrowed the most from Japanese businessmen, 1896 borrowed for the first time, and 1898 borrowed from Japanese businessmen again. From 1902 to 1906, he borrowed about 3 million taels of silver (4.25 million yen) from Japanese businessmen. 1908 after the merger of the three factories, they had to borrow money from Japanese businessmen because of the unsuccessful IPO. Japan asked for some management rights, and Yuan Shikai wanted to nationalize the company, but the discussion failed. From 1908 to the eve of the Revolution of 1911, Hanyeping Company borrowed foreign debts 12 times, six of which were Japanese. To 19 1 1 year. The company used a total of 32 million taels of silver. Except for the principal of 6,543,800,000 yuan, the remaining 22,000,000 yuan were loans, with Japanese businessmen accounting for the majority, and Japanese businessmen's loans were later converted into investments. Japanese businessmen have very strict conditions in the loan contract with Hanyeping Company: the loan is guaranteed by the property of factories, mines and iron mines; The term is 30 years; Iron ore should be sold to the Japanese first, except for Hanyang Iron Works' own use. The price of iron ore is determined by both parties through consultation and is not affected by the international market; Japan's Bayleaf Steel Works can be pre-ordered. From 1908 to 19 15, Japanese businessmen shipped 60,000 ~ 70,000 tons of iron ore from Daye Iron Mine every year, which made Hanyeping Company actually controlled by Japanese businessmen in191year. Due to the close relationship between Hanyeping Company and Japanese businessmen, the situation that Hanyeping Company is controlled by Japanese businessmen has not changed, although China people strongly demand the abolition of Article 21. During the reign of Beiyang Warlords, the company borrowed 17 times from Japanese businessmen, with a total loan of about 37 million yen and 2.62 million silver, which was more tightly controlled by Japanese businessmen. During the reign of the National Government, the company was completely controlled by Japanese businessmen, and it was not taken over by the National Government until the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945, and it was not until the founding of New China that production resumed.

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