(Oil and Gas Resources Strategic Research Center of Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing, 100035)
Oil and gas resources are important energy minerals and strategic materials, which have a special position and important influence in the world economy and international relations. Since the 1960s, the proportion of oil in the world's primary energy consumption structure has reached more than 40%, and it has become the main energy and driving force for modern industry and economic growth. It is believed that in 2 1 century, natural gas will gradually approach and replace oil as the first energy source. Since the two global oil crises in 1970s, major oil importing countries in the world have successively established oil reserve systems, and since then, the exploration and research on oil policy and energy strategy have been strengthened. 2/kloc-0 Since the beginning of the century, the international crude oil price has been rising continuously, and the competition for oil and gas resources among countries has entered a white-hot state. Since 1993, China has become a net importer of oil, the import volume has increased year by year, the contradiction between supply and demand has become increasingly prominent, and the dependence on foreign countries has exceeded 40%. Therefore, it is an urgent and important task to pay attention to oil security, strengthen the research on oil and gas resources policy and actively explore the development strategy of oil and gas resources.
At the Central Economic Work Conference in 2003, General Secretary Hu Jintao emphasized: "We should speed up the formulation of new energy development strategy from the height of strategic overall situation. We must pay equal attention to development and conservation, make use of both domestic and foreign resources, actively promote energy diversification and import diversification, accelerate the establishment of national strategic oil reserves, gradually establish overseas energy production and supply bases, actively develop oil substitute products, and take various effective measures to ensure national energy security. "
China's oil and gas resources development strategy is a comprehensive analysis of a series of problems such as oil and gas resources exploration, development, transportation, processing, storage, trade, chemical industry and consumption, and answers its overall, holistic and long-term principles, policies, strategies and plans, so as to meet the demand of national economic development for oil and gas resources and ensure the safety of oil supply. In recent years, the state has attached great importance to the strategic research on the development of oil and gas resources, organized and carried out the strategic research on the sustainable development of oil and gas resources and the compilation of medium-and long-term energy development plans, established the the State Council Energy Leading Group and the the State Council Energy Office, and put forward the research points in the energy field, laying a solid foundation for systematically, scientifically and timely carrying out the strategic research on the development of oil and gas resources in China.
I. Present situation of oil and gas resources at home and abroad
(A) the status of oil and gas resources in China
The general characteristics of oil and gas resources in China are rich in total amount, average in quality, uneven in distribution, insufficient in per capita and close in oil-gas ratio. According to the preliminary evaluation results, the total recoverable resources of oil and natural gas in China exceed 20 billion tons and 20 trillion cubic meters, and their proven degrees are 33% and 13% respectively. By the end of 2004, the accumulated proven recoverable reserves of petroleum were 6.734 billion tons, of which the remaining recoverable reserves were 2.446 billion tons, ranking 1 1 in the world. The accumulated proven recoverable reserves of natural gas are 2.76 trillion cubic meters, of which the remaining recoverable reserves are 2.37 trillion cubic meters, ranking 14 in the world.
6 16 oil and gas fields have been discovered in 25 provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and sea areas, and 47 oil and gas production bases, including Daqing and Shengli, have been built successively. 1950 The annual output of crude oil is only120,000 tons; Daqing Oilfield 1963 development, domestic crude oil 1965 self-sufficiency; 1978 The annual output of crude oil exceeds1100,000 tons; 1993 became a net oil importer again; In 2004, it produced 654.38+75 million tons of crude oil and 40.8 billion cubic meters of natural gas. By 2004, China had produced 4.3 billion tons of crude oil and 0.6 1 trillion cubic meters of natural gas.
Investment in oil and gas resources exploration is increasing year by year. Since 1992, the total investment in oil and gas exploration in China has been above 100 billion yuan every year, reaching 157 billion yuan in/995, 20 billion yuan in 2000 and 25 billion yuan in 2004. Foreign cooperation in oil and gas resources has achieved fruitful results. Since 1982, China Offshore Oil Corporation has carried out four rounds of bidding and different forms of bilateral negotiations for offshore oil and gas resources cooperation blocks, signed 180 oil contracts with 70 foreign oil companies in18 countries and regions, and introduced more than 100 billion dollars of exploration and development funds. China's onshore oil industry began to open to the outside world in 1985, attracting about 2 billion US dollars of foreign investment. The competitiveness of the world's three major oil companies is constantly increasing. In Fortune magazine's ranking of 200 1, China Petroleum ranked 8 1, with operating income of 414.99 million USD. China Petrochemical ranked 86, with an operating income of US$ 40.388 billion. China ranked 23rd in terms of oil profits, with US$ 504.38 billion. It is one of the most profitable companies in Asia and one of the most profitable companies in developing countries.
Table 1 ranking of fortune magazine in the world since 2000
(b) State of world oil and gas resources
The general characteristics of the world's oil and gas resources are that the total amount of oil and gas resources is rich, the potential is huge, the distribution is uneven, the degree of exploration in sea areas is lower than that in land areas, and the oil-gas ratio is close. With the improvement of people's understanding of underground oil resources, the evaluation results of the world's total oil and gas resources will continue to rise. Among them, the proven remaining oil reserves in the Middle East are 99.9 billion tons, accounting for about 6 1.7% of the world. The remaining proven recoverable reserves of natural gas in the Middle East are 72.83 trillion cubic meters, accounting for 40.6% of the world. According to the data of BP company, by the end of 2004, the global proven remaining recoverable reserves of oil were 1.6 1.90 billion tons, and the proven remaining recoverable reserves of natural gas were 1.79 trillion cubic meters. In 2004, the world crude oil output was 3.868 billion tons, and the natural gas output was 2.69 trillion cubic meters. At present, the reserve-production ratio of oil and natural gas in the world is about 40.5 and 66.7 respectively.
Since 1990s, non-OPEC countries in Latin America, West Africa, the Middle East and China have gradually increased their share of crude oil production. At the same time, the proven reserves of non-OPEC countries have steadily increased, and Africa, especially the Gulf of Guinea, has great resource potential. In recent years, the United States and other western developed countries have increased their oil investment in Africa, and Africa has become another competitive highland in the world energy market, attracting worldwide attention. Africa's oil reserves account for 9.4% of the world total. At the same time, Africa's oil production and export volume have also increased significantly compared with the previous 10 year.
At present, the world is in a transitional period in which natural gas replaces oil as the world's primary energy. The international energy community generally believes that the world's natural gas production and consumption will increase at a high speed in the future. After 2020, the world's natural gas output will surpass coal and oil and become the most important energy source in the world. 2 1 century will be the century of natural gas. At the same time, the future oil demand will show a steady growth trend. The world's medium and long-term oil prices will gradually rise in fluctuations. The main reasons for the rise in international oil prices are: first, the global economic recovery has stimulated the growth of oil demand; The second is that big countries manipulate and use oil prices to limit the economic development speed of developing countries; Third, the influence of speculative factors, a large number of hot money turned to the oil futures market, speculation intensified, leading to high oil prices; The fourth is the influence of unexpected factors. It should be noted that recently, some foreign institutions spread the "China oil threat theory", arguing that the soaring international oil price is mainly caused by the rapid growth of oil demand in China. In fact, although China's oil consumption has increased rapidly in recent two years, its net oil import has increased year by year (97 million tons in 2003 and about 654.38+500 million tons in 2004), but it only accounts for 4% ~ 5% of the total global oil export in the same period. At present, the total annual global oil export trade is 2.3 billion tons, of which the United States imported 665.438 billion tons of oil last year, accounting for 26.5% of the total global oil export. Therefore, in the world oil market, there is no view of China's oil threat theory. In short, in the next 20 years, the growth factors of world oil and gas supply are obviously more than the growth factors of demand, which can meet the market demand on the whole.
Second, the characteristics of the world oil strategy
In the next decade, when alternative energy does not appear, it will still rely on conventional energy. In view of the exploration and development of energy resources, it is predicted that after 20 15 years, the world competition for conventional energy will be more intense. Therefore, all countries have formulated their own energy strategies according to their own economic and social conditions, energy reserves, energy consumption efficiency, future energy demand forecast, environmental conditions and other factors. Looking at the energy strategies of developed and developing countries in the world, the main features are as follows.
(A) the energy strategy of developed countries
(1) Actively explore overseas markets. For example, in the United States, energy consumption accounts for 24.8% of the world's energy consumption, so it vigorously develops overseas strategically. In recent years, energy investment in Asia and Africa has reached 28 billion US dollars; Japan imports 95% of its energy consumption, and actively carries out energy diplomacy to build Siberia into its energy supply base.
(2) Promote the development and utilization of domestic resources. For example, the United States, depending on the international oil market price, appropriately promotes domestic crude oil exploration and development, increases crude oil production, and reduces dependence on imported crude oil; The EU is actively ensuring the stability and security of domestic energy supply, and energy production and consumption meet environmental protection requirements. Germany, which has only coal resources, is actively developing nuclear power and reducing energy imports.
(3) Improve energy efficiency, develop clean fuels, and implement a "carbon tax" policy to control greenhouse gas emissions. For example, the United States has a clean fuel plan; Germany implements underground coal gasification and coal liquefaction; Combustion of coal-liquid mixture in Britain: utilization of Danish coal ash: capture, storage and utilization of greenhouse gases by IEA.
(4) Development and utilization of alternative energy and renewable energy. The United States replaces gasoline with natural gas; Denmark develops wind power generation; British nuclear fuel cycle technology: Norwegian hydropower and other efficient energy systems.
(5) Increase the strategic reserve. After the first energy crisis, the United States began to establish strategic oil reserves, with an initial plan of 654.38 billion tons and an expansion of 340 million tons in 6543+0993.
(2) Energy strategies of developing countries
(1) Strengthen the exploration and development of domestic energy resources.
(2) Increase capital investment in energy industry and strengthen research on energy utilization.
(3) Vigorously carry out energy-saving activities and promote the improvement of energy efficiency by economic means.
(4) Absorb and introduce more capital, technology and equipment, and strengthen international exchanges and cooperation.
(5) Develop new energy and renewable energy, and complete the process of replacing conventional energy with renewable energy as soon as possible.
(6) To implement international conventions with a positive and cautious attitude, we should not only protect the environment, but also develop the economy, gradually shorten the gap with developed countries and strive for equal and common development.
(7) Increase investment in education, strengthen environmental and energy publicity and education, and promote the development of energy conservation and new energy.
In the next few decades, developing countries will still mainly rely on fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas, as well as non-commercial fuels such as firewood, crop straws and animal dung. It is predicted that in the next 20 years, emerging market economies outside the OECD will account for 69% of the global energy consumption growth. To this end, developing countries need to invest $50 billion annually in energy development from now on. Developing countries should not only make full use of limited funds to develop their own economies, but also attach great importance to the impact of economic development on the environment and seek solutions to environmental problems in development.
Third, the basic idea of China's oil and gas resources development strategy
(A) the overall thinking
In order to build a well-off society in an all-round way and the sustained, healthy and rapid development of the national economy, under the guidance of China's overall strategy of energy supply and security, we should firmly grasp and make full use of the important strategic opportunity period in the first 20 years of the 2020+0 century to accelerate the development of China's oil and gas. Oil and gas should adhere to the development direction of paying equal attention to development and conservation, take the road of sustainable development and new industrialization, face the world, fully develop and utilize two domestic and foreign markets and resources, optimize and flexibly allocate oil and gas resources, actively adjust and improve China's energy structure, continuously improve the reliability and safety of oil and gas supply, and establish an emergency system for oil and gas security, so as to protect the environment and ecology, improve people's quality of life and ensure national economic security.
(2) Basic principles
Adhere to the policy of walking on two legs at home and abroad and the policy of simultaneous development of oil and gas. The two-legged policy at home and abroad is to strengthen domestic oil and gas exploration and development, and to accelerate the pace of "going abroad", establish overseas oil and gas production and supply bases, develop various forms of oil and gas trade, and realize diversification of oil and gas sources, import methods and imported varieties.
The principle of simultaneous development of oil and natural gas is to vigorously develop natural gas while strengthening oil development. To speed up the exploration and development of natural gas; It is necessary to speed up the construction of infrastructure such as natural gas pipelines and actively explore the natural gas utilization market; Strive to cultivate the natural gas industry chain into an independent energy pillar industry.
It is necessary to deepen the reform of oil and gas industry, standardize market behavior, introduce competition mechanism, create an environment and conditions for equal competition, form and improve a unified, open and orderly oil and gas market in China, and realize the integration with the international oil market.
Generally speaking, to realize the sustainable development of oil and gas resources in China, we should grasp "three key points" and "three breakthroughs".
Three key points: first, increase domestic supply. The total proven oil and gas resources in China are abundant, but the proven degree is low. It is necessary to strengthen the theoretical study of oil and gas geology, increase investment in oil and gas exploration and improve the technical level of exploration and development. Continue to deepen the exploration of old oil fields in the east, accelerate the exploration and deployment of oil and gas resources in the central and western regions and sea areas, actively promote the rapid development of natural gas resources, continuously strengthen the development, utilization and management of oil and gas resources, and increase the total supply. At the same time, encourage the development of new energy, renewable energy and unconventional alternative resources. The second is to deepen international cooperation. The contradiction between supply and demand of oil and gas resources in China is prominent, and long-term dependence on imports is a foregone conclusion. Actively carry out international cooperation in oil and gas resources, participate in overseas oil and gas exploration and development through various cooperative investment channels, gradually increase the share of overseas oil, steadily open the downstream market, implement multi-source diversified imports, effectively reduce import risks, and achieve the goal of making full use of both international and domestic markets and resources. The third is to actively guide consumption. China's oil security is declining year by year, and its dependence on foreign countries is increasing year by year, so it is urgent to effectively guide consumption. It is necessary to optimize the consumption structure, reasonably guide the consumption pattern, encourage the consumption of energy and resource-saving products, and gradually form a conservation-oriented consumption pattern. It is necessary to levy a fuel tax as soon as possible, establish a futures market for crude oil and refined oil, and realize the transformation from lagging prices of crude oil and refined oil to real-time prices.
Three breakthroughs: First, secure access to overseas oil and gas resources. There is limited room for the growth of domestic oil and gas resources output, and the satisfaction of consumption demand mainly depends on the safety and possibility of import. We should strive to establish a stable oil and gas resource import base and adopt a fast, safe and economical mode of transportation. At the same time, crude oil, refined oil and petroleum products should be obtained in various forms to minimize the import safety risks of oil and gas resources. Second, actively adjust the energy industry structure. Vigorously adjusting the energy industry structure is an important measure to slow down the long-term growth of China's oil and gas resources imports. At present, the world energy consumption has completed the conversion from coal to oil, and is developing in the direction of efficient, clean, low-carbon or carbon-free natural gas, nuclear energy, solar energy and wind energy. However, the characteristics of coal, oil, natural gas and other energy sources in China determine that coal will still be the main primary energy source in China. Therefore, it is suggested to appropriately increase the proportion of nuclear energy and renewable energy, and vigorously develop renewable energy such as hydropower, solar energy and wind energy. At the same time, actively promote the diversified, multi-channel and multi-level development and utilization of energy production. The third is to incorporate energy conservation into the basic national policy. Saving energy and resources, taking the road of high-tech content, good economic benefits, low resource consumption and less environmental pollution, and giving full play to the role of human resources are the inevitable requirements for adhering to and implementing Scientific Outlook on Development. Energy conservation must be incorporated into the basic national policy, which is the only way to implement Scientific Outlook on Development and realize sustainable development.
Four, China oil and gas resources development strategy
strategic goals
1. Target oil-gas ratio 1: 1.
China is rich in natural gas resources. Accelerate the development of natural gas industry, achieve the oil-gas ratio of 1: 1, improve and adjust the energy structure, make full use of clean energy, and further improve the environment of China.
2. The goal of stabilizing oil production for 20 years.
In 2004, China's crude oil output was 65.438+0.75 billion tons, and in the next 20 years, the crude oil output will continue to be stable at 65.438+0.8 billion tons/year.
3. The goal of going out
In 2004, the overseas oil share of China's three major oil companies was more than 20 million tons. In 10 year, the share of overseas oil will reach1.80 ~ 200 million tons.
4. The goal of developing offshore oil exploration
With the rapid economic growth in China, the energy demand gap is getting bigger and bigger. The exploitation of land energy tends to be saturated, and the exploration of marine oil and gas energy has become an inevitable choice for human beings to seek new energy development. Experts believe that the ocean contains more than 70% of the world's oil and gas resources, so it is imperative to speed up the development of marine oil and gas resources, which is a goal of a powerful country. In 5 ~ 10 years, China will become a powerful offshore oil exploration country in the world.
5. Reduce energy consumption targets and save fuel.
At present, China's energy efficiency is only 33%, 20 years behind the developed countries, with a difference of 10 percentage point. The intensity of energy consumption is much higher than the average level of developed countries and the world, about three times that of the United States and 7.2 times that of Japan. China is one of the countries with the highest energy consumption per unit output value in the world.
Among the proven energy reserves in China, coal accounts for 94%, oil accounts for 5.4% and natural gas accounts for 0.6%. This energy resource characteristic of "rich in coal and poor in oil and gas" determines that the pattern of energy production and consumption in China will be difficult to change for a long time. With the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol signed by the parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on February 16 this year, it will definitely have a certain impact on China's energy structure. It is necessary to speed up the pace of saving fuel and levying fuel tax and shorten the gap with developed countries as soon as possible.
(B) China oil and gas resources development strategy
1. Exploration and development strategy of onshore oil resources
Adhere to the policy of "opening up new areas in the east and deep in the west" and promote a new situation in the exploration and development of onshore oil resources.
Relying on new theories, technologies and methods, we will explore new strata and new fields in the old oil areas in the east, increase reserve reserves, continue to focus on Songliao Basin, Bohai Bay Basin and its peripheral basins, focus on new strata and subtle oil and gas reservoirs, and attach importance to the evaluation of petroleum resources in Paleogene in North China and Mesozoic and Cenozoic fault basins in Northeast China. Constantly innovate technology, improve oil recovery, increase the final recoverable reserves, and slow down the decline of production in the east.
Establish a national periodic evaluation system of oil and gas resources, realize five-year periodic evaluation of oil and gas resources and any time evaluation of key areas, and provide authoritative oil and gas resources data through periodic evaluation and key evaluation.
In order to find economic reserves, great basin, such as Songliao, Bohai Bay, Ordos, Junggar, Tarim, Sichuan and Qaidam, will be the main exploration battlefields, so as to further strengthen oil and gas exploration and continuously increase proven reserves. Promote the integration of exploration and development, speed up the capacity construction of new areas, strengthen the comprehensive management of old oil fields, reduce production costs, develop hard-to-use reserves, develop marginal reservoirs and make full use of resources.
2. Exploration and development strategy of oil and gas resources in the sea area
It is necessary to pay equal attention to independent development and foreign cooperation, further enhance the strategic position of oil and gas in the sea area, make the sea area a key area for increasing reserves and production in China, vigorously increase the proportion of oil and gas in the sea area, and create a new situation in the exploration and development of oil and gas resources in the sea area.
Strengthen the basic investigation and evaluation of sea areas to provide a basic basis for the delimitation of sea areas; Through political, diplomatic and military means, we will adopt flexible cooperation policies to attract foreign oil companies, promote the exploration and development of the southern South China Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, and safeguard the national maritime rights and interests.
Integrate existing forces, build an independent, large-scale and technologically advanced offshore oil exploration and development team, create conditions for the exploration and development of China's territorial waters, and lay the foundation for the global development of offshore oil and gas resources.
Bohai Sea should adhere to simultaneous exploration and development, further expand the existing exploration results, speed up the development and construction of Penglai 19-3 oil and gas fields, and strengthen the recycling of associated natural gas, so as to make Bohai Sea an important oil and gas replacement area in China. The Yellow Sea should further strengthen investigation and exploration, and strive to find commercial oil and gas fields. The East China Sea should intensify exploration, accelerate the pace of foreign cooperation, strengthen the development and utilization of Chunxiao gas field group, explore Taixi basin and Taisouthwest basin in various forms, and steadily increase oil and gas production. In the South China Sea, it is necessary to intensify the exploration of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, Qiongdongnan Basin, Beibu Gulf Basin marginal oil fields and Yinggehai Basin, expand the scope and degree of exploration, increase the reserves of oil and gas resources, and focus on the development and construction of Beibu Gulf oil fields and Dongfang 1- 1 gas fields. Promote oil and gas exploration in deep water and disputed waters, make full use of the cooperation mechanism between ASEAN and China, Japan and South Korea, find practical ways and means, strengthen oil and gas exploration in the southern South China Sea, and earnestly safeguard China's maritime rights and interests.
3. Developing natural gas strategy
Based on Ordos, Tarim, Sichuan, Qaidam, Qiongdongnan, Yinggehai and great basin in the East China Sea, aiming at finding large gas fields, we will cultivate competitive exploration markets, strengthen domestic natural gas exploration and provide resource guarantee for the development of natural gas industry.
Accelerate the reform of the investment system, simplify the government examination and approval procedures, relax the examination and approval authority, and realize the state-authorized operation and project filing system. Form a foreign exchange supporting system and an investment and financing system that are coordinated with the project filing system. Improve the wage distribution management system, continue to separate the social functions of enterprises, and divert the surplus personnel of enterprises, create a good external environment for the international operation of oil enterprises, and build an international large enterprise group with outstanding main business, strong core competitiveness, standardized operation and vitality.
Guided by the market, with the goal of improving the stability and flexibility of supply and realizing the network of transmission and distribution, we will speed up the demonstration and construction of the pipeline network of south-east gas transmission and east-west gas transmission. Increase the government's investment and support for the infrastructure construction of natural gas pipeline network, complete the construction of west-east gas pipeline network and coastal natural gas pipeline network, and build the national backbone pipeline network. Introduce LNG technology, develop small marginal gas fields and develop LNG transportation.
Make full use of market mechanism, speed up the development of natural gas market, break monopoly, promote the development of competitive natural gas downstream market, encourage natural gas consumption, promote competition, open the market, regulate the total amount, strengthen supervision, and realize the rapid development of natural gas industry.
4. International cooperation strategy
Adhere to the principle of reciprocity, mutual benefit, exchange and complementarity, adopt flexible methods according to different situations, and strengthen the control of resources by methods that conform to the rules of the game. Russia and Central Asian countries mainly exchange trade and resources, Middle Eastern countries mainly exchange markets and resources, and African countries mainly exchange investment and resources. Correctly handle the dialectical relationship between the "going out" of oil and gas resources and the "going out" of the whole oil industry, and rely on the "going out" of oil and gas to drive the products, technologies, equipment and services of other industries to go out.
First, establish a legal system for international cooperation and trade in China's oil industry as soon as possible to ensure the smooth implementation of China's international cooperation strategy; The second is to establish a national overseas oil risk exploration fund, with the government participating in risk exploration and improving the investment and financing mechanism; Third, improve the efficiency of government affairs and coordination among governments; The fourth is to implement the qualification examination system for enterprises participating in overseas oil and gas investment; Fifth, actively participate in international exchanges and cooperation in oil and gas; Sixth, encourage national oil companies to give priority to selling overseas oil back to China; Seventh, comprehensively use political, economic, military and diplomatic means to create a good international environment for China to expand the use of international oil resources.
5. Security supply strategy
We will implement the strategy of diversifying the import channels and trade modes of overseas oil and gas resources, expand the selection range of import countries, actively influence prices by participating in multi-level international market competition such as spot, futures and property rights, learn to control and master the market initiative, and actively use the refining capacity of neighboring countries to import refined oil. Make maximum use of foreign oil and gas resources through market procurement, market exchange for resources and cooperative development.
Accelerate the construction of China oil tanker fleet with the goal of building a diversified oil transportation system. The state can integrate the tanker fleet capacity assets of China Ocean Shipping Corporation, China Ocean Shipping Corporation and China Merchants Group, and give support to the finance, customs, taxation and other aspects involved in the construction of tanker fleet. The state can also consider the establishment of a large tanker fleet with the investment of shipowners, shipowners and ports.
6. Oil reserve strategy
Petroleum reserve is an important means to stabilize the relationship between supply and demand, deal with emergencies and ensure national economic security. Establish a strategic reserve structure with national reserves as the mainstay and enterprise reserves as the supplement, rationally arrange and select oil, oil (field) wells, oil resource reserves and technical reserves according to local conditions, and form a strategic petroleum reserve system with reasonable layout, centralized management, unified dispatching and rapid response.
The state formulates laws and regulations on the management of strategic oil and gas reserves, sets up special funds for the construction of strategic oil reserves, determines the types and indicators of reserves, economic policies and rules for use, arranges special reserve budgets and annual reserve plans, determines plans for purchasing, storing and dispatching reserves, and organizes and supervises their implementation. The state should also encourage oil enterprises to establish and increase commercial reserves in addition to normal turnover inventories through legal provisions and preferential policies. As an important supplement to the strategic petroleum reserve, enterprises should make their own arrangements under the unified management and centralized regulation of the state.
The reserve target is160,000 cubic meters in 2005 and 44 million cubic meters in 2065.438+00, which is equivalent to 90 days' import reserve in 2065.438+00.
7. Strategy of saving fuel and increasing efficiency
China has a large population and lacks high-quality energy such as oil and natural gas. Saving oil and gas resources is an important measure to speed up the adjustment and optimization of China's energy structure, and it is also a realistic choice to improve the economic benefits of enterprises, enhance international competitiveness and meet the challenge of joining WTO.
Strengthen fuel saving, formulate fuel saving plan, implement energy saving law and establish national fuel saving monitoring network; Optimize the industrial structure, improve the efficiency of oil utilization, and establish an oil-saving economic system; Establish and improve the energy-saving technology service system, cultivate and standardize the energy-saving technology market; Comprehensive use of economic, administrative and legal means to curb unreasonable oil consumption.
Vigorously promote the fuel economy of transportation industry, pay close attention to the development of fuel saving and alternative technologies, set up demonstration projects in five key industries such as electric power, petrochemical, metallurgy, building materials and chemical industry, and implement the project of "replacing oil with gas and replacing oil with coal", and strive to form 45 million tons of energy-saving and alternative oil-using capacity in five key industries of industrial fuel economy by 2020.
Brief introduction of the author
[1] Che Changbo, deputy director and researcher of the Oil and Gas Resources Strategy Research Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources.
[2] Ding Feng, deputy director of the Office of the Oil and Gas Resources Strategy Research Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources, assistant researcher, studying for a doctorate.