I. Material evaluation
Raw materials belong to the object of labor and continuous processing. In principle, the assumption of continuous use should be applied to the evaluation of raw materials, and the assumption of open market should also be applied in special circumstances.
(A) the content and steps of material value assessment
1. Conduct physical inventory to ensure that the accounts are consistent with the facts.
2. According to different appraisal purposes and the characteristics of the assets to be appraised, select the corresponding appraisal method. In the choice of evaluation methods, cost method or market method are more used.
3. Use ABC analysis method of inventory management to highlight key points.
(2) Evaluation of inventory materials
1. Evaluate the recently purchased inventory materials.
[example 1] the material a of enterprise a was purchased from other places two months ago, and the detailed account record of this material is: the quantity is 5000 kg, the unit price is 400 yuan /kg, and the transportation and miscellaneous expenses are 600 yuan. According to the original records of material consumption and inventory, the inventory was still 1500 kg at the time of evaluation. According to the above information, the evaluation value of this material can be determined as follows: material evaluation value =1500× (400+600/5000) = 600180 (yuan).
For the freight and miscellaneous expenses incurred in purchasing raw materials, if they are purchased locally, they will not be regarded as the cost of raw materials, but directly as the period expenses, which will not be considered in the evaluation. If the amount of freight and miscellaneous fees purchased from other places is relatively large, it shall be included in the evaluation value of the assessed materials.
2. Evaluation of inventory materials with long batch interval and large price change. When evaluating this kind of materials, we can use the material price closest to the market price or directly take the market price as its evaluation value.
[example 2] enterprise b requires to evaluate the value of its inventory material B. This material is purchased in two batches. The first batch was acquired in June last year, with a unit price of 3,800 yuan/ton and a purchase price of 1000 ton. The second batch was purchased in April this year, the quantity100t, and the unit price was 4,500 yuan/ton. The valuation was made in May this year 1. It has been verified that there are still 500 tons of this material purchased last year, and the one purchased in April this year has not been used. Therefore, the quantity of material B to be evaluated is 600 tons, which can be directly calculated with the market price of 4500 yuan. The evaluation value is: the evaluation value of material B = 600× 4500 = 2.7 million yuan.
3. Lack of accurate evaluation of the current market inventory materials.
Some materials in enterprise inventory may be purchased early and the market is out of stock. There is no clear market price for reference or use at present. For the evaluation of this kind of materials, the price of materials can be corrected by looking for the price change information of substitutes; You can also determine the relationship between supply and demand of this material on the basis of analyzing the market supply and demand, and revise the material price accordingly; It can also be evaluated by the average price index of similar goods in the market.
4. Evaluation of the value of dull materials.
Usually, the variable current price acceptable to the market is used.
Second, the evaluation of low-value consumables
Low-value consumables are divided into inventory low-value consumables and in-use low-value consumables.
The evaluation of low-value consumables in use can adopt the same method as the evaluation of inventory materials according to the specific situation.
Low-value consumables in use can be evaluated by cost method. The calculation formula is:
Evaluation of low-value consumables in use = cost value of brand-new low-value consumables × innovation rate. When determining the new rate of low-value consumables, it should be determined according to their actual loss degree, but not completely according to their amortization method.
[Example 3] The low-value consumables of enterprise C, with the original price of 750 yuan, are expected to be used for 65,438+0 years and have been used for 9 months. The current market price of this low-value consumable is 65,438+0, 200 yuan, so the evaluation value is determined as: the evaluation value of the low-value consumable in use = 65,438+0,200× (65,438+0-9/65,438+02) = 300 yuan.
Third, the evaluation of work in process.
Work-in-process, including unprocessed work-in-process in the production process, refers to semi-finished products that have been processed but cannot be sold separately (semi-finished products that can be sold directly to the outside world are regarded as product evaluation). In-process product evaluation is a little more complicated than raw materials, because the cost structure of in-process products has changed after being processed by enterprises. The raw materials are not artificially invested by enterprises, but the in-process products are artificially invested by enterprises, and their costs already include direct labor wages, direct materials and manufacturing expenses.
Cost method or market method can be used in product evaluation.
(A) the application of cost method in product evaluation
1. Adjust the original cost according to the price variation coefficient.
Specific evaluation methods and steps are as follows:
(1) Conduct technical appraisal on the evaluated products, and eliminate the cost of unqualified products from the total cost;
(2) Analyze the composition of the original cost and eliminate its unreasonable expenses from the total cost;
(3) Analyze the market price changes of the material cost in the original cost structure from its production preparation to the evaluation benchmark date, and calculate the price change coefficient;
(4) Analyze whether the wages, fuel, power expenses and manufacturing expenses in the original cost have changed greatly from the production to the evaluation benchmark date, and whether it is necessary to make adjustments. Adjust if necessary, and calculate the adjustment coefficient;
(5) According to the technical appraisal, the analysis of the original cost composition and the calculation of the value variation coefficient, adjust the cost, determine the evaluation value, and if necessary, correct the evaluation value from the perspective of realization. The basic calculation formula of the evaluation value is as follows:
The evaluation value of a certain item or a certain kind of product in process = original reasonable material cost ×( 1+ price variation coefficient)+original reasonable salary cost ×( 1+ reasonable salary variation coefficient).
2. Calculate the evaluation value according to the average social consumption quota and the current market price.
Evaluation value of WIP = actual quantity of WIP × (process quota of single material in this process × current market price of unit material+single man-hour quota in this process × normal salary expenses)
3. Calculate the evaluation value according to the completion degree of WIP.
Work in process evaluation value = replacement cost of finished products × work in process equivalent.
Approximately equivalent to WIP = WIP quantity × WIP completion rate.
(B) the application of market method in product evaluation
Evaluation value of WIP = actual quantity of WIP × market acceptable unit price excluding tax-estimated expenses incurred in the sales process.
Evaluation value of scrapped WIP = weight of recyclable waste × current recycling price per unit weight.
[Example 4] Enterprise D has completely stopped production due to backward product technology, and is now preparing to merge with Company M. The product information is as follows:
The original recorded cost of the product is 6,543,800 yuan+0,750 yuan. According to its state and universality, it can be divided into three categories:
The first category: raw materials that have been delivered from the warehouse but have not been processed;
The second category: products in process that have been processed into parts and can be sold in the market with good liquidity;
The third category: processed parts can't be sold, can't be processed any more, and can only be scrapped.
For the first category, the evaluation value can be calculated according to the actual quantity, technical appraisal and current market price; The second kind of work-in-process can determine the evaluation value according to the current price acceptable to the market, the cost in the adjustment process and the adjustment risk; The third kind of work-in-process can only calculate the evaluation value according to the recycling price of waste materials.
According to the evaluation data, the evaluation results can be determined, as shown in Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3. Black metal A0011501600 240000 non-ferrous metal A002 kg 3000 18 54000 non-ferrous metal A003 kg 7000 12 84000 total 378000. a b 00 1 1800 54 97200 B002 600 100 60000 C003 100 25000 db 004 130 16。 5 2 1450 total 203650d001500035175000 0.4 700000d002 600010600000 0.4 24000d003 4500. 2 9000 6 54000 D004 pieces 30001133000 5165000 total 3 13000.