With the gradual expansion of dairy farming scale, the importance of dairy farm design has become increasingly prominent. The quality of basic design directly affects the health, production and reproduction, milk quality and economic benefits of dairy cows. The design of dairy farm should be based on the principle of cattle-oriented, and the construction should be carried out according to the biological characteristics and physiological needs of dairy cows. If the cattle are allowed to adapt on the basis of people's subjective will and existing conditions, there will be disadvantages of cutting their feet and fitting their shoes. First of all, the construction of dairy farms should consider the problems of epidemic prevention and disease removal. Dairy farms should be built more than 500 meters away from villages, factories and traffic arteries, preferably sandy soil, with convenient drainage and no three wastes pollution. Cowshed, playground, delivery room, feeding room, milking room, feeding room, dormitory and silage pool should be arranged reasonably. Feces should be kept as far away from the feeding area as possible and treated harmlessly. The design principle of dairy farm: reduce the influence of climate on dairy cows, control and increase the intake of dairy cows, ensure the comfort of dairy cows, maintain the health of dairy cows, reduce the diseases of dairy cows, improve the hygiene and quality of milk and improve labor efficiency. The main points of cowshed design are as follows: First, cows must be comfortable. After their nutrition is satisfied, only when cows feel comfortable can they exert their maximum production potential, otherwise it will cause diseases of their limbs and joints and reduce their milk production. Second, it is necessary to ensure that the cowshed is dry and hygienic, well ventilated and the cows are clean, so as to ensure the health of dairy cows and the quality of milk, otherwise it will easily cause mastitis and other diseases. This layout design has changed the tethered or traditional design mode. Cows can eat roughage and drink water freely, and choose exercise and rest freely, which is very suitable for the living habits of cows, reduces the labor intensity of breeders from the technological process, improves the work efficiency, and meets the food hygiene requirements of separating people, cows and milk. Large dairy farm or dairy community, the scale should not exceed 500 heads. Due to the limitation of transportation distance, the roughage of dairy cows is mainly solved around dairy farms. For more than 500 cows, it will be difficult to supply roughage, so it is necessary to buy roughage from far away, and its cost will increase relatively. In addition, it is relatively difficult to sell feces.