(1) The landform area of Zhongshan, with Yujing Peak as the center, extends from Yungai Peak in the southwest to Dawutou in the northeast, which belongs to this landform area. The peaks above 1000~ 1800m and 1000m also account for/kloc-0 of the whole mountain area. 50%。
(2) Strong shallow cutting low mountain landform area: Egongling-Wangshan, Shanghengtan-Dayuanwu and Jiuzhandi-Shangxikeng all belong to this landform area, with an altitude of 500~ 1000m, a cutting depth of 100~500m and a cutting degree of 50%.
(3) Weak shallow cutting hilly landform area: It is distributed in Linfeng, Zhongkeng, Shuangxi and Fenshui, with an altitude of 300-500m, and only a few hills are over 500m, with a cutting depth of about 100-200 m and a cutting degree of.
(4) Weak shallow cutting low hill landform area: it is small in area and distributed in LAM Raymond and Zhongkeng areas in the south of the Geopark, with an altitude of 200~300m, a cutting depth of about 60 ~ 150m and a cutting degree of.
(1) Geomorphological unit with peak forest as the main body: the central area of Sanqingshan Scenic Area, including Nanqing Garden Scenic Area, Yujing Peak Scenic Area and Wanshou Park Scenic Area, with an area of about 6km2 and an average elevation >; 1000m, the cutting depth is several hundred meters to more than one thousand meters, and the cutting degree is more than 50%. The geological relics of peak forest are mainly developed in this area. From Yujing Peak to the east, the landform of peak forest is generally stepped from high to low, and the height of peak forest ranges from tens to hundreds of meters.
(2) Combined landform unit of canyon, steep cliff and peak forest: it is mainly distributed in Donggoujian-Horseshoe Mountain-Jigongshijian-Yang Qing Bridge-Fengmen-Kethleen Cave-Shangxikeng, with an altitude of 500 ~1000m. Canyon, steep cliff and peak forest are well developed in this area, and the three coexist at the same time. The direction of canyons in this area is different, and the length of canyons is generally 1km to several kilometers. The plane shape of the canyon is linear or curved, and the cross-sectional shape of the canyon is mostly deep and narrow V-shaped. The rock walls on both sides of the canyon are generally steep, and steep cliffs are also common. The height of steep cliffs ranges from 100 meters to hundreds of meters, and you can often see the forest landform at the top of the mountain.
(3) Geomorphological units dominated by canyons: they are mainly distributed in the area of Xiahengtan-Dayuanwu-Tang Fang-Jinsha, with an altitude of 500~ 1000m, and are dominated by canyons in various directions, with lengths ranging from one kilometer to 1 km to more than ten kilometers. The plane shape of the canyon is linear, while the cross-sectional shape of the canyon is mostly deep and narrow.
(4) Geomorphic units with gravel accumulation: they are distributed in Pingxi, LAM Raymond, Fenshui and Jinsha, with an altitude below 450m, and are typical mountain depressions. Due to the accumulation of alluvial pebbles in Quaternary flood, pebbles with gravel diameter of 10~ 15m are often found in depressions, with a maximum gravel diameter of 30m and good roundness. For example, the "immortals driving away stones" in Pingxi is a typical Quaternary pebble accumulation landform. In addition, Sanqing Fudi is also a typical mountain depression, with an altitude of 1450m and an area of 100 mu, containing Quaternary pebbles. Micro-landform landscape of granite in Sanqingshan Mountain There are nine types of micro-landform landscape of granite peak forest, such as peak, peak, stone forest, peak, cone top, rock wall, canyon and stone carving landscape, which is the key area to study the formation and evolution of granite micro-landform. Within 3780 hectares of the core scenic spot, there are 48 strange peaks, 89 stone carvings and more than 384 landscapes, which can be called the natural museum of granite micro-landforms in the world. The carved stone scenes are rich and wonderful, mainly formed by structural erosion and erosion, and there are few stone eggs. Among them, "Oriental Goddess" and "Python Walking Out of the Mountain" are two iconic sculpture landscapes and "unique landscapes" in the world.
Sanqingshan granite not only has various micro-geomorphological forms, but also preserves the remains with typical typomorphic characteristics and complete exposure system in the main stages of its formation and evolution. The morphological types are relatively complete. There are six rare types: granite peak, granite peak wall, granite peak cluster, granite stone forest, granite peak column and granite cone.
On the peaks, clusters, walls and columns, due to weathering, erosion, uneven collapse and spherical weathering, some strange and beautiful molding stones with certain image significance have been formed, which can be further divided into two types from the origin.
1. There are few granite modeling stones formed by weathering and denudation, and the typomorphic examples are spherical stones (gourd stones) and turtle-shaped stones (turtle-exploring).
Followed by granite sculpture stones formed by erosion, erosion and concave-convex collapse, such as sharp corner stones (Ren Xian now refers to Xiangu Sunshoes, Rhinoceros Stones, Heshouding and Snail Playing Pine) and some unique stone scenes (foxes gnawing chickens, Ge Hong's alchemy, civet cats and other mice, Lao Zi talks). Waterfalls, Bitan Lake and Springs
Sanqingshan has abundant rainfall, abundant water, developed runoff and numerous waterfalls. There are 8 major waterfalls, generally at an altitude of 500~ 1000m, mainly distributed in the middle and lower part of the mountain, with a drop of 10~30m and a width of several meters to tens of meters. Most waterfalls have the characteristics of "three-layer structure", that is, there is a "stone gate" shaped outlet at the upper end, the middle part is the main body of the hanging rock waterfall, and there is often a beautiful Bitan at the bottom. The genetic types of waterfalls can be divided into fracture type and erosion type, such as Eight Banners Longtan Waterfall, Yu Lian Waterfall, Shi Jian Waterfall and Kethleen Cave Waterfall.
Sanqingshan Bitan is connected with the stream waterfall, which is clear and green. Bitan Lake covers an area of 10 square meter and is several meters deep. The formation of Bitan Lake is the result of the interaction of internal and external geological forces, which often occurs at the intersection of geological structural faults and joints, and is formed by the constant erosion of surface water such as Shigutan, Yuniutan and Wuse Biyutan.
Sanqingshan granite body is rich in structural fissure water because of a large number of grid fractures. In addition, Sanqingshan has a lot of rain, low temperature, slow evaporation of water, dense forests, and the infiltration of structural fissure water, which has caused many seasonal falling springs. Its water is pure, cold and sweet, such as Gudanjing, Luquan Well, Yolanda and Yumen Spring. Sanqingshan Mountain belongs to East China, a sub-region of Sino-Japanese flora in East Asia, with rich floristic elements and obvious vertical distribution. A total of 2373 species of higher plants belonging to 984 genera in 253 families were identified, including 368 species of bryophytes belonging to 65 families 165 genera. 34 families, 7 1 genus, 179 species of pteridophytes; 24 species of gymnosperms belonging to 22 genera and 6 families; Angiosperms (148 families, 726 genera, 1802 species) are one of the most abundant plant species in subtropical areas of China, and also the distribution center of Taxodium in Pinaceae in the world. The distribution of fungi and lichens in this area is also very prominent. Sanqingshan is not only rich in plant species, but also preserves a large number of rare species, of which 19 belongs to the national list of key protected wild plants, and 19 belongs to the China Plant Red Book. Not only that, Sanqingshan still retains many ancient trees that are more than a hundred years old or even more than a thousand years old.
Evergreen broad-leaved forest is a zonal vegetation in Sanqing Mountain, which is distributed in hilly areas below 800 meters above sea level. Evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest is a transitional vegetation from the middle subtropical zone to the north subtropical zone, mainly distributed in the hillside valley with an altitude of 800- 1400 meters. Mountain dwarf forest is the essence of vegetation in Sanqingshan Mountain, which is mainly composed of Rhododendron Hericium, Rhododendron Huangshan, Rhododendron occidentalis and Rhododendron rhododendron. It is concentrated in the slopes and valleys at an altitude of 1000- 1800 meters. Coniferous forests are mainly distributed in the air door at an altitude of 1 100 meters and the Sanqing Palace and its vicinity at an altitude of 1530 meters. Mountain meadows are mainly distributed near Jiutian Yingyuanfu at an altitude of1550m. The swamp is distributed in the northern part of Sanqing Palace and the foothills at an altitude of1530m.
Minghua
There are flowers in Sanqingshan all the year round, and the main varieties are rhododendron, honeysuckle, begonia, Daphne, black tea flower, Magnolia grandiflora, cherry blossom, plum blossom, Michelia, Impatiens balsamina, Hemerocallis, Orchidaceae in February, Lycopodium, Crystal Orchid, Polygonatum, Lily, Peach Blossom, Snow, Vaccinium, and Wild Peony.
veteran
Sanqingshan ancient trees and famous flowers are one of the four wonders of natural landscape in Sanqingshan Scenic Area, and the plant resources are extremely rich. According to the investigation and identification, the rare tree species in Sanqingshan Mountain include Sanqingshan pine, white bean fir, fragrant fruit tree, East China yellow cedar, East China hemlock, Fokienia hodginsii, Manglietia, Buxus alpina and so on. Most of these trees are protected by the state, which not only has high economic value, but also has high ornamental value.
Taxodium ascendens in Sanqingshan Mountain was also discovered for the first time in Jiangxi Province. It is a national second-class protected plant and a rare tree species. The total area of Taxodium ascendens in Sanqingshan Mountain is more than 8000 mu, with 23 plants per mu, and the maximum accumulation is 15.23m? It is extremely rare to have a wide distribution and a large number.
At the northern foot of Sanqing Mountain, there are also rare tree species such as Chimonobambusa, ancient ginkgo, Jingui, Podocarpus, Sabina vulgaris and so on.
medicinal material
Sanqingshan Mountain is located in the subtropical humid monsoon region, with dense virgin forest and evergreen coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest, which effectively preserves a large number of medicinal materials.
Medicinal plants and woody medicinal plants. As early as 197 1- 1978, the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine sent medical teams to investigate the medicinal plant resources in Sanqingshan many times, and then other census groups also conducted many investigations in Sanqingshan area.
There are 349 species of medicinal plants in Sanqingshan Mountain, belonging to 124 family. Among them, there are 7 species belonging to 6 families of Orchidaceae, 2 species belonging to 2 families of lichens, 2 species belonging to 2 families of bryophytes, 23 species belonging to pteridophytes 14 families, 8 species belonging to 6 families of gymnosperms, 272 species belonging to 85 families of angiosperms and 35 species belonging to 9 families of monocotyledons.
According to the collected medicinal plants, the Chinese patent medicines on Sanqingshan Mountain include Sargentodoxa, Magnolia Officinalis, Uncaria Uncaria, Eucommia ulmoides, Radix Adenophorae, Radix Peucedani, Asari, Radix Ophiopogonis, Rhizoma Coptidis, Polygonatum sibiricum, Tremella, Ganoderma lucidum, Flos Lonicerae, Ginkgo biloba, Cynanchum atratum and so on. There are as many known animal species as plants in Sanqingshan Mountain. There are 827 species of wild animals/kloc-0, including 40 species of vertebrates and 327 species of insects/kloc-0. Among vertebrates, there are 67 species (or subclasses) of mammals in 22 families, 226 species (or subclasses) of birds in 47 families, 49 species (or subclasses) of reptiles 1 1 family, and 23 species (or subclasses) of amphibians in 8 families.
Sanqingshan wild animals not only have a wide variety and complex flora, but also inhabit a large number of rare and endemic species. Among them, there are 7 species of national first-class protected wild animals, such as muntjac, clouded leopard, white-necked pheasant, yellow-bellied pheasant, merganser and golden-spotted woodpecker, and national second-class protected wild animals include macaque, Tibetan emirate monkey, pangolin scales, jackal, black bear, ferret, otter, civet cat, civet cat and golden cat. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora lists 10 in Appendix I, 36 in Appendix II and 10 in Appendix III. Among them, the Chinese rat-eared bat and the Tibetan chief monkey are endemic animals in Sanqing Mountain.