Coptis chinensis as the saying goes, "Dumb people eat Coptis chinensis-they can't tell if there is bitterness", which describes the taste of Coptis chinensis as extremely bitter, and there is a saying that "good medicine tastes bitter and is good for disease", which shows that bitter medicine has great medicinal value. Coptis chinensis has the functions of clearing away heat and dampness, purging fire and detoxifying because of its bitter taste. It has high medicinal value and wide application. It is one of the commonly used varieties of traditional Chinese medicine, and it is also one of the main Chinese herbal medicines to earn foreign exchange through export. It is an important raw material of Chinese patent medicine. According to the statistics of the National Catalogue of Chinese Patent Medicines, there are Huanglian Shangqing Pills, Compound Berberine Tablets, Jiawei Xianglian Pills, etc. 108. With the development of the international upsurge in the application of natural drugs, the export volume of Coptis chinensis has further increased. The price of Rhizoma Coptidis has been in a downward trend since it rose to the "sky-high price" of 270 yuan per kilogram in 2000, and recently it has reached the lowest point in recent years, with only 43 yuan per kilogram. A few days ago, it was the new delivery period of Coptis chinensis. Why is there such a market situation, and is there a turning point in its market outlook? What is the impact of falling prices on farmers' income and improving the planting level of Coptis chinensis? According to Li Deming, a Hebei Anguo drug dealer who distributes Rhizoma Coptidis all the year round, Rhizoma Coptidis is one of the most commonly used Chinese herbal medicines, and the normal annual demand of Rhizoma Coptidis in China is about 6.5438+0.8 million kg. At the same time, this product is also one of the main Chinese herbal medicines exported to China, and the price change is mainly affected by planting area and human factors. In the planned economy period of 1960s and 1970s, the supply and demand of Coptis chinensis were basically balanced, and the price was relatively stable. In 1980s, the market of medicinal materials was gradually liberalized, and the price of Coptis chinensis, which has been in short supply, rose steadily, from 30 yuan in 1970 to 40 yuan. At this time, it is the primary stage of implementing the land contract responsibility system in rural areas. Farmers in producing areas saw that planting Coptis chinensis was more beneficial and developed planting one after another. The planting area of Coptis chinensis has been expanding, and the output has also increased with the increase of the area. At that time, because it was in the heyday, with the establishment of large and small pharmaceutical factories, the increase of market operators and the pull of exports, the consumption of Coptis chinensis increased, so the price did not fall but rose. 1985~ 1986, the price of this product rose to 60~70 yuan, which greatly mobilized farmers' planting enthusiasm. Farmers in the main producing areas continue to expand the planting area, and so do the secondary producing areas. A recent statistical data of Lichuan Food and Drug Administration showed the price trend of Coptis chinensis: 1989, blind development of Coptis chinensis began to be listed in large quantities. Due to the serious oversupply, the price keeps falling, from 50~70 yuan to 40~50 yuan, 30~40 yuan and 20~30 yuan; In the early 1990s, the trend of coptis chinensis with a large quantity of goods was even worse, and the price fell again. At the lowest time, the origin price once fell to 16~ 18 yuan, and the market price was 18~20 yuan, and then rebounded to 22~26 yuan. The low price has been maintained until 1998, and gradually rose to 50~55 yuan, and the walking gradually turned smooth. Due to the low prices in successive years, farmers have suffered serious losses in planting, and they have switched to other crops one after another. The land area of Coptis chinensis is already very small; 1999, the market of this product continues to be optimistic, and the price quickly rises to 80~85 yuan; In 2000, influenced by market factors, the price of this product rose sharply, reaching 260~270 yuan in July. Because the price increase was too large, it was unacceptable to the demanders, and it soon dropped to around 200 yuan. With the continuous increase in the price of Coptis chinensis, the producing areas began to grow and develop in a large area. 200 1, part of the supply is listed, so the price drops. The general market price is between 150- 180 yuan, which is fairly smooth. In 2002, compared with 200 1, the number of listed commodities increased. After the new goods came on the market, the price began to fall again. The general market price was between 120- 140 yuan, then it rebounded to 170~ 180 yuan due to human factors, and finally fell to 65,438 yuan. In the first half of 2003, affected by SARS, several major domestic drug markets once rose above 200 yuan per kilogram, and the quantity of new products of this product continued to increase. Due to human factors, the price has not dropped, and the market price is mostly between 1.20- 1.50 yuan, which is still running smoothly. In 2004, most drug dealers thought that this year would be a high-yield year for Coptis chinensis, and drug dealers and drug addicts in the market would buy and sell with each passing day, and dare not blindly absorb a large number of goods. In addition, the state requires pharmaceutical manufacturers that have not passed GMP certification to stop production before June 30. The price of Coptis chinensis in Lichuan and Shizhu decreased from 100 yuan before May 2004 to near 50 yuan now, with a decrease of 50%, which was 37.5% compared with the same period last year. According to the perennial market situation and sales law, Coptis chinensis also has periodic changes within one year. It is obvious from the change curve that there are two peak lines and valley lines. 1-February is the time for pharmaceutical companies to purchase a large number of materials, and June-July is not the season for Coptis chinensis to start mining. Due to the lack of funds and materials, production enterprises need to purchase a batch of materials, resulting in two sales peaks. April-June when Coptis chinensis was listed in large quantities and the mining period 10- 12 were the low points of sales. At present, it is the time when Coptis chinensis is listed in large quantities, and the price drop of Coptis chinensis conforms to the market law. The reason of price fluctuation is that Lichuan Coptis has a long history of production. The high mountain, two high mountains and towns suitable for planting Coptis chinensis account for 7 1.4% of the towns in the city. Superior climatic conditions, the great attention of party committees and governments at all levels, and the rebound in the market price of Coptis chinensis have made the production of Coptis chinensis in Lichuan an unprecedented gratifying situation. In 2003, the area of Coptis chinensis was 67,000 mu, and the excavated area was 26 1 19 mu. The output reached 222 1. 16 tons, and the output value reached 2165,733,300 yuan, accounting for/kloc of the output value of rural animal husbandry and fishery in the city. The reserved area of Shizhu Huanglian in Chongqing has also reached 40,000 mu. Coptis chinensis produced in Lichuan and Shizhu accounts for more than 80% of the national output, of which Lichuan and Shizhu each account for 40%. Wang Ying Coptis Trading Market is the second largest Coptis marketing market in China, with resident merchants from Antong, Bozhou, Zhejiang, Chongqing, Chengdu and other parts of the country, mainly engaged in real estate Coptis trading and the purchase and sale of Chinese herbal medicines. Since the opening of the center, the daily trading volume of the market is about 500,000 yuan, and the monthly trading volume of Coptis chinensis is as high as 120 tons. The price of Huanglian in Lichuan and Shizhu has become a "barometer" of the national Huanglian market. By analyzing the price changes and trends of Rhizoma Coptidis in recent years, it can be seen that the price of Rhizoma Coptidis began to rise from 1998, but before 1998, the price of Rhizoma Coptidis was also at a low level for many years, and the price of 20-30 yuan was far below the cost price, and it was bound to fall after reaching "sky-high price" in 2000. The main reasons for the price reduction of Coptis chinensis are as follows: First, the market downturn has led to a decline in trading volume. The main reason for the lower production price of Coptis chinensis is that many factories that can not meet GMP production have been closed all over the country, which has blocked the export of Coptis chinensis. According to the latest statistics of the State Administration of Pharmaceutical Products, by the end of August, the State Administration of Pharmaceutical Products had issued 1700 "GMP certificates" to 1300 of the more than 6,000 pharmaceutical enterprises in China, and less than 25% of the enterprises in China passed GMP certification. A total of 3,328 enterprises have reported the GMP rectification plan to the local food and drug administration, some of which have started to implement the GMP rectification plan, while the rest have not yet started to implement it for various reasons. 80% of these enterprises are Chinese patent medicine manufacturers. According to Lichuan Xianglian Pharmaceutical Company, which has just passed GMP certification, it used to purchase about 100 tons of Rhizoma Coptidis every year, and only started production this year. Shientang Pharmaceutical Company has just resumed production. According to the Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export, the main problems in the export of traditional Chinese medicine are: excessive dependence on the Asian market, accounting for 65.7438+0%; It is difficult to export Chinese patent medicine, and at present it can only be registered as Chinese medicine in Japan, Singapore, Australia, Thailand and other countries. Poor exports have also affected the coptis market. Second, the beginning of new production, the listing of new goods has a certain impact on the market. According to the survey, the number of coptis in each market in Wang Ying Huanglian Trading Center is about 20 tons, while the number of coptis sold in Anguo, Bozhou and other 12 markets is always about 8~ 10 tons. Judging from Huangshui in China and Huanglian in Wang Ying, the number of Huanglian flooding into the market this year is twice that of the same period last year, resulting in short-term overproduction. In addition, drug farmers are worried that their own interests will be damaged, causing farmers to panic, and the phenomenon of exceeding the limit for less than one year is serious. Zhang Shunxiang, a farmer from Baiyangtang Village, Wang Ying Town, told reporters: "When the price was only over 50 yuan this year, every household scrambled to get up (dig). At this time last year, more than 80 pieces had not been sold. The higher the price, the less they want to dig. The more they want to dig, the more painful it is to dig! We are just afraid that the price will fall again. As long as it is not lower than 40 yuan, both farmers and large growers are worth selling. " At present, Lichuan and Shizhu Huanglian have dug at least 1000 mu, which is less than one third now. Third, the price of Coptis chinensis itself is still higher than its cost price. Objectively, there is room for decline. Mou Laiming, director of the US Food and Drug Administration in Lichuan, said: "The cost price of one kilogram of Rhizoma Coptidis is generally 20-40 yuan. It is a bit unacceptable for businesses and enterprises to sell more than 80 yuan. The reasonable price should be 50-70 yuan, just like the history of selling in 270 yuan will never be there. It is too partial and it is necessary to reduce the price. " Fourth, the quality of Lichuan Huanglian is not good, so it will not sell at a good price. Zhou, general manager of Matt Pharmaceutical Company, told the reporter that 85% of Coptis chinensis sold in the market is only three years old, and the quality is not up. Not long ago, the provincial import and export company placed an order for 1 ton from Matt Pharmaceutical Company, and our materials can only be purchased from Shizhu, Chongqing. Coptis chinensis in Lichuan has small branches, heavy sediment and high humidity, which does not meet the requirements. After this order is completed, the unit price per kilogram can also reach 150 yuan. Bozhou businessman Zhan said: "Coptis chinensis in Lichuan is generally only three years old." In order to catch up with the market, farmers harvest ahead of time. Because the planting period is short, the cost is low and the asking price is much lower. Some drug dealers and manufacturers have made this part of early-maturing coptis have a market for different purposes, which has led to confusion in the entire coptis market. "