At present, China, known as the "world factory", has become a global processing and production center, and has mastered certain production dominance, but the trade dominance is still far from us. In terms of building a powerful trading country, China is obviously just on the road. Iron ore negotiations began in 2002, and the price of imported iron ore rose from less than $30 to 150, while the price of steel only rose from about 2,000 yuan to more than 4,400 yuan today. Almost every year, the topic of negotiation is price increase, and the performance of Chinese steel enterprises almost always ranges from opposition to anger, and finally they are forced to accept it. The negotiation of 20 10 iron ore, which has been delayed for half a year, will come out soon, and the price will still rise. Ma Guoqiang, general manager of Baosteel, recently said that the change of iron ore pricing mechanism is "the general trend", and now steel mills all over the country are importing iron ore at temporary prices. This remark was interpreted as that China iron and steel enterprises will lose money again.

In 2009, China imported 630 million tons of iron ore, and its dependence on imported ore reached 70%. At the beginning of this year, the three mining giants monopolized the world iron ore market, demanding a price increase of 100% or even higher, turning the long-term negotiation price into short-term bargaining.

Qian Hongwei, a senior analyst in the shipping industry of CITIC Construction Investment Co., Ltd., analyzed that the three iron ore giants began to transport a large amount of iron ore to China port in early 20 10, which pushed up the iron ore freight rate. Its real purpose is to create momentum for iron ore price negotiations, start the market demand of small and medium-sized steel mills in advance, and attempt to disintegrate the domestic iron ore negotiation alliance that has been dominant in the negotiations.

At present, some Chinese-funded enterprises "buy mines" abroad, which seems to be difficult to solve the problem in a short time. On the one hand, minerals are strategic resources. Some western countries have many doubts about China's holding of mines. On the other hand, it is difficult to change China's long-term dependence on iron ore imports in the short term due to the high cost of early mine construction. In recent years, the international oil price fluctuated greatly, which deeply affected the development of China's energy industry. In a short period of ten years, the international oil price jumped up and down, and the domestic oil price in China almost passively followed the international market, which was reflected in the domestic market, with more price increases and less price reductions. Subsidies are given to oil giants every year to make up for the losses caused by fluctuations in international oil prices.

At present, Brent crude oil in the North Sea and WTI crude oil in the United States traded on the London International Petroleum Exchange are one of the most important crude oil pricing benchmarks in the world. According to statistics, the annual global oil trade volume is about 654.38+0.3 billion tons, and the trading volume through the spot market is only about 2 billion tons, most of which have not been delivered in kind.

Behind the huge fluctuation of international crude oil futures prices is a huge arbitrage space for international financial capital and speculative capital. Some analysts say that about 70% of international oil futures transactions are speculative, and in the oil price of $0/kloc per barrel, speculative factors account for $6-8.

In China, where the demand for crude oil has risen to the second place in the world, the demand is large, but it is impossible to bargain with others, but the weight affecting oil pricing is less than 0. 1%. Due to the lack of pricing power, China and other Asian countries have to pay more foreign exchange import costs than European and American countries. According to estimates, the losses caused by "Asian premium" to China's GDP in recent two years have reached 0.08% ~ 0.20%.

What is even more striking is that when the international oil price soared to the $200/barrel mark in 2008, the trade deficit caused by China's imports of crude oil and refined oil in the first 10 month reached more than13 billion dollars. In view of the large-scale oil refining losses, China directly or indirect subsidies oil refining enterprises, farmers and low-income groups are close to 1000 billion yuan. The price formation of Singapore oil futures market is based on the fact that the daily trading volume is less than 6,543,800 tons. However, through the oil futures market, Singapore can easily control the spot trading price of hundreds of thousands or even millions of tons of oil in the Asian market.