An index is a relative number representing the dynamics of social and economic phenomena, which can be used to determine the overall dynamics of social and economic phenomena that cannot be directly added and compared. We can analyze the influence degree of various factors in the total change of social and economic phenomena; We can study the role of the changes in the score level and overall structure of each group in the total average index.
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1. According to the different nature of the reflected phenomenon, it can be divided into quantitative indicators and quality indicators. Quantitative indicators Quantitative indicators reflect changes in the quantity of production, operation or economic activities, such as commodity sales index; Quality index Quality index is an index that explains the quality change of economic activities, such as product cost index and labor productivity index. According to different calculation forms, it can be divided into comprehensive index and average index. The former refers to the index calculated by comparing two total indicators, and the latter is the deformation of the former.
2. General relative number is the ratio of two related indicators, which can quantitatively reflect the contrast between two related phenomena. There are many kinds of relative numbers, which can be divided into two types according to their manifestations: one is the nominal number, that is, the relative number calculated by comparing two absolute numbers or averages with different properties and connections, which are generally nominal numbers and use more units of measurement. The other is the unknown, which can be expressed by multiples, fractions, coefficients, percentages, thousandths, etc. According to different conditions such as birth rate and death rate. Relative number can be divided into five types according to the nature and function of the indicators compared with each other: dynamic relative number, structural relative number, comparative relative number, intensity relative number and planned completion relative number.