So it is called South China Zhen Jing.

A Textual Research on the Origin of "South China"

Yang

Jia Dao's poem "Illness": "The South China scroll under the lamp is a wine glass when you are worried." Su Shi's "Man Fangting returns to Xi": "It's gone! When my life came to an end, I didn't do anything at first, and I didn't fall behind. After listening to my son, I don't want to learn from South China. " The word "Southland" refers to the book Zhuangzi, which refers to Zhuang Zhou. However, I don't know when the name "South China" in Zhuangzi came into being.

According to Ma Duanlin's textual research (Volume 2 1 1), "(Zhuangzi Tang Shi, South China True Classic." ① Li Shu also explained the book "South China True Classics" in the Daodian: "Zhuangzi was called a South China real person in the Tang Dynasty, so Zhuangzi's book number was" South China True Classics ". ② The Chinese Dictionary (1 volume, 895 pages) interprets Nanhua as the abbreviation of Zhen Jing in South China and Zhen Jing in South China as the abbreviation of Zhuangzi, which began in the Tang Dynasty. (3) Ci Yuan (revised edition) explains the South China Classic: "Also known as the South China Classic ... Although Lu Deming's classic interpretation in the Tang Dynasty respected Laozi and Zhuangzi as classics, it was not called' South China'. It was not until February of the first year of Tang Tianbao that Zhuangzi was called' South China True Man' that his book was honored as' South China True Classics'. See Tang Yao Hui's Fifty Miscellanies and Old Tang Book Xuanzong Ji. " ④

Check the Book of Xuanzong of the Old Tang Dynasty (Volume 10): "In February of the first year of Tianbao, the books written by Bing Shen, Zhuangzi, Xuan Tong, Liezi, Xu Chong, Geng Sang Zi and Xu Dong were changed to the true classics." (5) And "Tang Yao Hui Zun Dao" (Volume 50) says: "On February 12th of the first year of Tianbao, Zhuangzi was posthumously awarded as a South China reality. The authors of this book are Liezi and Geng, which should be discussed in the middle. On March 9, 2008, Prime Minister Li and others called Zhuangzi a South China real person, a real person, Liezi as a real person, and Sang Zi as a real person, and Zhuangzi, Liezi and Sang Zi. ⑥

Obviously, the above-mentioned scholars think that Zhuangzi's South China, or a South China real person, called his book the South China True Classic, started from the Tang Dynasty, or exactly from the first year of Tianbao. They are based on the records of Old Tang Shu and Tang Yaohui, and it is correct to regard South China as Zhuangzi. However, they think that this title originated after the first year of Tianbao, which is not accurate.

In fact, before Tianbao, there was a record in Zhuangzi Nan Shi:

Yang Jiong, one of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty, wrote in the Tombstone of Li Jun, the magistrate of Baiquan County, Yuanzhou: "Being recreated by Xuanhuang, the sun and the moon came back, but they did not live, so they retired. South China is also a teacher, and my new home is cheap; Oriental talents are also humble. " ⑦ "South China" here refers to the poet Zhuangzi in the period of Emperor Gaozong and Wuhou (after 650- 693 AD), and it is recorded in "Biography of Yang Jiong in Old Tang Dynasty" that "(Yang Jiong) lived in the mansion, and there were many Jinshi pavilions, all with the title of the book, which made him laugh far and near. There is no official. After Zhongzong acceded to the throne, he and Lao Liao wrote volume eight of Lang posthumously. It shows that when Tang Zhongzong ascended the throne (AD 705), Yang Jiong was already dead. The first year of Tianbao was 742 AD, so it can be seen that before the first year of Tianbao, there was the title of "South China" in Zhuangzi.

Writing a paper in Dunhuang again, P? In 2390, there were eight quotations of "South China Theory" in the lost Taoist scriptures, and there were * * * articles, which were extracted as follows:

(1) South China talks about the cloud: "Is evil hidden? Evil is hidden, is it right or wrong? Is the evil of Tao going away without saving? What's wrong with keeping it? Tao is hidden in small achievements, and words are hidden in great glory. "

(2) South China Forum: "Heaven and earth coexist with me, and everything is one with me. Since it is one, what's the point? Now it's one of them, is it speechless? One plus one equals two, two plus one equals three. Naturally, in the past, I couldn't have got it by accident, but everything was right! So there is nothing wrong, so that the situation is self-sufficient! Nothing is appropriate because it is already! "

(3) South China talks about the cloud: "Static and Yin are integrated, and Yang moves in the same wave. First it's not a blessing, first it's not a curse. I feel that I have to follow, force me to go, and force me to start. "

(4) Southland said: "Those who have a beginning have it, those who have no beginning have it, those who have no beginning have it, those who have no Russia have it, and those who have no knowledge have it."

(5) Southern cloud: "There is nothing on the top, nothing on the bottom, and the bottom is the same as the top. If you are on the same page, you won't be a minister. There is something in the bottom and something in the top, which is the same as the bottom. "

(6) Nan Guoyun: "For a person, there is no ego; For a man who believes in God, there is no job; For a saint, there is no name. "

(7) South China Cloud: "Ask a question, there is almost no beginning." If you ask a question, you don't know. Although I asked, I have never heard of Tao. There is no question in the Tao, and there is no answer when asked. "

(8) South China talks about the cloud: "I don't know for Zhihu, I know for I don't know, and I know for I don't know."

Sui Shu's Annals of Classics: On South China, 25 volumes, written by Liang Kuang, 30 volumes. In addition, the Old Tang Book of Classics and the New Tang Book of Art and Literature were written by Liang Kuang as Thirty Volumes of Zhuangzi's South Wandering Fairy. It can be seen that in the Tang Dynasty, the theory of Southland was changed to the theory of Zhuangzi, the fairy of Southland. However, since then, the History of Song Dynasty, the Records of Arts and Literature, and the General Catalogue of Chongwen have not been included, nor have they been included in the collection. Probably, this book died in the Song Dynasty. Quoted from Dunhuang Manuscripts (P.2390), we can learn a little about this book. Compare the quotations from Shang Jie and Zhuangzi, among which (1), (2) and (4) are from Zhuangzi's theory of homogeneous objects, (3) from Zhuangzi's deliberate articles, (5) from Zhuangzi's Tian Dao articles and (6) from Zhuangzi's Xiaoyao articles. In the above quotations, except for a few words slightly different from the popular version of Zhuangzi, they are generally the original text of Zhuangzi. Therefore, The Theory of South China is about Zhuangzi, and The Theory is Liang Kuang's comment or explanation on Zhuangzi. To be sure, the "South China Rhyme" quoted in the Lost Taoist Classics by P.2390 comes from Liang Kuang's book "South China Rhyme". It can be seen that the name "South China" appeared in the Liang Dynasty in the Southern Dynasties.

The above two historical materials show that Zhuangzi South China should be no later than the Southern Liang Dynasty.

note:

(1) Ma Duanlin's General Examination of Literature and Classics, Beijing Zhonghua Book Company 1986, 1733.

② Li Shuhuan's Tao Jing Dictionary, Zhejiang Ancient Books Publishing House, 1987, 149.

③ Chinese Dictionary, Chinese Dictionary Publishing House, 1990, vol. 1, p. 895.

(4) Etymology (revised edition) (bound volume 1-4), Commercial Press1987,2313.

⑤ Liu Shao et al. The Book of Old Tang Dynasty, Beijing Zhonghua Book Company 1975, Volume 1, Page 2 15.

⑥ Ku Quan Shu by Wen Yuan Gus, Taipei Commercial Press 1986, Vol. 607, p. 646.

All Tang Wen, Zhonghua Book Company, 19834, vol. 194, 1965.

8 Note 4 on page 5003 of Volume 15.

Pet-name ruby Huang Dunhuang treasures, Taipei New Wen Feng Publishing Company 1985, volume 120- 179+083.

References:

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