Climate change has become the focus of global attention, and countries have taken measures to reduce carbon emissions in order to meet the challenges of global warming and climate change. As an important tool to mitigate climate change, the EU carbon emissions trading system plays an important role in Europe. This paper will introduce the operation principle, steps and achievements of the EU carbon emissions trading system, and discuss its enlightenment and influence on a global scale.

First, the operation principle of the EU carbon emissions trading system

The EU carbon emissions trading system is a market mechanism established by the EU to achieve the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Its basic principle is to reduce carbon emissions by limiting and trading carbon dioxide emissions. Specifically, the EU divides the total carbon emissions into a certain number of emission quotas, and each participant needs to hold a corresponding number of emission quotas to cover its carbon emissions. If a participant's emissions exceed his emission quota, he needs to buy additional quotas; On the other hand, if a participant's emission is lower than his emission quota, he can sell the surplus quota to other participants.

Second, the operation steps of the EU carbon emissions trading system

The operation steps of EU carbon emissions trading system include quota allocation, trading and monitoring.

1. Quota allocation: The EU allocates total emission quotas to all participants, and the allocation principles include historical emissions, industrial characteristics and national economic development. The purpose of quota allocation is to ensure that participants have enough quotas to cover their emissions.

2. Trading: Participants can buy and sell quotas in the carbon market. Transactions can be conducted by auction, direct negotiation or brokerage institutions. The purpose of the transaction is to realize the flexible allocation of carbon quotas and let the emitters adjust according to their own conditions.

3. Monitoring: In order to ensure the transparency and traceability of transactions, the EU monitors and verifies the emissions of participants. Participants need to report their emissions regularly and be reviewed by regulators. The purpose of monitoring is to ensure that participants comply with carbon emission limits and provide accurate data for transactions.

Three. Achievements of EU Carbon Emissions Trading System

Since the EU carbon emissions trading system was launched in 2005, it has achieved remarkable results. First, the total carbon emissions have been effectively controlled. The data shows that from 2005 to 20 19, the carbon emissions of the EU decreased by about 35%. Secondly, the carbon market is relatively stable, and the trading volume and price are kept within a reasonable range. In addition, the EU carbon emissions trading system has also promoted the development of low-carbon technologies and clean energy, and promoted the economic transformation and sustainable development of Europe.

4. Enlightenment and influence of EU carbon emissions trading system

The successful experience of EU carbon emissions trading system has important enlightenment and influence on global climate change mitigation. First of all, the establishment and operation of the carbon market can provide effective emission reduction mechanisms for countries and promote the reduction of carbon emissions. Secondly, the carbon emissions trading system can encourage enterprises and institutions to take more measures to reduce emissions and promote the innovation and application of low-carbon technologies. Finally, the carbon emissions trading system can also provide new opportunities for economic development and promote the development of green economy.