1, adjust the economy

Adjusting economy means that commercial banks adjust the shortage of funds in all aspects of society through their credit intermediary activities, and at the same time realize the adjustment of economic structure, consumption ratio investment and industrial structure under the guidance of the central bank's monetary policy and other national macro policies. In addition, commercial banks can adjust their balance of payments through their financing activities in the international market.

2. Credit generation

On the basis of credit intermediary function and payment intermediary function, commercial banks have produced credit creation function.

Therefore, commercial banks can absorb all kinds of deposit banks and issue loans with all kinds of deposits absorbed. On the basis of cheque circulation and transfer settlement, loans are derived into deposits. On the basis of not withdrawing cash from such deposits or withdrawing cash completely, increase the sources of funds for commercial banks. Finally, in the whole banking system, derivative deposits several times the original deposits are formed.

3. Credit intermediary

The essence of this function is to concentrate all kinds of idle money in the society in the bank through the debt business of the bank, and then invest it in various economic sectors through the asset business; As the intermediary or representative of both borrowers and lenders of monetary funds, commercial banks realize the financing and obtain interest income from the difference between the cost of absorbing funds and the interest income of loans and investment income, thus forming bank profits.

4. Payment intermediary

Commercial banks not only act as credit intermediaries and finance monetary funds, but also perform monetary management functions. Through the transfer of deposits in the account, you can pay on behalf of customers, pay cash for customers on the basis of deposits, and become the currency keeper, cashier and payment agent of industrial and commercial enterprises, groups and individuals.

5. Financial services

By developing financial business, commercial banks further promote the expansion of asset-liability business, combine asset-liability business with financial services, and open up new business areas. In modern economic life, financial services have become an important function of commercial banks.

Extended data

First, the main types of commercial banks in China

Six large state-owned commercial banks, specifically: China Industrial and Commercial Bank, China Agricultural Bank, China Bank, China Construction Bank, China Postal Savings Bank and Bank of Communications.

65,438+02 national joint-stock commercial banks, specifically: China Merchants Bank, Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, China CITIC Bank, China Everbright Bank, Huaxia Bank, Minsheng Bank, China Guangfa Bank, Industrial Bank, Ping An Bank, hengfeng bank, Zheshang Bank and Bohai Bank.

In addition, as of 20 19, there are 34 city commercial banks 134 rural commercial banks, and many more are under construction. All rural cooperative banks should be restructured into rural commercial banks.

II. Main business models of commercial banks:

1, Yingmo

Commercial banks mainly finance short-term commercial funds and have the characteristics of short loan period and high liquidity. That is, borrowing deposits at a lower interest rate and lending them at a higher interest rate. The deposit-loan spread is the main profit of commercial banks. This business model is relatively safe and reliable for banks.

2. German model

The business of German model commercial banks is comprehensive. Commercial banks not only finance short-term commercial funds, but also finance long-term fixed capital, that is, engage in investment banking business.

3. Independent business model

China implements a separate business model. On August 29th, 20 15, the 16th meeting of the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) deliberated and adopted the "Draft Amendment to the Commercial Bank Law of People's Republic of China (PRC)", which will be implemented on June 30th, 20 15.

The amendment made two changes to the original People's Republic of China (PRC) Commercial Bank Law: First, the second item of the first paragraph of Article 39 was deleted; The second is to delete the "loan-to-deposit ratio case" in Item 3 of Article 75. Especially for the second time, the provision that the ratio of loan balance to deposit balance should not exceed 75% was deleted, and the loan-to-deposit ratio was changed from the statutory supervision index to the liquidity monitoring index.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Commercial Bank