Ap stands for average product, which literally means average output. It refers to the average quantity of products produced by producers in unit time, which is the value obtained by comparing the total output with the total time.

The task of microeconomics is to study the market mechanism and its function, determine the equilibrium price, and investigate how the market mechanism can obtain the conditions and ways of optimal allocation of resources by regulating individual behavior.

Microeconomics is a market mechanism economics with price as the analysis center, so it is also called price theory. Microeconomics also examines the theoretical basis of how the government takes intervention actions and measures when the market mechanism fails.

Price theory is a theory gradually bred in long-term price practice, and has formed and developed into a systematic price theory system. At first, people's understanding of price was superficial and fragmentary. With the accumulation of experience and in-depth research, the understanding of price is gradually deepened and systematized, and the price theory is gradually developed.

Economics is a subject that studies all kinds of economic activities and corresponding economic relations of human society at various stages of development and its operation and development law. The core idea of economics is the scarcity of materials and the effective utilization of resources, which can be divided into two main branches: microeconomics and macroeconomics.