Abstract: With the development of society, the scientific level and economic level of China are constantly improving, and the speed of business development is also accelerating. The rapid rise of e-commerce has also had a great impact on international trade. E-commerce has deepened the international division of labor and changed the negotiation mode, contract formulation and contract performance mode of international trade. At the same time, the information transmission speed of international trade is accelerating, while the transaction cost of international trade is decreasing.
Keywords: e-commerce environment; International trade; Innovation strategy
Since 1990s, China's information technology has made great progress. At the same time, e-commerce has developed rapidly and the existing pattern of market economy has also been changed. Internet trade has been greatly applied in international trade, changing the operation mode of international trade and promoting the development of international trade. China's current economic system is in the environment of e-commerce. In order to adapt to this environment, the relevant departments of our country should actively study and formulate laws and regulations related to e-commerce and actively participate in international exchanges and international cooperation activities. Measures should be taken to promote the continuous improvement of electronic payment system, lay a foundation for the modernization and informatization of logistics system, speed up the construction of information infrastructure, and actively carry out research and development of key technologies of e-commerce. In addition, foreign trade enterprises should actively take measures to improve the uneven level of e-commerce and low utilization rate, and give full play to the advantages of e-commerce in international trade.
1 e-commerce overview
As a new business model, e-commerce has been popularized all over the world and has been reflected in people's lives. Countries and scholars all over the world have different understandings of the concept of e-commerce, and also give different expressions. According to the survey, there are three ways to realize e-commerce: EDI, Internet and Intranet. According to different objects of e-commerce, TV commerce can be divided into three different levels: (1) e-commerce level between consumers and enterprises; (2) the level of e-commerce among enterprises; (3) the level of e-commerce within the enterprise. According to the survey, EOI and IC have become the dominant mode of e-commerce in some developed countries.
2 the role of applying e-commerce in international trade
2. 1 Easy to find trading partners.
For their own development, foreign trade enterprises often have to conduct international trade business, so they need to choose suitable trading partners. The development of e-commerce can provide convenience for foreign trade enterprises to choose trading partners. Low cost is one of the main advantages of e-commerce. Foreign trade enterprises can choose their own trading partners through e-commerce, which reduces the cost to a certain extent compared with the traditional way, and e-commerce is basically not limited by time and space, which can greatly increase the smoothness of information to a certain extent, thus greatly increasing the efficiency of trade exchange.
2.2 to promote business negotiations
Trade consultation and negotiation are the basis of international trade business. Traditional business negotiation activities require both parties to choose a certain place, which is largely limited by time and place and has high communication cost. When conducting e-commerce, both parties can communicate by e-mail, which greatly reduces the cost of business negotiation and improves the efficiency of negotiation.
2.3 facilitate international trade ordering and payment.
In today's prevailing e-commerce environment, sellers can freely publish supply and demand information within the scope permitted by law, and buyers can also freely search online for business information. Once a buyer finds a suitable purchase item, he can place an order through online payment and interact with the merchant, which greatly simplifies the commodity trading link and provides a guarantee for the smooth trading activities.
3 innovative ways of international trade under the background of e-commerce
3. 1 can strengthen the global production pattern of multinational companies.
First of all, the development of e-commerce by multinational companies can simplify the procurement of production materials to a certain extent, enable employees to rationally allocate the funds and personnel needed for the company's production, give full play to the advantages of multinational companies in production skills, production resources and production personnel, and ensure the effective international division of labor of multinational companies. Multinational companies can also organize the production of products according to the specific conditions of orders through e-commerce, and reduce the inventory of products as much as possible, so as to actively carry out the production layout of multinational companies. Secondly, in the development of e-commerce, we should clarify the division of labor of multinational companies, so that companies can carry out more detailed division of labor, greatly improve the speed of international product flow, and lay the foundation for the development of international trade activities. The development of e-commerce by enterprises can also promote the development of e-cooperation to some extent. E-commerce is less limited by time and space, and enterprises can complete cooperation and exchange activities only through the Internet, thus promoting the development of international trade.
3.2 Preparation for Innovative International Trade
Under the traditional international trade mode, the staff must conduct pre-market research, timely release the import and export information of commodities, actively analyze the international market research situation, analyze the feasibility of international trade, and make relevant international trade plans by using professional knowledge. In the e-commerce environment, enterprises can analyze the market environment with the help of Internet technology, and can effectively grasp the market dynamics and the specific situation of customers. Compared with traditional methods, e-commerce takes less time and is more efficient.
3.3 Innovative forms of trade
E-commerce has become the economic environment of China. In order to adapt to the development of the times and seek the long-term healthy development of their own enterprises, international trade enterprises must change their thinking in time, dare to innovate trade methods and fully consider the advantages brought by e-commerce. The author believes that the innovation of trade forms should mainly start from the following two aspects. First of all, enterprises should take advantage of e-commerce to integrate and transform national trade links, eliminate unnecessary trade links and ensure the efficiency of international trade. Secondly, take measures to improve the depth of e-commerce in international trade, actively carry out international exchanges and cooperation, actively integrate into the economic trend of economic globalization, and actively seek more and better development opportunities in contact and integration.
3.4 Macro management innovation
International trade needs to be carried out between enterprises in different countries, and this kind of economic behavior needs to be restricted by laws and policies of many countries, which requires enterprise managers to have a higher management level, and the development level of e-commerce is constantly improving, which has brought great impact to the management model of international trade. In order to ensure the quality of international trade, staff should take measures to carry out macro management. The author thinks that we should do a good job in macro-management innovation from the following aspects: First, we should take measures to give full play to the advantages of e-commerce in international trade management, ensure the openness and transparency of international trade management information of enterprises, and lay the foundation for a good international trade environment. Secondly, measures should be taken to reform and innovate the bidding work, which can be realized by adopting electronic bidding. In order to adapt to the international trade order, enterprises should take measures to continuously improve the quota utilization rate and prevent the negative impact on enterprises due to diplomatic problems.
3.5 Innovative marketing methods
The influence of e-commerce on international trade is particularly prominent in marketing, which is also the difference between traditional trade methods and e-commerce. The innovation of the influence of e-commerce on international trade is mainly manifested in the following aspects.
(1) Innovative marketing concept
When carrying out international trade marketing activities, staff should take professional measures to develop marketing concepts such as integrated marketing, target marketing, online and offline interactive marketing, and actively use these marketing methods in practical work.
(2) Innovative marketing methods
Under the environment of e-commerce, international trade staff should take measures to actively play the role of network in marketing and actively use various modern multimedia means to publicize their own products. In the process of marketing, enterprises should take measures to continuously promote communication and interaction between themselves and customers, and even interact with competitors, so that more people can participate in marketing activities in an interactive way, provide better services to customers and ensure that customers can have a more perfect shopping experience.
(3) Innovative modes of transportation
In the e-commerce environment, international trade activities are becoming more and more prosperous and frequent, which also puts forward higher requirements for the mode of transportation. The traditional mode of transportation can no longer meet the requirements of international trade in e-commerce environment. In the future development of international trade, staff should take professional measures, constantly reform and innovate the transportation mode and logistics system, form a complete transportation system, ensure the close relationship between warehousing, transportation and logistics, and make it develop better in the e-commerce environment. Internet integration is the main management mode of international trade in today's e-commerce environment. Using Internet for management can improve transportation efficiency and reduce inventory cost. However, in the later development of international trade, staff still need to take measures to reform and innovate the mode of transportation, mainly to improve the speed and efficiency of logistics transportation, so as to lay the foundation for timely and safe delivery of products to customers.
3.6 Export commodity quotas shall be subject to electronic bidding.
What we call electronic bidding is to use modern electronic information technology to carry out bidding and purchasing activities, constantly promote the standardization of bidding and purchasing activities, ensure the scientificity and professionalism of bidding and purchasing work, and then promote the healthy development of the national economy. China joined the WTO on 200 1. In order to cope with the impact of this activity, the Ministry of Commerce of China actively took measures to develop and establish the China International Bidding Network. The establishment of China International Bidding Network marks the great progress of bidding in China and promotes the development of international trade industry to some extent. Electronic bidding can help China Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Administration to determine the bidding qualification of enterprises in time, and staff can check, track, feedback and adjust the quota of bidding goods in time. Investment enterprises can send quota documents to local foreign economic and trade commissions through the network every month, and the foreign economic and trade commissions will summarize the monthly quotas and report them to the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation. This has realized the dynamic management mechanism of foreign trade and economic cooperation management, and further solved the problems of low utilization rate and waste of quotas. Relevant departments can also investigate various behaviors of enterprises through online surveys. Once an enterprise is found to have violated the rules, it can adopt standard procedures to cancel its bidding qualification, provide technical support for bidding activities, continuously improve the utilization rate of quotas, increase the selling price and export volume of commodities, standardize the trade order and purify the business environment, which requires relevant departments to continuously expand the scope of electronic bidding.
3.7 Realize online application and license issuance.
With the progress of science and technology, China's Internet technology is becoming more and more mature. In order to realize the networking of import and export license application and issuance, the relevant departments of our country established a new import and export license management system in 2002, which can achieve the effect of issuing licenses online. The relevant departments decided to officially use the online application license system nationwide from June 65438+1 October12003. With the help of network technology, the system connects quota management organs, licensing units, customs, enterprises and other departments at all levels, comprehensively supervises international trade links such as import and export quota allocation, online application and issuance of import and export licenses, and customs verification, and forms a closed network for import and export quota license management nationwide. Realizing online application and license issuance can reduce unnecessary links, thus saving time and improving efficiency.
3.8 the use of e-commerce in customs management
From 1 September, 19981day, China Customs General Administration began to realize the online audit function with the help of China Telecom's public multimedia network. This network involves various foreign exchange administrations and designated foreign exchange banks in China, covering a wide range, and it is no longer necessary to manually check the customs declaration twice. Applying e-commerce to customs management can promote the import and export business of enterprises while improving management efficiency, provide great convenience for enterprises and effectively prevent enterprises from evading taxes.
3.9 Application of E-commerce in Import and Export Inspection
Import and export inspection plays an increasingly important role in international trade activities, which is closely related to many companies and departments such as foreign trade business units, transportation departments, banks, insurance, export commodity production enterprises and other inspection institutions. In the import and export inspection work, certificate exchange and traditional behavior will be carried out frequently. According to the investigation, China has realized the computer management of commodity inspection business. The author believes that the future e-commerce in China should mainly be carried out in the following two directions: focusing on the inspection and issuance of commodity inspection certificates; Realize the information transmission of import and export goods flow direction.
4. Innovation of international trade operation mechanism under e-commerce
In recent years, the improvement of science and technology has provided technical conditions for the development of e-commerce. Under this background, the online virtual market is replacing the traditional international trade operation mechanism with its unique advantages, which will promote the process of world economic integration with information network as the link, and the development of e-commerce will certainly promote the innovation of international trade.
4. 1 electronic company, a new form of enterprise organization
In this environment, electronic companies can realize the organic combination of Internet and enterprise management. Enterprises can enter the market through the Internet and conduct business dialogue through online communication. International trade enterprises can obtain business information through their own electronic companies and communicate with customers dynamically and in real time, thus promoting the efficiency of international trade. In the process of production and development, electronic companies will have an impact on the reform activities of international trade management organizations, and at the same time, they can quickly cause changes in global business activities.
4.2 Promote the reform and innovation of international trade management organizations.
In traditional international trade activities, the labor force plays an important role, such as the working conditions, financial and material conditions of various departments. However, if there are errors, it is difficult for employees to accurately grasp the accurate data of the company's activities, which makes it difficult for employees to negotiate with other companies. By using e-commerce, the internal data of an enterprise can be automatically and accurately summarized, and these summarized data will be reflected in the internal database of the company, which is helpful for the leadership of the enterprise to make decisions.
5 the application of e-commerce in international trade
The application of EDI in the field of international trade is the initial form of innovation in the environment of international trade e-commerce. Enterprises engaged in ethnic trade can use the Internet to transmit business documents and complete data transmission and exchange in accordance with standard electronic data formats. The application of e-commerce can minimize the data circulation time of the operating system, and to some extent, it can eliminate the space barrier. EDI plays an important role in the transmission of foreign trade export documents. Compared with the traditional order payment method, e-commerce can reduce the time and investment cost of enterprises. Under normal circumstances, EDI uses a closed private network, which is in good business condition and can ensure the safety of enterprises.
6 conclusion
The wide application of e-commerce is bound to trigger an innovative revolution in international trade. In this innovation revolution, there will be some innovations in the process of trade preparation, trade negotiation, contract conclusion and contract execution. These activities are all caused by the huge benefits brought by e-commerce to the majority of enterprises. However, e-commerce has brought great challenges and opportunities to international trade. International trade enterprises should take measures to carry out relevant work, so as to win the initiative in the e-commerce environment and achieve sustained and healthy development.
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Fan Wener: International Trade Logistics Innovation under Risk Management [Abstract] Economic globalization has accelerated international trade cooperation and promoted the development of international trade logistics. Logistics enterprises constantly innovate, improve service level and quality, and enhance competitiveness, but this also leads to the existence of various risks and hinders the healthy development of logistics enterprises. Therefore, this paper analyzes the risks existing in China's international trade logistics and puts forward effective risk avoidance measures.
[Keywords:] risk management; International trade logistics; Innovative application
1 international trade logistics
1. 1 the meaning of international trade logistics
Generally speaking, international trade logistics is the circulation of international goods and services between countries, mainly including import trade and export trade, so it is also called import and export trade.
1.2 Basic characteristics of international trade logistics
First, the transportation capacity is high. International trade is a transnational transaction, involving a wide range of regions. International logistics is the basic means and guarantee of international trade transactions. Advanced technology and equipment are needed to ensure the safety of import and export commodities. At the same time, high transportation capacity is needed to speed up commodity turnover and continuously improve the efficiency of international logistics services. The second is a high degree of informationization. International logistics successfully completes transactions mainly through close cooperation and coordination between countries. The saving and control of cost and expenses and the safe transportation of goods are the key issues that logistics companies pay attention to, so a strong information system and its information transparency are of great significance for logistics process control. Third, the degree of standardization is high. International trade logistics involves many countries, and the standards formulated by different countries are inconsistent, so it is necessary to unify the international logistics standards for cargo transportation, warehousing and distribution. At present, the specifications and bar code technology of containers and pallets have been unified internationally, which can save the expenses of logistics companies on the one hand, and improve the overall operation efficiency of international trade logistics on the other hand, and enhance the international competitiveness of enterprises.
2 China international trade logistics risk analysis
2. 1 Logistics cost risk
The safety and cost of goods in transportation have always been an important part of logistics enterprises. It can be said that the higher the logistics cost, the higher the risk of the logistics company. According to the statistics of relevant departments, the logistics cost of general industrial products in China now accounts for about 50% of the total selling price, and the logistics cost of agricultural and sideline products such as vegetables and fruits accounts for about 70% of the total selling price. The control effect of enterprise logistics risk system is closely related to enterprise profit. The higher the cost, the higher the risk and the less the profit. Therefore, only by greatly reducing the operating cost of China's trade logistics can we continuously improve the international competitiveness of China's logistics enterprises.
2.2 Cost control risk
International logistics costs mainly include inventory costs and transportation costs. Inventory cost mainly involves the inventory and storage of goods, specifically warehousing, insurance, goods damage, taxes and the capital cost of inventory goods. Transportation expenses mainly include transportation expenses and owner's expenses. Transportation expenses are mainly generated by roads, railways, aviation and sea transportation, and the owner's expenses mainly refer to the handling expenses in the process of commodity transportation. Whether the expenses are obtained in time and whether the funds are recovered in time will cause potential risks to the enterprise. The payment procedure and negotiation details of these expenses will directly affect the logistics cost, and then affect the development of enterprises.
2.3 Service Reverse Risk
Service quality and reputation are the fundamental guarantee for the survival of logistics enterprises. If the service can't meet the requirements of users, the enterprise will be greatly damaged. First, in the face of the rapid development of information technology, many developed countries use advanced logistics technology, while China generally stays in POS machines and bar code technology. Second, the business philosophy of some businesses in international trade lags behind modern management, failing to keep pace with the times and taking the interests of customers as the fundamental starting point. Thirdly, there is no unified and transparent industrial policy system in China's current logistics industry, and there are few qualified talents and low quality employees.
3 International trade logistics innovation measures under risk management
3. 1 Accelerate the construction of international logistics infrastructure in China.
Goods cannot flow quickly and safely in other countries, which has become the biggest "bottleneck" of international trade. Therefore, China should strengthen the construction of logistics infrastructure, which is the basic guarantee to promote the development of China's international trade and trade logistics. First of all, our government should increase investment in trade logistics, actively guide and plan enterprises to build logistics infrastructure, introduce a unified and transparent industrial policy system as soon as possible, and accelerate the pace of integration with the international logistics industry. Secondly, increase cooperation with Industry-University-Research, make full use of the research technology and achievements in logistics where the research institute is located, and comprehensively improve the technical, operational, management and service capabilities of logistics enterprises. Finally, a high-quality logistics talent management team is the key factor to prevent logistics risks. Therefore, only by continuously strengthening the training of employees of on-the-job logistics enterprises and attracting and retaining senior talents can enterprises promote the healthy and rapid development of international logistics.
3.2 Accelerate the standardization and informatization development of international logistics in China.
China's international trade logistics industry can't keep up with the pace of international development, and the important reason lies in the lack of corresponding technical standards. Therefore, it is necessary to standardize the logistics infrastructure, technical equipment, management process and information network technology of international trade logistics enterprises. For example, radio frequency identification technology has greatly improved the efficiency of international logistics. With the advent of the information age, modern international logistics industry generally adopts information network system for management. For example, all logistics information can be entered into the internal network database of enterprises, and the information network management system can track, analyze and coordinate the data in time, and online demand registration and payment can be carried out through the Internet, which can reduce the risk of logistics enterprises in China.
3.3 Accelerate the innovative application of e-commerce technology
International trade enterprises face customers scattered all over the world, and their needs are also diverse, which increases the difficulty of logistics cost control. Therefore, the traditional characteristics of large quantities of goods can no longer become the important competitiveness of enterprises, and enterprises must reshape their value orientation to improve service quality as their core competitiveness. Nowadays, enterprises generally adopt B2B and B2C operation modes. Logistics enterprises should respond in time, reconstruct business processes according to order requirements, innovate supply chain management, focus on reducing the time of order processing and delivery, speed up the withdrawal of funds and improve work efficiency.
4 conclusion
The arrival of the information age and the popularity of the Internet have accelerated international trade cooperation. Facing the problems existing in the development of China's international trade logistics industry, we must improve the circulation efficiency of China's international trade and minimize the risk management of logistics enterprises.
Main references
Zhang Yan. How can international logistics innovatively promote the development of international trade in China [J]. Corporate Culture, 20 15(2).
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