What did Chen Tang say in the Western Han Dynasty? Those who make a strong man will be punished even if they are far away? I don't think I am a stranger to anyone. Now when people talk about Han, they think? Strong man? And the thought of being a strong man is bound to come to mind? Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty? . Yes, that's right. Half of the credit for the great man's fame was made by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. During his reign, he created unprecedented achievements, laid the foundation for the prosperity of the Han Dynasty, and opened up a vast territory for the Han Dynasty, as Sima Qian said? Han Xing V, Long Jian Yuan? The Western Han Dynasty reached its peak in Xuan Di on the basis laid by Emperor Wudi.

During his reign, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty gradually abandoned the policy of inaction in Wenjing period and took the initiative to adopt the policy of external expansion. He first put down the rebellion of Fujian and Vietnam in the south that plagued the Han Dynasty for many years. Later, after solving the internal unstable factors, Emperor Wu began to deal with the Xiongnu, who had made Dahan take a humiliating and pro-policy. In that year, he vowed that the Xiongnu would submit to Dahan. In the following decades, the Han Dynasty won three decisive battles, namely, the Battle of Henan, the Battle of Hexi and the Battle of Mobei. In the end, the once powerful Xiongnu Dynasty was defeated by Emperor Wu, and it went to the end.

After the Xiongnu, the biggest threat to the Great Man, was solved, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty began to show his fierce fangs to other neighboring countries. He successively levied Dawan, surrendered to the Western Regions, collected South Vietnam and annexed Korea, and later set up a western region overseer in the Western Region to manage the southern and northern countries in the Western Region. Since then, all the countries in the Western Region have surrendered to the Great Man. In the end, the great man officially went to the road of prosperity under Emperor Wu's war to travel south and north. Of course, in this road of prosperity, we should know that the prosperity of Emperor Wu was not only the credit of those soldiers and people, but also the unique economic policy behind Emperor Wu's period? Public economy? Credit.

During Emperor Wu's reign, all the operations such as casting money, smelting iron, cooking salt, brewing, transportation and trade were managed and operated centrally, and other individuals and collectives were not allowed to intervene in the operation. That is, under such monopolistic operation, Emperor Wu's financial resources were never exhausted, and with such continuous financial support, Emperor Wu was able to have sufficient military strength and abundant supplies to support Han's army in waging war abroad, which is why Han's army was able to obtain it. Take back the right of folk money casting

What is contained in Hanshu. Shihuozhi? In addition to stealing the order to cast money, let the people cast it. ................... wouldn't listen. At that time, Wu made money from princes and mountains, made the emperor rich, and later died in rebellion. Deng Tong, a doctor, has surpassed the king in casting money. Therefore, Wu and Deng Qian cloth the world. ? During the reign of Emperor Wendi? Qin Qian is heavy and difficult to use? It was inconvenient for people to use it, so Emperor Wendi began to allow people to make coins, among which King Wu and Deng Tong were the most prominent, and their wealth even surpassed that of the emperor. At that time, coins made by King Wu and Deng Tong were almost popular all over the world, but the money made by the state was almost neglected.

From the above passage, we can see that during the entire Han Dynasty, private minting of money was allowed, and the impact was enormous. Imagine that a country's currency is actually allowed to be minted privately, and even a country's wealth is not comparable to that of a person. What will happen to this country? In fact, this policy promulgated by Emperor Wendi did have a great impact on the late Western Han Dynasty, and even finally affected the development of the whole country.

Is there such a record in Historical Records, Volume 3, PingZhun Book? The son of heaven cut Hu and raised horses. The horses came to eat tens of thousands of horses in Chang 'an, but the pawns were not enough in Guanzhong, so they were transferred to the nearby county. But Hu's descendents were all county officials, who refused to give them food and clothing. The son of heaven was deprived of food, so he took advantage of Yu, and went out to ................, which was forbidden by the imperial government to support him. So the county officials were empty, while dajia, a wealthy businessman, or Mi's wealth service was poor, and he turned his head around and lived in a city, and all of them bowed their heads and raised their heads. Smelting and boiling salt, wealth or tired of thousands of gold, without assisting the country's urgent needs, the people of Lebanon are seriously trapped. ? In those days, because of the war with Xiongnu in successive years, the state treasury was empty and unsustainable, but it was in stark contrast to the state's financial deficit. And dajia, a wealthy businessman, or Mie, who was poor in wealth, turned to a hundred, abandoned his residence in the city, and bowed his head and looked up to him? .

At this time, those rich people in the Western Han Dynasty were extremely rich because they had the right to freely coin money. However, the imperial court had the right to coin money by themselves, which led to almost no interest in the money made by the state, which led to the lack of national finance. In the end, after Emperor Wu ascended the throne, he gradually nationalized the right of the people to freely coin money, and stipulated that all those who stole it should be put to death. Later, in the first 113 years, the coinage rights of local governments were completely abolished and handed over to the central government? Shanglin Sanguan? Casting, "Historical Records. Volume 3. The book of leveling"? So I learned that there was no casting money in the forbidden county, so I ordered the three officials of Shanglin to cast it. ? Since then, the whole country's currency manufacturing right has been in the hands of the imperial court, so Emperor Wu has completely mastered the most important financial lifeline of the whole country? Currency issuance and manufacturing rights? , followed by the growing wealth of the whole big fellow finance. Salt and iron official camp

Salt and iron official camp began in Qi State, but at that time it was only a tax, not a real franchise. The official camp of salt and iron really began in the period of Emperor Wu, during which the state really realized the monopoly management of salt and iron. In 119 BC, Emperor Wu? Make Kong only and Dongguo Xianyang pass on the world's salt and iron as the government? That is to say, in this year, Emperor Wu set up Salt and Iron Company in Dasinong to take charge of the national salt and iron business, and at the same time set up salt officials or iron officials in counties to manage the production and sales of salt and iron.

At that time, the methods of government-run were civilian system, official revenue, official transportation and official sales. For example, the government provides the production tools for salt, and then the people cook the salt themselves, and then the government buys it and transports it to all parts of the country for sale. As for the iron resources, the Han court controlled them very strictly. Since Emperor Wu, all the iron resources and iron casting in all parts of the country have been controlled by the court, and all the processes related to the production and circulation of iron are controlled by the government, while all the people are not allowed to engage in this industry. Of course, when salt and iron were classified as official camps, there were also corresponding punishment measures. At that time, if people cooked salt and cast iron privately, they would be punished by stinging their left toes, or even killing them, and all production tools would be confiscated. With the monopoly management of salt and iron by the state, the fiscal revenue of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was further enriched. Monopoly of alcohol

Monopoly of alcohol simply means that the state leaves all the production and sale of alcohol to the state to manage, while the people have no right to participate. The monopoly system began in the third year of the reign of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty. According to Hanshu. Shihuozhi? Xi he Lu Kuangyan:? Famous mountains, osawa, salt, iron, money, cloth, silk, all on credit, swimming in the county magistrate, only wine cellar alone. .................................................................................................................................................................................. ? .

At this time, the whole production and circulation of alcohol in Dahan was controlled by the government, and private people were not allowed to brew freely. Then the court could monopolize the profits of alcohol, so that the court could make huge profits and enrich the national treasury. Even loss leveling

Even loss means that the imperial court buys cheap local products in various places in Dahan, and then transports them to other high-priced areas for sale. Leveling means that the imperial court will stabilize the prices in various places, and will be responsible for "selling goods when they are expensive and buying them when they are cheap" in various places, so as to ensure the balance of material supply and prices in the whole country and prevent private businessmen from profiting from it.

at the beginning of the western Han dynasty, governors of various counties and countries had to send local native products to Beijing as tributes, but at that time, this policy did not take advantage of the development of the country, and most of them wasted people and money, and the court did not get any benefits. So in the first year of Emperor Wudi's Yuanfeng, Emperor Wudi followed Sang Hongyang's suggestion and vigorously promoted it throughout the country? Both lose? Policy: First, set up an average loss officer in all parts of Dahan to be responsible for the handling of the tribute payable by a county, and then build a large number of carriages for the transportation of goods, such as special products that are particularly rare and sent directly to the capital, while the average tribute officer is responsible for changing enough other local products with good quality and low price, and then transporting them to places with high prices for sale.

At that time, these local products were all paid to the imperial court by vassals, so the imperial court hardly needed to pay anything. At that time, the imperial court only needed to pay some travel expenses to sell them in expensive places, so it was possible to imagine how much profit the imperial court earned. The benefits after the implementation of the policy of equal loss are recorded in Hanshu Shihuozhi. What does it record? It's an emergency in every county. And the farmers have their own millet, and Shandong Caoyi is six million stones. At the age of one, Taicang and Ganquan are full. Edge Yu Gu, all lost five million silks. People don't benefit from giving, but the world uses forgiveness. ? . It can be said that this policy is very profitable for the national treasury revenue of Emperor Wu.

and? Level? Is it that the imperial court used a large amount of materials and economic power in its hands to control the sale of materials in the whole country? Even if it is leveled in the capital, it will be defeated by the World Committee ... Therefore, it is called the suppression of things in the world. Level? . ? At that time, Hanting would set up leveling institutions all over the country, and then this institution would monitor the prices in these places. If the price of a commodity in this place was a little too high, this institution would dispatch this commodity from other places and then sell it in large quantities, so as to gain a lot of profits and balance the prices here. On the other hand, if the price of a commodity was a little too low, this institution would buy a large number of these commodities and transport them to other places with high prices for sale, so as to restore the price of this commodity to normal.

It can be said that at that time, the transportation and sale of goods in the whole country were almost controlled by the state, and the state could make the prices of goods in any place low or high, which can be described as arbitrary control. It was by taking advantage of these monopolistic business advantages that the Han court made huge profits, which was followed by the increasing revenue of the national treasury of Emperor Wudi, and the court became richer and richer. So the son of heaven went north to Shuofang, sealed Mount Tai in the east, patrolled the sea, and returned to the north side. More than one million silks were used as rewards, and millions of money and gold were used, all of which were large farmers. ? .

It was the policy that Emperor Wu once turned casting money into state-owned, salt and iron official operation, monopoly of wine and wine, and even loss, and handed over all these industries that could have private participation to the state for unified management. In this way, Emperor Wudi's financial ability was so abundant that he could support one foreign war after another, which took a long time, and finally achieved the great man's reputation as a strong Han, and also achieved the heyday of Xuan Di.